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2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习《形容词与副词》学案形容词和副词在高考中的考查重点
1.形容词、副词的作用与位置;
①多个形容词作定语排列的顺序
②enough作修饰成分时的位置问题及形容词作后置定语
③形容词作伴随状语和原因状语
2.表语形容词的特点及连系动词+形容词作表语;
3.形容词、副词比较等级的用法;
①原级的用法
②比较级的用法
③最高级的用法
④形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况
⑤由as/so组成的形容词或副词短语
⑥more/lessthan及其相关结构
4.容易混淆的形容词、副词的区别高考例题【xx湖南】
24.Bicyclingisgoodexercise;____itdoesnotpollutetheair.A.neverthelessB.besidesC.otherwiseD.therefore【答案】B【考点】本题考察副词含义辨析【解析】根据句意“骑自行车是一种很好的运动方式,而且又不会造成大气污染”故选B(besides而且,加之,除此以外)词汇副词besides【xx辽宁卷】
22.WeusedtoseeeachotherbutIhaven’theadfromhimsincelastyear.A.especiallyB.regularlyC.particularlyD.approximately【考点】副词词义辨析【答案】B【解析】A项意为“尤其;特别”;B项意为“定期地,经常地”;C项意为“特别,尤其”;D项意为“近似地,大约”根据句意“我们原来经常见面,但从去年我就没再收到过他的信”【xx四川卷】
7.Thehotelisalmostfinishedbutit_____needsoneortwoweekstogetreadyforguests.A.onlyB.alsoC.evenD.still【答案】D【考点】本题考查副词用法【解析】根据句意“这个旅馆差不多竣工了,但仍还要一两周才可以接待客人”选still(仍然,还)【xx北京卷】
28.Manypeoplehavedonatedthattypeofblood;howeverthebloodbankneeds_____.A.someB.lessC.muchD.more【答案】D【考点】形容词考点比较级,根据句意即刻判断合成形容词合成形容词指由几个词共同组成并起到形容词作用的词主要作定语,一般不作表语1数词+名词+形容词aten-metre-wideriver一条十米宽的河afive-year-oldgirl一个五岁的女孩2形容词(或数词)+名词+-edamiddle-agedman一位中年男子afifteen-storeyedbuilding一座十五层的大楼3形容词+V-ing形式agood-lookingman一位英俊的男子aneasy-goingwoman一位随和的女子4名词+V-ed形式aman-madelake人工湖asnow-coveredmountain一座被雪覆盖的山5副词/形容词+V-ed形式awell-knownwriter一位著名的作家anew-bornbaby一个新生儿形容词在句中的作用1作定语作定语时形容词一般放在所修饰词的前面,如果有几个形容词,常按下列顺序排列限定词+序数词、基数词+性质、状态+大小、长短、高低+形状+新旧+颜色+产地、国籍+质地、材料+用途+名词afewbigroundnewblackFrenchwoodentables几张新的大面圆的法国黒木桌子thelastfewunforgettablesunnydays令人难忘的最后几个阳光明媚的日子2作表语作表语的形容词位置比较固定,都在系动词之后Heisverydevotedtohiswife.Herfaceremainedexpressionless.但在表语和动词之间有时可插进别的词Sheremainedparativelycalm.Ifeelalittletired.大多数形容词可作定语和表语,但有些形容词通常只作表语,如afraidalivealoneashamedasleepawarecontentduefondgladilllikelyreadysorrysureunableunlikelywell等3作宾语补足语WholeftthedooropenMartinfoundtheworkslightlydull.4作状语Shecameovereagertohelp.Hearrivedhomehungryandtired.5有时可作同位语和独立成分ThecurrentaffairthebiggestinitshistoryisbeingheldinGuangzhou.Strangetosayhedidpasshisexamafterall.副词在句中的作用
1.作状语ItsnowedheavilylastJanuary.修饰动词Emilygreetedmewarmly.修饰动词Heagreedtoeoverrightaway.修饰非谓语动词Sheisterriblyclever.修饰形容词You’redrivingtoofast.修饰副词SureI’llhelpyou.修饰整个句子
2.作表语大部分与介词同形的副词可用作表语Marywasdownwithaslightfever.Wearebehindinourplan.Imustbeoffnow.还有一些表示位置的副词常用作表语WhenwillyoubebackI’llonlybeawayafewminutes.IsanyonedownstairsyetDennywasstillabroad.
