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SectionⅡ LanguagePointsⅠWarmupLesson1[语言基础自测]Ⅰ.单词拼写根据汉语或首字母提示,写出下列单词1.Sheoncemadeabrief短暂的appearanceontelevision.2.Studentsexpectations期望wereasvariedastheirexpertise.3.Atthetime,whatheddonehadseemedreasonable合理的.4.Itisusualtotip给小费waiters,porters,guidesanddrivers.5.Themajority大多数ofmypatientsetomefromoutoftown.6.Therocksabsorbmoreenergythantheyreflect.7.Whenhegotboredhewanderedaroundthefair.8.Hemadeapublicapologyfortheteamsperformance.9.WeexchangedaddressesandChristmascards.10.Weoweagreatdealtoourparents.Ⅱ.拓展词汇根据词性和汉语提示,写出下列单词1.foggyadj.多雾的→fogn.雾2.tastyadj.美味的→tasten.v.体验;滋味;品尝→tastelessadj.无味的3.briefadj.短暂的,简短的→brieflyadv.短暂地;简洁地,简要地4.apologyn.道歉,认错→apologizevi.道歉,表示歉意5.expectationn.期待的事物,预期→expectvt.期望[寻规律、巧记忆]n.+y→adj.adj.+ly→adv.cloud→cloudy多云的wind→windy多风的hair→hairy多毛的rough→roughly粗糙地quiet→quietly轻轻地silent→silently沉默地Ⅲ.补全短语根据提示补全下列短语1.bebusydoingsth.忙于做某事2.firstofall首先3.getusedto习惯于4.getconfused感到迷惑5.asaresult因此;结果6.inadvance提前7.owesb.anapology欠某人一个道歉8.affordtodo支付得起9.bedifferentfrom不同于10.payfor支付Ⅳ.选词填空用上述短语的适当形式填空1.TheyaskedsomanyquestionsthatIgotconfused.2.Everythingmustbeplannedinadvance.3.Happinesslies,firstofall,inhealth.4.Thecountrycannotaffordtoabsorbtheselosses.5.Tomhasgotusedtoeatingwithchopsticks.[寻规律、巧记忆]get+过去分词→动词短语v.+off→动词短语gethurt受伤getlost迷路getdressed穿衣putoff推迟setoff出发,动身giveoff发出Ⅴ.经典句式仿写背教材原句记句式结构仿写促落实
1.Iwishyourvisitwasntgoingtobesobriefbuttheresalotwecandoandseeinaweek.我真希望您的来访不会这么短,但一周内我们也有许多事情可做,许多地方可参观wish后的宾语从句使用了与现在事实相反的虚拟语气形式我希望我知道世界上的一切IwishIkneweverythingintheworld.
2.ButeventhoughsomeBritishpeoplearequitestrange,themajorityofthemarereallyfriendlyandIvemadesomegoodfriends.虽然有些英国人非常奇怪,但是大多数人都很友好,我已结交了一些好朋友eventhough/if意为“即使,尽管”,用来引导让步状语从句即使坐飞机比坐车和船都贵,但是为了节省时间我还是坐飞机去了那里Eventhough/ifflyingismoreexpensivethanlandandseatravel,Iwenttherebyairtosavetime.[核心要点探究]教材P36Icertainlyoweyouanapologyfornotwritingmoreoften.没有经常给你写信,非常抱歉1owevt.欠情、债等;应把……归功于;应该做,应给予owesb.sth.=owesth.tosb.欠某人某物;把某事归功于某人oweittosb.that/todo...把……归功于;认为应该/有必要为某人做某事owingto因为,由于
①Youoweittoyouroldparentsnottogiveupnow.为了你年迈的父母,你现在不应该放弃
②IoweittoyouthatIhavebeensosuccessful.我这么成功,多亏了你
③ItwasowingowetoJennystimelyhelpthatweacplishedthetaskontime.正是由于Jenny的及时帮助,我们按时完成了任务
