还剩5页未读,继续阅读
文本内容:
2019-2020年高考英语一轮复习《情态动词与虚拟语气》教案新人教版I
一、情态动词考点一 can和could的用法1.表示惊讶,常用在否定句和疑问句中Howcouldyoudosuchasillything你怎么能做那样的蠢事呢?2.表示可能性,意为“可能,有时会”can和could没有时态的差异,只是could不太肯定Joggingcanbeharmfultothehealth.慢跑可能会对健康有害Accidentscan/couldhappenonsuchrainydays.这样的多雨天气可能会发生交通事故客观的可能性3.can用于否定句,意为“应该不是,不可能”Ithinkitsallright.Shecantmakeamistake.我想应该没事,她不可能犯错误4.cannot...too/enough表示“无论……也不过分”;“越……越好”Youcantbetoocarefulwhiledriving.开车时越小心越好YoucannotrememberenoughEnglishwords.你记的英语单词越多越好5.cannotbut+dosth.表示“不得不,只好”Icouldntbutchoosetogo.我只好去根据句意可知答案为B考点二 may和might的用法may和might表示“许可”,“可能性”,“祝愿”等意义1.表示许可MayIeinMightIborrowyourputer2.表示可能性may和might表示可能性时,可以对现在、过去或将来进行推测Petermayewithustonightbutheisntsureyet.彼得今晚可能和我们一起来,但他还没确定实际可能性,不用can3.“mayaswell+动词原形”意为“最好,满可以,倒不如”Youmayaswelldoitatonce.Wemayaswellstaywhereweare.4.may作“可以”讲时,其否定式常用mustnt表示“禁止”;must作“必须”讲时,其否定式是“neednt”,表示“不必”—MayIuseyourcar—Noyoumustnt.委婉的拒绝可用Sorry,butIamusingitnow.或Youdbetternot.等不,你不可以考点三 must的用法1.表示义务,意为“必须”主观意志Wemustdoeverythingstepbystep.在这种用法中must表示出于主观意识而必须要做某事,haveto表示由于某种客观原因而不得不做某事除此以外,haveto自身有时态的变化IhavetogonowforIvegotameeting15minuteslater.注意回答以must引导的问句时,若是否定回答,不可以用mustnt而用neednt或是donthaveto,因为mustnt意思是“绝不能,一定不要”,而没有“不必”的意思—Mustwehandinourexercisestoday—Yesyoumust.是的,必须交肯定回答/—Noyouneedntyoudonthaveto.不,不必今天交否定回答—MustIworkouttheproblemtonight—Noyouneednt.2.表示猜测、推测must常用于肯定句中表示猜测对现在或未来的事进行猜测时,后接动词原形;对已经发生的事进行猜测时,后接have+过去分词Hemustbeill.Helookssopale.Ididnthearthephone.Imusthavebeenasleep.3.表示禁止用于否定句Smokingmustnotbeallowedintheoffice.4.表示“偏执”,“固执”MustyoumakesomuchnoiseIfyoumustsmokepleasegoout.考点四 shall的用法1.第
一、第三人称疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见和向对方请示ShallwebeginourclassShallthedriverwaitoutside2.第
二、第三人称陈述句中,表说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁Ipromisedheshallgetapresentforhisbirthday.Youshallnotgetmysupportifyoudosuchathing.考点五 will和would的用法1.表示自愿做或主动提出做什么,如意志、愿望或决定等would用于过去的情况—Cansomeonefetchsomewater—Iwill.2.与you连用表示请求或要求用wontyou强调邀请的语气would比will更客气、委婉Wouldyoumindopeningthewindowforme3.will表示规律性的“注定会”Youwillregretforeverifyoulosethechance.如果失去这个机会你会后悔一辈子的考点六 need和dare的用法need和dare既可用作情态动词,也可用作实义动词用作情态动词时,主要用于否定句和疑问句用作实义动词时,可用于各种句式
1.做情态动词Youneednttelephonehimnow.Shedarenotgooutaloneatnight.2.用作实义动词Youdontneedtodoityourself.Thetableneedspaintingtobepainted.Weshoulddaretogiveourownopinion.Hedidnotdaretolookup.可知,空白处填Need答句意为“还需要问吗?当然是蒂姆了”考点七 usedto和would1.表示过去重复、习惯性动作时,usedto可用would代替Hewouldsitatthedoorwaitingforhissoningback.2.usedto强调过去与现在对比,would则没这个意思Heusedtogetupearly.他以前常常起得很早他现在不早起了3.表示过去的状态,只能用usedto,不可以用wouldThereusedtobeatreeinmyyard.考点八 could/might/would/should表委婉的功能—Could/MightIuseyourbiketomorrowmorning—Yesyoucan/may.否定NoImafraidnot.好,你可以用不,恐怕不行不可说Yesyoucould/might.回答允许时,用could/might表委婉是不恰当的—CouldIborrowyourdictionary—Yesofcourseyoucan.Wouldyoudomeafavor考点九 “情态动词+havedone”的用法1.musthavedone此结构常用在肯定句中,表示对过去发生的行为的推测,意为“一定,肯定”其否定或疑问形式用cant,而不用mustntHemusthavebeendrunktosaythat.他准是喝醉了才那样说的2.should+havedone表示本应该做而实际上没有做,其否定式“shouldnthavedone”表示某种行为不该发生却发生了Ithinkheshouldhavetriedtogetmorequalificationsbeforeapplyingforthejob.我认为他在申请这份工作之前应首先努力取得更多的资格证明3.cancould+havedone肯定式表示本来可以做而实际上未能做某事,疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为怀疑或不肯定Youcouldhavetoldmeyouweregoingtobelate.4.maymight+havedone表示对过去将来发生的行为的推测,表示可能干了某事WhoknowswhatwillhappenYoumayevenhavemarriedbythen.谁知道会发生什么呢?到那时你甚至可能已经结婚了5.oughtto+havedone表示过去应做某事而实际未做,其否定式是“oughtnotto+不定式完成式”,此时oughtto可与should换用Whatyououghttohavedoneiscallthepolice.6.neednt+havedone表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事Terencehasdonesolittlework;heneednthavebotheredtoetoschooltoday.特伦斯几乎没做什么功课,他今天其实就不用来学校
