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2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习Unit2Cloning导学案新人教版选修8ReadingCLONING:WHEREISITLEADINGUSCloninghasalwaysbeenwithusandisheretostay.Itisawayofmakinganexactcopyofanotheranimalorplant.Ithappensinplantswhengardenerstakecuttingsfromgrowingplantstomakenewones.Italsohappensinanimals
1.________twinsidenticalinsexandappearanceareproducedfromthesameoriginalegg.Thefactisthatthesearebothexamplesofnaturalclones.Cloninghastwomajoruses.Firstlygardenersuseitallthetimetoproducemercialquantitiesofplants.Secondlyitisvaluableforresearchonnewplantspeciesandformedicalresearchonanimals.Cloningplantsisstraightforward
2._______cloninganimalsisveryplicated.Itisadifficulttask
3.______________undertake.Manyattemptstoclonemammalsfailed.Butatlastthedeterminationandpatienceofthescientistspaidoffin1996withabreakthrough—thecloningofDollythesheep.Theprocedureworkslikethis:
1.FemalesheepAprovidesaneggcell.
2.Thenucleusisremovedfromtheeggcell.
3.Theeggcellisreadyforanewnucleus.
4.FemalesheepBprovidesasomaticcellfortheclone.Thenucleusofthiscellcontainsallthegenesneededtoproduceanewsheep.
5.Thenucleusistakenoutofthesomaticcell.
6.ThenucleusfromsheepBandtheeggcellfromsheepAarejoinedusingelectricity.
7.Thecelldividesandgrowsintoanembryo.
8.TheembryoisputintofemalesheepCwhobeesthecarrieroftheclone.
9.ThelambisthecloneofthedonatedcellfromSheepBwhichprovidedthenucleus.OntheonehandthewholescientificworldfollowedtheprogressofthefirstsuccessfulcloneDollythesheep.Thefactthatsheseemedtodevelopnormallywasvery
4._____________encourage.Thencamethedisturbingnews
5.__________Dollyhadbeeseriouslyill.Cloningscientistswerecastdown
6._________findthatDolly’sillnessesweremoreappropriatetoamucholderanimal.AltogetherDollylivedsixandahalfyearshalfthe
7.________longofthelifeoftheoriginalsheep.
8._________[尽管]herproblemsDollysuccessfullyproducedalambina
9.___________naturebirth.Sadlythesamearbitraryfateaffectedotherspeciessuchasclonedmice.Thequestionsthatconcernedallscientistswere:“Wouldthisbe
10._____majordifficultyforallclonedanimalsWouldithappenforeverCoulditbesolvedifcorrectionsweremadeintheirresearchprocedure”OntheotherhandDolly’sappearanceraisedastormofobjectionsandhadagreatimpact
11._____themediaandpublicimagination.Itbecamecontroversial.Itsuddenlyopenedeverybody’seyestothepossibilityofusingcloningtocureseriousillnesses
12._______eventoproducehumanbeings.Althoughatpresenthumaneggcellsandembryosneededforcloningresearcharedifficult
13.____________obtainnewspaperswroteofevilleadershopingtoclonethemselvestoattaintheirambitions.Religiousleadersalsoraisedmoralquestions.Governmentsbecamenervousandmoreconservative.Somebegantoreformtheirlegalsystemsand
14.______________forbidresearchintohumancloningbutothercountrieslikeChinaandtheUKcontinuedtoaccumulateevidenceoftheabundantmedicalaidthatcloningcouldprovide.Howeverscientistsstillwonderwhethercloningwillhelporharmusandwhereitisleadingus.*pickout15newwordsandtranslatethemintoChineseUsinglanguage:THERETURNOFTHEDINOSAURSThe
1.______________possibleofcloningfierceandextinctwildanimalshasalwaysexcitedfilmmakers.Andtheyarenottheonlyones!The_
2.____________popularoffilmssuchasJurassicParkinwhichascientistclonesseveralkindsofextinctdinosaursproveshowtheideastruckamixtureoffearandexcitementintopeople’shearts.Butinfactwearealongwayfrom
3._____beabletocloneextinctanimals.Scientistsarestillexperimentingwithcloningmammals.Thisisbecausethecloningofmammalsisstillanewscienceanditsstoryonlybeganseriouslyinthe1950sasthislistshows:1950scloningoffrogs1970sresearchusingtheembryosofmice1979workonembryosofsheepandmice1981firstexperimentalclonesofmice1983firstexperimentalclonesofcows1996firstcloneofamammal:Dollythesheep2000cowgavebirthtoabison2001China’sfirstclonedtwincalves2002firstclonedcatsxxfirstcloneddogFromtimetotimepeoplesuggestthatextinctanimalslikedinosaurscanpossibly
4.____________(bring)backtolifethroughcloning.
5.______________fortunatewithwhatweknownowthisiseitherimpossible____unsuitable.Therearemanyreasons.TheinitialrequirementisthatyouneedperfectDNAwhichgivesinformationforhowcellsaretogrow.Alleffortsofcloningananimalwillbeinvainifthereisnotenoughdiversityinthegrouptoovereillnesses.Diversityinagroupmeanshavinganimalswiththeirgenesarrangedindifferentways.Theadvantageisthatifthereisanewillnesssomeoftheseanimalsmaydieotherswillsurviveandpassontheabilitytoresistthatdiseasetothenextgeneration.Thegreatdrawbacktocloningagroupofanimalsisthattheywouldallhavethesamearrangementofgenesandsomightdieofthesameillness.Thennoneofthemwouldbelefttocontinuethespecies.Itwouldbeunfairtocloneanyextinctanimalsiftheyweretoliveinazoo.Asuitablehabitatwouldbeneededforthemtoleadanaturallife.