④Iowemysuccesstomywife.我的成功要归功于我的妻子2apologyn.道歉,认错1makeanapologytosb.forsth. 因某事向某人道歉offersb.anapology=offeranapologytosb.向某人道歉,致歉acceptonesapology接受某人的道歉2apologizev.道歉,致歉apologizetosb.forsth.因做某事向某人道歉
⑤Theteachermadeasuggestionthatsheshouldmakeanapologytoherdeskmateforherbadbehaviour.=Theteachermadeasuggestionthatsheshouldapologizetoherdeskmateforherbadbehaviour.老师建议她为自己不得体的行为向同桌道歉
⑥Youmustapologizetoyoursisterforbeingbesorude.你太无理了,必须向你姐姐道歉absorbvt.理解,掌握;吸收教材P36Ivejustbeensobusystudyingandtryingtoabsorballthenewthingsaroundme—IthinkImstillexperiencingcultureshock.我一直忙于学习,了解身边的新事物——我觉得自己还在经历着文化上的冲击beabsorbedby... 被……吞并/吸引,为……所吸收absorbonestime占用某人的时间absorbonesattention吸引某人的注意力beabsorbedin...=beburiedin...=belostin...专注于……,聚精会神于……
①Thevideowastotallyabsorbingthechildrensattention.录像完全吸引了孩子们的注意力
②Janelayonthesofa,absorbedabsorbinherbook.简躺在沙发上,专心致志地看书[图形助记] absorb使专心;理解 吸收教材P36Iwishyourvisitwasntgoingtobesobriefbuttheresalotwecandoandseeinaweek.我真希望你的来访不会这么短,但一周内我们也有许多事情可做,许多地方可参观【要点提炼】 本句是主从复合句,主句为Iwish,后面的部分为其宾语从句该宾语从句又是由but连接的并列句,其中wasnt相当于werent,表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气wish后宾语从句用虚拟语气表示一种虚拟愿望其形式如下类型从句谓语动词形式与过去事实相反had+过去分词与现在事实相反过去式be通常用were,有时也可用was与将来事实相反would/should/could/might+动词原形
①Iwishyouwouldntleaveyourclothesalloverthefloor.我真希望你别把衣服丢得满地都是
②IwishIwerebeaseagullflyinghighoverthebluesea.但愿我是一只海鸥高高地飞翔在蓝色的海洋之上
③Iwishshehadsurvivedsurvivetheplanecrash.但愿她从这一空难中活下来expectationn.期待的事物,预期;指望教材P36IdontknowwhatyourexpectationsareofLondon,butknowingthatyouvenevertravelledoutsideofAsia,IthoughtIdtellyouabitaboutwhatyoucanexpecttofind.我不知道您对伦敦有什么期望,但是我知道您从来没有到亚洲以外的地方旅行,所以我想告诉您一些您可能期望找到的东西1inexpectationof 预计;期望beyondexpectation超出预料;没有预料到2expecttodosth.期待做某事expectsb.todosth.期待某人做某事
①Thedogwaggeditstailinexpectationofabone.这条狗摇着尾巴,希望吃骨头
②Theresultisbeyondexpectation.结果出乎意料
③Mywifeistoolazy.Youcannotexpecthertododothehouseworkaswellaslookafterthechildren.我妻子太懒了你不要期望她去做些家务活,也不要期望她去照看孩子asaresult因此,所以;结果教材P36Therearepeoplefromallovertheworldlivinghereandasaresult,therearemanyinternationalrestaurants.这里的人来自世界各地,因此这里有许多国家的餐馆1asaresultof 由于……的结果withtheresultthat因此;从而withoutresult毫无结果;徒劳地2resultfrom因为……产生,发生;由……而造成resultin导致
①Asaresultofvolcanicashclouds,manyflightsinEuropeoncewerecancelled.由于火山灰云团,欧洲的许多航班曾被取消
②Shewasntatschoollastweek,withtheresultthatshemissedanimportanttest.她上周没上学,结果错过了一次重要考试