二、虚拟语气考点一 虚拟语气用于状语从句中1.虚拟语气用于非真实条件句条件从句主句例句与现在事实相反IfIwe,you,he,she,it,they+动词过去式be的形式一律用wereIwe,you,he,she,it,they+would/should/could/might+动词原形Ifhewereindoorshewouldntfeelsocold.与过去事实相反IfIwe,you,he,she,it,theyhad+过去分词Iwe,you,he,she,it,they+would/should/could/might+havedoneIfyouhadtakenmyadviceyouwouldnthavefailedintheexamination.与将来事实相反A式If+主语+一般过去时B式If+主语+weretodoC式If+主语+shoulddoIwe,do,he,she,it,theywould/should/could/might+动词原形A Ifhewereherethiseveningwewouldplaycards.B IfsheweretomarryJackshewouldbehappy.C Ifsheshouldknowitshewouldtellme.2.虚拟条件句和主句动作如发生的时间不一致,主句和从句的谓语要根据各自所指的不同时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式,这种句子叫做错综时间条件句IfIwereyouIwouldnthavemissedthefilmlastnight.如果我是你,我就不会错过昨晚那部电影了现在→过去Iftheyhadlefthomeinearlymorningtheywouldarriveinhalfanhour.要是他们一大早离开家的话,再过半个小时就该到了过去→将来3.蓄虚拟条件句,有时虚拟条件不用从句,而是通过上下文或用介词短语等表示出来,常用的介词有with,without,butfor等Butforyourhelpwecouldnthavesucceeded.Withoutelectricitylifewouldbequitedifferenttoday.[考题印证]I________tomycousinsbirthdaypartylastnightbutIwasnotavailable.A.wentB.hadgoneC.wouldgoD.wouldhavegone考点二 虚拟语气用于名词性从句中1.用于宾语从句中1wish后面所跟宾语从句中的虚拟语气表示对现在情况的虚拟wish+主语+动词过去式或were表示对过去情况的虚拟wish+主语+had+过去分词表示对将来情况的虚拟wish+主语+would/could+动词原形IwishthatIwereabirdandcouldflyfreelyinthesky.HowIwishIhadlistenedtomyparentsadvice!HowIwishitwerentrainingnow.[考题印证]—Letsplayfootballtogethertomorrowafternoon.—OKbuthowIwishI________itasskillfullyasyou.A.playedB.haveplayedC.hadplayedD.willplay2用于表示建议、愿望、命令等词后的宾语从句中,常见的动词有demand,order,require,insist,suggest,propose,advise等宾语从句中的虚拟语气结构为“should+动词原形”,should可以省略Hesuggestedthatweshouldstartoffearlythenextday.3在wouldrather后的宾语从句中,也用虚拟语气,其结构为wouldrathersb.+Iwouldrathertheydidnthearofthenews.Iwouldratheryouhadnttoldhimthenewsyet.2.用于主语从句中Itisdesired/suggested/proposed/remended/necessary/important/strange/natural/apity/essential+that从句,从句中的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略Itissuggestedthatthemeetingshouldbeputofftillnextweek.Itisstrangethatheshouldhaveactedtowardhisparentslikethat.act在主句谓语动词be之前发生,所以要用“shouldhaveacted”真奇怪他竟然那样对他父母[考题印证]Itsstronglysuggestedthatmeasures________studentstocheatintheexams.A.betakentopreventB.betakentoforbidC.aretakentopreventD.aretakentoforbid3.用于表语从句和同位语从句中在suggestion,proposal,order,plan,idea,request,advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,其构成是“should+动词原形”,should可以省略Myideaisthatweshouldthinkitoverbeforeacceptingit.WeallagreedtohissuggestionthatweshouldgotoDalianforsightseeing.
4.当insist表“坚持说,认为”、suggest表“暗示,表明”、advice表“通知,告知”这些特殊意思时,从句中不用虚拟语气Hispalefacesuggestedthathewasillsohismothersuggestedhegotohospital.Theyadvisedthatthegoodshadarrivedandadvisedweshouldtakethemawayassoonaspossible.考点三 特殊句型中的虚拟语气1.itishigh/abouttimethat...句型中的虚拟语气句型“itishigh/abouttimethat...”后面也可跟虚拟语气,从句中常用过去式有时也用“should+动词原形”,意为“该是……的时候了”Itistimethatwewenthome.Itshightimethatwe________ourselvestoenvironmentalprotectionandecologicalimprovement.A.haedevotedB.devotedC.aredevotingD.haddevoted2.ifonly引导的感叹句中的虚拟语气在“ifonly”引导的感叹句中,要求用虚拟语气,表示愿望用过去时或“would/could/might+动词原形”表示与现在或将来事实相反的愿望;用过去完成时表示与过去事实相反的愿望IfonlyIhadnotbeenilllastweek!3.asif从句中的虚拟语气asif从句中,看语境是否与事实相反而选择是否使用虚拟语气Itlooksasifitsgoingtorain.Thekidtalksasifhewereagrownup.[考题印证]Donthandlethevaseasifit________madeofsteel.A.isB.wereC.hasbeenD.hadbeen。