6.__________baseonwhatweknownowyoucannotcloneanimalsthathavebeenextinctlongerthan10000years.Actuallydinosaursdisappeared65000000yearsago.Sothechanceofdinosaurseverreturningtotheearthis
7._________mereadream.归纳
1.extinct____________
2.initial____________
3.diversity____________
4.resist____________
5.drawback____________
6.habitat____________
7.species____________8invain_________
9.pass...onto...____________
10.总结with的复合结构___________________________________重点单词用法
1.differ(vi)不同;相异;1Humansdifferfromothermammalsintheirabilitytospeak.人与其他哺乳动物的不同之处在于人能说话【differfrom….与…不同】2Thetwosidesdifferwitheachotheroverthequestionofpay.【about/on/oversth.关于】3That’swherewediffer.那就是我们意见不合的地方4Itdoesn’tmakeanydifferencetomewhetheryougoornot.【makeadifference有影响】
2.undertakev.undertookpp.undertaken(pt.)Sheundertookfullresponsibilityforthenewchanges.承担Heundertooktopaythemoneybackinsixmonths.承诺
3.castv./ncastptcast(pp)扔,投,掷1Shecastaglanceinhisdirection.瞥一眼Thetreecastalongshadowonthegrass.投下阴影2Don’tbesocastdown.Justkeepupyourspirits.沮丧
4.objectv.反对Weobjecttobeingtreatedlikethis.反对Theyobjectedthattheschedulewastootight.反对说n.What’sthatdarkobjectlyinginthestreet物体Hisoneobjectinlifeistoearnasmuchmoneyaspossible.目的【拓展】objectionn.raiseanobjection提出反对意见
5.obtainv.通过努力等获得,得到;买到AtOxfordheobtainedhisMaster’sdegreeinelectricalengineering.Wewishedtoobtainfirst-handinformation.
6.forbidv.forbadept.forbiddenpp.禁止1Thecityforbidskeepingdogs.2Iforbidyoutotellanyoneaboutthesecret.3Heforbadehischildrensweetsbecausehedidn’twanttheirteethtoberuined.4WomenareforbiddenfromgoingoutwithoutaveilinArabiancountries.
7.owev.1Heoweshisfather50yuan/50yuantohisfather.欠2Iowehimanapology.\Ioweanapologytohim.应向...道歉3Theseearlysettlersowedtheirsurvivaltohardworkanddeterminationtosucceed.把...归功于IoweittoyouthatIfinishedmyworkintime.it为形式宾语4Owingtotheraintheycouldnote.由于
9.botherv.Imsorrytobotheryoubutcouldyoutellmethewaytothestation麻烦–Ineedtoadvertiseforaroommate.---WhybotherMaryisinterested.别费劲,没有必要
10.strikev.struckpt.struckpp1Thestonestruckmeontheforehead.击中2Itsuddenlystruckmethatwecoulduseaputertodothejob.突然想到3Hewasstruckbythebeautyofthegirl.打动4Theclockhasjuststrucktwelve.(钟)敲响5Shestruckamatch.划(火柴)6Theworkersarestrikingforbetterworkingconditions.罢工n.Thewholestaffwereonstrike.短语用法
1.payoff【读句子,猜词义】I’vejustpaidoffmyloanfromthisbank.DidyourplanpayoffAllthoseweeksofstudyingwillpayoffwhenyoutaketheexam.【拓展】paybackpayfor.典型句式
1.Itsuddenlyopenedeverybody’seyestothepossibilityofusingcloningtocureseriousillnessandeventoproducehumanbeings.翻译____________________________________________2Itisawayofmakinganexactcopyofanotheranimalorplant.精确的【拓展】tobeexact.确切地说1Thats_________whatIexpected.那正是我希望的.2----Peopleshouldstopusingtheircarsandstartusingpublictransport.----______.Theroadsaretoocrowdedasitis.(xx浙江)【正是如此】A.AllrightB.ExactlyC.GoaheadD.Fine
3.ThencamethedisturbingnewsthatDollyhadbeeseriouslyill.nowthen,hereupdowninoutaway等副词位于句首,且主语为名词,主句用完全倒装语序Thencamethedaywehadbeenlookingforwardto.Hereistheletteryouarewaitingfor.
4.AltogetherDollylivedforsixyearshalfthelengthofthelifeoftheoriginalsheep.Therewerealtogether42studentsintheclass.总共Thefoodwasgoodandwelovedtheatmosphereandthepeople.Altogetheritwasagreatevening.总之Idon’taltogetheragreewithyou.完全2originaladj/n.原始的;最初的;原创的originallyadv.Inawordtoreadtheoriginalworkisbetterthantoseethefilmbasedonit.原著
5.Dolly’sappearanceraisedastormofobjectionsandhadagreatimpactonthemediaandpublicimagination.1引起,使出现Thebookraisesmanyargumentsaboutthisissue.比较:raiserisearisearouse2astormofprotest/cheers/applause/criticism一阵抗议/欢呼声/掌声/抨击/3have/makeastrong/greatimpacton对…有巨大影响。