③Hiscarelessdrivingresultedintheaccident.=Theaccidentresultedfromhiscarelessdriving.他粗心驾驶导致了这次事故getusedto习惯于教材P36Youregoingtohavetogetusedtobaconandeggswithafewslicesoftoastforbreakfastoverhere,AuntMei!梅姨,你得适应这里咸肉、鸡蛋加几片烤面包的早饭!be/getusedtosth./doingsth.习惯于做某事beusedtodosth.被用来做某事usedtodosth.过去常常做某事
①Thoughfar,Iusedtowalktoschool.尽管远,但我过去常常走路上学
②Thisfieldhasbeenusedtoplantplantvegetables.这块地已被用于种植蔬菜了
③IdidntthinkIcouldevergetusedtolivingliveinabigcityafterlivinginthecountry.我觉得我在农村住了之后就无法适应大城市的生活了[语境助记] Iusedtogetuplateinthemorning,butnowIamusedtogettingupearlybecausetheclockisusedtowakemeupontime.我过去常常早晨睡懒觉,而现在我已经习惯早起了,因为闹钟被用来按时把我叫醒[名师点津] get/beeusedto表示由“不习惯”到“习惯于”的过程,意思是“开始习惯于,变得习惯于”,其中to是介词,后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语getconfused弄糊涂教材P36ToavoidgettingconfusedabouttheBritishtippingsystem,youneedtocheckyourbilltoseeifatipisincludedornot.为了避免对英国小费制度的困惑,你要查看账单上是不是包括小费
①Thegirlgothurtonherwaytoschool.这个小女孩在上学的路上受了伤
②Hegotdrunkdrink,soIhavetosupporthimhome.他喝醉了,因此我不得不扶他回家exchangevt.兑换,交换n.交换,交流,互换教材P36Talkingofmoney—itsreallyeasytoexchangetravellerschequesatbanksorhotelssoIadviseyoutogetsomeofthosebeforeyoue.谈到钱——在银行或饭店兑换旅行支票非常容易,所以我建议您来之前准备一些支票1exchangeAforB 把A换成Bexchangesth.withsb.与某人交换某物2inexchangefor...作为……的交换exchangestudent交换生
①Idliketoexchangethisdressforoneinasmallersize.我想把这件衣服换一件小点尺寸的
②Theboygavethegirlanappleinexchangeforabanana.男孩用苹果换女孩的香蕉
③ShallIexchangetheseatwithyou我可以和你换座位吗?[图形助记] exchange交换 兑换教材P36ButeventhoughsomeBritishpeoplearequitestrange,themajorityofthemarereallyfriendlyandIvemadesomegoodfriends.虽然有些英国人非常奇怪,但是大多数人都很友好,我已结交了一些好朋友1【要点提炼】 句中eventhough意为“即使,尽管”,用来引导让步状语从句,可用evenif替换1在evenif/though引导的让步状语从句中,其谓语动词用一般现在时表示将来要发生的动作或存在的状态2asif/though意为“似乎,好像”,引导表语从句或方式状语从句
①Eventhough/ifhemadeanapologytome,Istillfeltupset.尽管他向我道歉了,我仍觉得不高兴
②Evenifitrainsraintomorrow,wewontchangeourplan.即使明天下雨,我们也不会改变计划
③Shelookedasif/thoughthephotographerhadcaughtherbysurprise.看上去,她好像被摄影师搞了个猝不及防2majorityn.大半,大多数;大部分1a/themajorityof... 大多数……beina/themajority构成大多数/大部分by/withamajority以多数2majoradj.主要的;重要的;主修的;较多的n.主修科目;陆军少校vi.主修in3minoradj.较少的;次要的n.辅修科目;未成年人minorityn.少数
④ThewhiteareinthemajorityinAustraliawhilethenativepeopleintheminority.在澳大利亚,白人占多数而土著人反而占少数
⑤Themajoritywas/werebeinfavourofbanningsmokingatthemeetingyesterday.在昨天会议上,大多数人支持禁烟