3.副词的其他用法1副词可用作定语Ihopeyou’llenjoyyourstayhere.Thethenheadmasterorderedthesebooks.2副词还可用作宾语补语,构成复合宾语IsawyououtwithyoursisterlastSunday.I’mpleasedtoseeyouback.3副词用于构成动词短语Theflowersgaveoffasweetfragrance.Theydecidedtoputthemeetingoff.意思有别的同根副词close接近地closely仔细地,密切地free免费地freely自由地,无拘无束地hard努力地hardly几乎不late晚,迟lately近来most最,极其mostly主要地high高highly高度地,非常地deep深,迟deeply深深地loud大声地loudly大声地含喧闹之意near邻近nearly几乎形容词副词比较级
1.表示A超过B A+谓语+adj./adv.比较级+than+BMyroomissmallerthanyours.DavedrivesfasterthananyoneIknow.
2.表示A不如B1A+谓语的否定式+adj./adv.比较级+than+B2A+谓语+less+adj./adv.+than+B3A+谓语的否定+soas+adj./adv.+as+BThisbookisn’tbiggerthanthatone.Thisstarislessbeautifulthanthatone.Thisroomisnotas/sobigasthatone.3表示A和B是同等程度A+谓语+as+adj./adv.+as+BDianasingsassweetlyashersister.Shecanrunasfastas20milesanhour.4越……越……the+比较级the+比较级越来越……比较级+and+比较级ThefasterItypethemoremistakesImake.Heplayeditbetterandbetter.5两者中较……的一个the+比较级+of+the+two+名词Thisampleisthebiggerofthetwo.形容词比较级的修饰语可在形容词的比较级前加alotagooddealmuchmanyfarabitalittleslightly等Hisillnessisfarmoreseriousthanwethought.Youlookabithappiernow.也可在比较级前加anynosomeevenstill等DoyoufeelanybettertodayTheirhouseisnobiggerthanours.还可在比较级前加表示数量的词Mysisterishalfaheadtallerthanme.Itwasone-thirdcheaperthanthemarketprice.形容词最高级主要表示“最”,修饰名词,常有一短语与表示比较的范围,前面一般加定冠词the;副词最高级修饰动词,前面都不加theThisisthebestroominthehotel.Hewasthemostdangerouscriminalinthecountry.Thepoorpeoplelivingintownssufferedworst.注在形容词最高级单独用作表语时,定冠词the常可省略IthinkDavid’splanisbest.Eastwesthome’sbest.无比较等级的形容词和副词1表示比较、特殊意义的parativelyrelativelyparticularlyspeciallyfavorite等2表示绝对意义的absolutelyentirelyexcellentlytotallythoroughlywholewholly等3表示大小、极限、主观、上下等意义的extremelymainmajorminorseniorjuniorchiefly等4表示性质特征的economicscientificwoodenearthengolden等5表示独一无二的、形状的、强调的onlymatchlessroundsquareveryownsimplyhardlyscarcely等典型例题
1.Theformcannotbesignedbyanyone____yourself.xx全国IA.ratherthanB.otherthanC.morethanD.betterthan【解析】句意为“这张表格只能由你本人签字”ratherthan而不;otherthan除了,相当于but和except;morethan不仅仅;betterthan比…多、好选B
2.You’dbeexposedtoalot_____pollutionifyoumovedtoatownwithpurewaterandair.xx上海春招A.moreB.mostC.lessD.least【解析】句意为“如果你们搬到空气清新、水质纯净的小镇去,你们受到的污染将会少得多”空格前的alot修饰比较级more或less,根据后面的语意,选C
3.InthatschoolEnglishispulsoryforallstudentsbutFrenchandRussianare_______.xx江苏A.specialB.regionalC.optionalD.original【解析】句意为“在那所学校,英语是学生的必修课,而法语和俄语是选修课”special特别的,特意的;regional地区的,地方的;optional可选择的;original原始的,最初的句中由but进行转折,由此可知法语和俄语不是必修课而是可以选修,所以正确答案为C
7.—HowareyourrecenttriptoSichuan—I’veneverhad___onebefore.xx四川A.apleasantB.amorepleasantC.amostpleasantD.themostpleasant【解析】句意为“——最近你到四川的旅行怎么样?——从来没有这么愉快过”否定词never与amorepleasant连用,表示“非常愉快”,等于最高级themostpleasant是特指,需要有比较的范围,但是这个范围并不存在因此选B
8.ThenewstadiumbeingbuiltforthenextAsianGameswillbe____thepresentone.xx陕西A.asthreetimesbigasB.threetimesasbigasC.asbigasthreetimesD.asbigthreetimesas【解析】句意为“为下一届亚运会而修建的体育馆将会是目前的体育馆三倍大小”表示倍数的词做修饰语时,放在as的前面,即“倍数+as+adj+as”,因此选B
