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2019-2020年高考英语二轮总复习第11讲名词性从句学案
1.Itisuncertain______sideeffectthemedicinewillbringaboutalthoughabouttwothousandpatientshavetakenit.xx浙江卷A.thatB.whatC.howD.whether 【答案及解析】
1.B 考查主语从句引导词句意这种药将会带来什么样的副作用还不确定,虽然已有大约两千人在吃这种药it为形式主语,______sideeffectthemedicinewillbringabout为真正的主语还原句子themedicinewillbringabout______sideeffect,sideeffect前缺少一个修饰词,故用what
2.—Isthereanypossibility______youcouldpickmeupattheairport—Noproblem.xx浙江卷A.whenB.thatC.whetherD.what【答案及解析】
2.B 考查同位语从句的引导词句意为“你有可能到机场来接我吗?”“没问题”youcouldpickmeupattheairport是possibility的具体内容,故是同位语又因这个从句不缺任何句子成分,故用that引导引导名词性从句的连接词名词性从句相当于名词,可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语因此,名词性从句分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句1.连接代词whowhosewhomwhatwhich有词义,在从句中充当成分,如主语、表语、宾语或定语等2.连接副词whenwherewhyhow有词义,在从句中充当成分,作状语3.连接词thatwhetherifasifthat无词义,在从句中不充当成分,有时可省略;ifwhetherasif虽有词义,但在从句中不充当成分注意名词性从句的语序———陈述语序他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜Howwashesuccessfulisstillapuzzle.×Howhewassuccessfulisstillapuzzle.√主语从句的用法1.主语从句在复合句中作主语如Who_will_goisnotimportant.2.用it作形式主语,主语从句放在句末如Itdoesntmattersomuchwhether_you_will_e_or_not.3.that引导主语从句时,不能省略如That_he_suddenly_fell_ill_last_weekmadeussurprised.表语从句的用法1.表语从句在复合句中作表语,位于系动词之后如Thequestionwaswho_could_go_there.2.引导表语从句的连接词that有时可省去Myideaisthat_we_can_get_more_rades_to_help_in_the_work.宾语从句的用法1.宾语从句在复合句中作宾语引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略如Ihopethateverythingisallright.2.介词之后的宾语从句,不可用which或if连接,要分别用what或whether如Iminterestedinwhetheryouvefinishedthework.同位语从句的用法同位语从句在句中作某些抽象名词的同位语,说明该名词的具体内容这类抽象名词有Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.Thefactthathehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedeverybody.1.whether与if的区别1只能用if的情况
①宾语从句是否定句时,只用if,不用whether如Iwonderifitdoesntrain.
②引导条件从句时,只能用if,而不能用whether如Pleaseetoseemeif_you_have_time.2只能用whether的情况
①用if会引起误解,就要用whether如Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryouwanttogo.此句如果把whether改成if,容易当成条件句理解
②宾语从句中的whether与ornot直接连用,就不能换成if;不直接连用,可换如Idontknowwhether_or_notthereportistrue.Idontknowwhether/_ifthereportistrueornot.
③介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导whether可与不定式连用whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句,还可引导让步状语从句,以上均不能换成if如Itdependson_whetherwehaveenoughtime.Theydontknowwhether_to_gothere.2.名词性从句中主句和从句的主谓一致1主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语,谓语动词用单数2如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时,谓语动词用复数3由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句,谓语动词用单数When_they_will_start_and_where_they_gohavenotbeendecidedyet. When_and_wherethepartywillbeheldhasnotbeendecidedyet.
3.疑问词+ever和nomatter+疑问词的区别1疑问词+ever可引导名词性从句,在主从句中要充当一定的成分如 Whoeverbreakstherulemustbepunished.作主语2疑问词+ever还可引导让步状语从句如Whoeverbreakstherulehemustbepunished.3nomatter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句No_matter_whobreakstherulehemustbepunished.
4.同位语从句和定语从句的区别定语从句是先行词的修饰语,它不涉及先行词的具体内容定语从句中that起连接作用,且充当句子成分,作宾语时可省略同位语从句表明中心词的具体内容that在同位语从句中不作任何成分,只起连接作用,无具体含义,且不可省略如Weexpressedthehopethat_they_had_expressed.定语从句Weexpressedthehopethat_they_would_e_toChina_again.同位语从句
5.it作形式主语的常用句型Itispossible/important/necessary/clear/truethat…很可能/重要的是/必要的是/很清楚/很对……Itissaid/reported/believedthat…据说/据报道……Ithasbeenannounced/declaredthat…已经通知/宣布……Itseems/appears/happens…that似乎/显然、明显/碰巧……Itisnowonderthat…并不奇怪/无疑……Itsapity/ashame/agoodidea/afact/monknowledge众所周知/amonsaying…俗话说……易错易混点。