⑥Themajorityofchildreninourclasshavehavebrowneyes;onlythreehaveblueeyes.我们班大多数孩子是棕色眼睛,只有三个孩子是蓝眼睛
⑦Themajorityofhisadviceisbehelpfultous.他的大部分意见对我们都是很有用处的[名师点津] themajority作主语时,谓语动词可用单数也可用复数,themajorityof则要看其后名词可数与否[解构长句难句]1.Iwishyourvisitwasntgoingtobesobriefbuttheresalotwecandoandseeinaweek.【分析】 该句中but连接两个并列分句在前一个句子中动词wish后跟的宾语从句中省略了引导词that,且从句中用虚拟语气,表示与现在情况相反,故用一般过去时在后一个句子中wecandoandseeinaweek为定语从句,修饰代词alot,从句中省略了关系词that/which【翻译】 我真希望你的来访不会这么短,但一周内我们也有许多事情可做,许多地方可参观2.IdontknowwhatyourexpectationsareofLondon,butknowingthatyouvenevertravelledoutsideofAsia,IthoughtIdtellyouabitaboutwhatyoucanexpecttofind.【分析】 本句是一个由but连接的并列句,在前一分句中包含一个由what引导的宾语从句;后一分句中knowingthatyouvenevertravelledoutsideofAsia是现在分词短语作状语,其后的句子中包括一个省去连接词that的宾语从句,在该宾语从句中又包含一个由what引导的宾语从句【翻译】 我不知道您对伦敦有什么期望,但是我知道您从来没有到亚洲以外的地方旅行,所以我想告诉您一些您可能期望找到的东西[随堂效果落实]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Hisopinionrepresentsthatofthemajoritymajor.2.Theyexchangedvisitingcardswitheachother.3.Ididnthavetimetogetchangedchangebeforetheparty.4.Shewasusedtohavinghaveherordersinstantlyobeyed.5.Iexpectyoutobebeherefromninetofiveattheveryleast.6.Theaccidentresultedinthedeathoftwopassengers.7.Hiswholesoulisabsorbedinsavingsavehiscountry.8.Shewasbusygettinggetreadyforthenextdaystest.9.Iapologizedtothechairmanforbeinglate.10.Thiswatchhasgonewrong.IwishIhadboughtbuyabetterone.Ⅱ.单句改错1.IwishIknowhowtoprogramthenewputer.know→knew2.Themajorityofouremployeesiswomen.is→are3.Thechildrenwaitedpatientlyinexpectationforthemagician.for→of4.Asaresultof,wehavetowaterthevegetablegarden.去掉of5.Shesatonthegroundabsorbinginherstudies.absorbing→absorbedⅢ.完成句子1.我要是去车站送她就好了,但我太忙了HowIwishIhadseenheroffatthestation,butIwastoobusy.2.他的恶行一定会受到惩罚Heisboundtogetpunishedforhisbaddeeds.3.他来时,我正巧忙着写信IthappenedthatIwasbusywritingaletterwhenhecame.4.你很快就会习惯在电动打字机上打字Youwillsoongetusedtotypingonelectrictypewriters.5.虽然我们已经尽力了,但还是输了比赛Evenif/thoughwealltriedourbest,welostthegame.[语法专项突破]动名词和不定式作宾语[自主领悟]先观察原句后自主感悟
①Ivejustbeensobusystudyingandtryingtoabsorballthenewthingsaroundme-IthinkImstillexperiencingcultureshock.
②ImjustsogladyoucanaffordtovisitmeandIrefusetoletyoupayforanythingwhileyourehere!
③ToavoidgettingconfusedabouttheBritishtippingsystem,youneedtocheckyourbilltoseeifatipisincludedornot.
④Ifitisnt,Isuggestleaving10%ofthebillforthewaiterorwaitress-evenabitmoreiftheserviceisgood.