11.—ThefilmisIhavetosaynotabitinteresting.—WhyIt’s____thanthefilmsIhaveeverseen.xx江西A.farmoreinterestingB.muchlessinterestingC.nomoreinterestingD.anylessinteresting【解析】句意为“——我得说,这部电影一点都不令人感兴趣——什么?这可比我看过的电影有趣得多了”程度副词可修饰形容词比较级,放于比较级前根据应答者用“Why”进行的反问,选A巩固练习
1.—Volunteeringisbeing___popularinChina.xx福建—Yeahpeoplearenowawarethathelpingothersishelpingthemselves.A.naturallyB.successfullyC.splendidlyD.increasingly
2.Ittookusquitealongtimetogettotheamusementpark.Itwas_____journey.xx上海A.threehourB.athree-hoursC.athree-hourD.threehours
3.Father______goestothegymwithusalthoughhedislikesgoingthere.xx湖南A.hardlyB.seldomC.sometimesD.never
4.putersandmobilephonesthoughtheyareindeedmakingourlife___andmore___havereducedtheneedforface-to-facemunications.xx江西Aeasily;efficientBeasier;efficientCeasy;efficientlyDeasily;efficiently
5.Mothersholdingjobsoutsidethehomeshouldhave___schedulestomakeiteasiertocarefortheirchildren.xx山东A.heavyB.smoothC.flexibleD.plex
6.Peoplehavealwaysbeen____aboutexactlyhowlifeonearthbegan.xx天津A.curiousB.excitedC.anxiousD.careful
7.Theschoolwasmovedoutofdowntownasthenumberofstudentshadgrowntoo.xx四川A.smallB.fewC.1argeD.many
8.Studiesshowthatpeoplearemore____tosufferfrombackproblemsiftheyalwayssitbeforeputerscreensforlonghours.xx陕西A.likelyB.possibleC.probableD.sure
9.Mr.Blackisveryhappybecausetheclothesmadeinhisfactoryhaveneverbeen____.xx全国A.popularB.morepopularC.mostpopularD.themostpopular
10.Iwasn’tblaminganyone;I____saiderrorslikethiscouldbeavoided.xx湖北A.merelyB.mostlyC.rarelyD.nearly
11.—Whataboutmyanswersir—Sorryit’s_____wrong.A.veryB.fairlyC.ratherD.quite
12.Althoughthecountryhashadpoliticalindependenceforoveracentury_____itstillneedsthesupportofitsneighbors.A.naturallyB.economicallyC.especiallyD.luckily
13.—Iwaswalkingalongthestreetandallofasuddenacarcutinandknockedmedown.—Youcanneverbe_____inthestreet.A.carefulenoughB.enoughcarefulC.verycarefullyD.toocarefully
14.Iprefertotakebusesafter10o’clock;theyare____crowded.A.moreB.lessC.mostD.least
15.Quantitiesofpreciousjewelry_____buried_____intheearth.A.wasfound;deeplyB.werefound;deeplyC.wasfound;deepD.werefound;deep
16.Toallthefamousartist’ssurprisetheunknownwoman’stwo_____paintingsarealsoonshowintheartexhibition.A.littleblueoilB.bluelittleoilC.oilbluelittleD.littleoilblue
17.Joestudyingabroadwas_____toseehisfriendoffattheairport.A.alittlemorethansadB.sadmorethanalittleC.morethanalittlesadD.alittlemoresadthan
18.OnChristmasEveitisthechildrenwhofeel___desiretofallasleepbecausetheywanttoseeSantaClauswiththeirowneyes.A.themostB.moreC.worseD.theleast
19.___anxiousand___relaxedthelearner____theirlanguageacquisition.A.Theless;much;thebetterB.Less;more;betterC.Themore;less;theworseD.More;less;worse
20.I’dliketoseeyouwheneveritis____.A.beautifulB.fortableC.convenientD.acceptable。