⑤IthinkweshouldconsiderstayingintheEnglishcountrysideforafewnightsasIknowyouenjoyhiking.
1.句
①、句
③、句
④和句
⑤是动名词作宾语
2.句
②是不定式作宾语[精要点拨]
一、动名词作宾语1.英语中有些动词必须接动名词作宾语,这类动词常用的有admit承认;advise建议;allow允许;appreciate感激;avoid避免;consider考虑;delay延迟;deny否认;enjoy喜欢;escape逃避;excuse原谅;finish完成;forbid禁止;forgive原谅;imagine想象;keep保持;mind介意;miss错过;postpone推迟;practise练习;resist抵抗;risk冒险;suggest建议等BillsuggestedholdingameetingonwhattodofortheShanghaiExpoduringthevacation.比尔建议开一个关于假期期间为上海世博会做些什么的会议WouldyoumindgivingusatalktodayaboutDNA能不能请你今天作一个关于DNA的报告?Weonlymissedseeingeachotherbyfiveminutes.我们只因差五分钟而未能见面[名师点津] 这类动词可借助以下口诀来记忆避免错过少延期avoid,miss,postpone建议完成多练习advise/suggest,finish,practise喜欢想象与考虑enjoy/appreciate,imagine,consider承认否定与妒忌admit,deny,envy逃避冒险莫原谅escape,risk,excuse忍受保持不介意stand,keep,mind2.英语中有一些动词短语也常跟动名词作宾语常见的跟动名词作宾语的动词短语有insiston坚持;begoodat擅长;putoff推迟;giveup放弃;feellike想要;beworth值得;canthelp禁不住;befondof喜欢;setabout开始,着手;dependon依赖;cantstand/bear不能忍受;succeedin在……方面成功等Idontthinkweshouldputoffhavingthemeeting.我认为我们不应该推迟开那个会议Idontfeellikecooking.Letseatout.我不想做饭,我们出去吃吧另外,admitto承认;beused/accustomedto习惯于;leadto导致;devote...to献身于;objectto反对;stickto坚持;lookforwardto盼望等短语中的to为介词,接动名词作宾语Wewereused/accustomedtogettingupearlyinthemorning.我们以前习惯早起ProfessorWangdevoteshislifetoprotectinganimals.王教授为保护动物奉献一生[即时演练1] 用所给动词的适当形式填空
①Iwouldntconsidermakingmakethesechanges.
②HeislookingforwardtospendingspendhisholidayinBritain.
③Myfatherinsistedonwalkingwalkhomealthoughwewereverytired.
二、不定式作宾语1.不定式可直接跟在一些动词后作宾语英语中有些动词及短语必须接不定式作宾语,这类动词及短语常用的有afford负担得起;agree同意;attempt尝试,试图;choose选择;decide决定;desire渴望;determine决心;decide决定;expect期望;fail不能;hope希望;intend打算;learn学习;manage设法;offer主动提出;plan计划;pretend假装;promise许诺;refuse拒绝;wish希望;setout着手;wouldlike想做等Icantaffordtowastemoneyoncheapsouvenirs.我不能把钱浪费在那些廉价的纪念品上Iexpecttobebackassoonaspossible.我盼着尽早回来AtlastImanagedtocarryallthoselargeboxesupstairs.最后我总算把那些大箱子都搬上了楼[名师点津] 这类动词可借助以下口诀来记忆同意提出做计划agree,offer,intend,plan要求答应来帮忙demand,ask,promise,help准备决定遭拒绝prepare,decide,refuse敢于选择有希望dare,choose,wish,hope,want,expect不能做到莫假装fail,pretend设法做成决心坚manage,determine2.动词不定式作tell,show,understand,know,explain,teach,learn,advise等动词的宾语时,不定式前面常带疑问词,即构成动词+疑问词how,when,where,what,who+todoHedoesntknowhowtooperatethemachine.他不知道该如何操作这台机器3.在某些动词后,可用it代替不定式短语作形式宾语,然后加宾语补足语,最后加不定式作真正的宾语,构成“主语+动词+it+形容词/名词+todosth.”结构这些动词常见的有find,think,consider,feel,make,believe,judge等Wethinkitourdutytoprotecttheenvironment.我们认为保护环境是我们的职责[即时演练2] 完成句子
①Freddidnthaveanymoney,sohedecidedtolookforajob.弗雷德没有钱了,因此他决定找份工作
②Theymanagedtofinishtheworkontime.他们设法按时完成了工作
③Ifeelitnecessarytohelphim.我觉得有必要帮帮他
三、既可跟不定式作宾语又可跟动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语1.既可接动名词,又可接不定式作宾语的动词有start,begin,continue,like,love,hate等,意思基本没有区别love,like和hate接动名词表示长久的、规律性的好恶,接不定式表示一时的、个别性的好恶Theybeganthrowing/tothrowfurnitureoutofthewindow.他们开始把家具扔到窗子外面去2.以下动词既可接动名词,又可接不定式作宾语,但意思有区别接动名词作宾语接不定式作宾语remember记得过去发生的动作记得将来要做的动作try试着去做、尝试改变努力去做某事regret对做过的事表示后悔对要做的事表示遗憾mean意味着……企图打算做某事goon继续做未完成的事情做完一件事后,接着做另一件forget忘记以前曾做过某事忘记去做某事stop中断正在做的事情中断正在做的事,去做别的事canthelp禁不住做某事不能帮着做某事Illremembertopostyourletter.我会记住把你的信寄走的Idontremembersayingthistohimbefore.我不记得以前对他说过这件事Iforgottotellhimtoe.我忘记叫他来了Illneverforgetseeinghimforthefirsttime.我永远忘不了和他初次见面的情景3.require/need/want作“需要”讲,deserve作“应该”讲时,后跟动名词的主动形式表示被动意义或不定式的被动形式,表示事情需要/应该被做Thefloorneedswashing/tobewashedandyouneedtodoitbeforeFriday.地板需要清洗了,你需要在周五之前做完Theproblemrequiressolving/tobesolvedimmediately.这个问题需要立即予以解决4.worth,worthy,worthwhile后跟非谓语动词的形式Sth.beworthdoing.某事值得被做=Sth.beworthytobedone/ofbeingdone.EverybitofHuangshanMountainsceneryisworthpainting/worthytobepainted/ofbeingpainted.黄山山景处处可以入画5.在动词allow,advise,forbid,permit后面直接跟动名词形式作宾语,如果后面有名词或代词作宾语,其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语即allow/permit/forbid/advisedoingsth.允许/同意/禁止/建议干某事;allow/permit/forbid/advisesb.todosth.允许/同意/禁止/建议某人干某事Heforbidssmokingduringofficehours.他禁止在办公时间抽烟Allowmetocongratulateyouonyourgreatsuccess.让我向你伟大的成功祝贺[即时演练3] 用所给动词的适当形式填空
①EveryhalfanhourMrSmithwouldstoptohavehaveasmoke.
②Yourhouseneedsrepairing/toberepairedrepair.[应用落实]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.ImsorryIforgottobuybuyyoustamps.2.Illneverforgetbeinginvitedinvitetoher18thbirthdayparty.3.Iremembertellingtellherabouthimthatday.4.Trytoremembertoturnturnoffthelightwhenyouleavetheroom.5.Wevehadagoodstart,butnext,moreworkneedsbedone/doingdotoachievethefinalsuccess.Ⅱ.单句改错1.Thequestionisabouthowputitintopractice.how后加to2.Fatherwillnotallowusplayonthestreet.play前加to3.Haveyoufinishedpaintthewindows?paint→painting4.Prof.Smithconsideredgivehisstudentsareadinglistbeforetheystartedthenextchapter.give→giving5.Iprefernotthinkaboutit.think前加to。