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Unit24SocietySectionⅠWarmupLesson1课时语法精讲KESHIYUFAJINGJIANG[语法·预备役] 下面是表示“劝告”的两组表达方式,说出哪组用于书面语,哪组用于口语A.should/oughtto/insist/demand/suggest/itshightimethat...B.Itsabouttimethat.../IfIwereyou.../Idratheryou.../Ithinkyoushould.../Youdbetter...答案A组用于书面语,B组用于口语[语法·讲座]英语中表示“劝告”的书面语和口语表达方式在正式的英语书面语和非正式的英语口语中,常用不同方式来告知人们我们认为他们该做什么
一、英语书面语在进行正式书面表达时,下列表达方式可以强化“建议”注意1suggest作“建议”讲,宾语从句用虚拟语气;若作“暗示,表明”讲,则用陈述语气2insist作“坚持认为、坚持说”讲时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气只有当insist作“坚持要求,坚持应该”讲时宾语从句才用虚拟语气
①TheArabinsistedthathehadneverseenthecamelandthatheshouldnotbepunishedforitslost.那个阿拉伯人坚持说他从未见过那头骆驼,并且坚持自己不该因为骆驼的丢失而受到惩罚
②Janespalefacesuggestedthatshewasillandherfathersuggestedthatsheshouldhaveamedicalexamination.简苍白的脸色表明她生病了,她父亲建议她做一下医学检查⊙强化印证1用所给动词适当形式填空1.Idemandthatoneofyou____________gothereatonce.答案shouldgo2.Itshightimethatyou____________startrightnow.答案shouldstart/started3.Hegaveordersthathismen____________startimmediately.答案shouldstart4.Thedoctorinsistedthathe____________berightandheinsistedthatthepatient____________sendtohospitalatonce.答案was;shouldbesent5.Itssuggestedthatalab____________buildinthisschool.答案shouldbebuilt
二、英语口语跟熟人交谈时用下列表达方式可以使“建议”听上去不生硬,具有试探性IfIwereyouIwould...IfIwereyouIwouldacceptthejobatonce.如果我是你,我会立即接受这份工作Ithinkyoushould...IthinkyoushouldstudyEnglishwellbeforegoingabroad.我认为你在出国之前应该把英语学好Ithinkyououghtto...Ithinkyououghttotellyourhusbandyourepregnant.我想你应该告诉你丈夫你怀孕了
三、用下列方式可以强硬地对某人批评、责怪或提出建议,使用这种方式常具有权威性Iwouldrather...后跟从句,从句用虚拟语气,谓语动词用一般过去时表示当时或将来要做的事,用过去完成时表示过去做的事Idratheryoumetherattheairporttomorrowmorning.我希望你明天早上能到机场去接她Idratheryouhadnttoldhimthenewsthatday.我真希望你那天没有把那个消息告诉他Youdbetter...后跟不带to的不定式否定形式把not放在hadbetter的后面Youdbetterputonmoreclothestoday.今天你最好多穿点衣服⊙强化印证2翻译句子1.是你该刻苦学习的时候啦________________________________________________答案Itsabout/hightimeyoushouldstudyhard/studiedhard.2.如果我是你,我会买这辆车的________________________________________________答案IfIwereyou/WereIyouIwouldbuythiscar.3.你最好立即给她打电话________________________________________________答案Youdbettercallherup/ringher/telephoneheratonce/immediately/rightnow.4.我宁愿你还没告诉她真相________________________________________________答案Iwouldratheryouhadnttoldherthetruth.5.我认为你应该先向他道歉________________________________________________答案Ithinkthatyoushould/oughttoapologize/makeanapologytohimfirst.[考点·研讨]1.Wewouldratherourdaughter____________stayathomewithusbutitisherchoiceandsheisnotachildanylonger.答案研讨stayed 考查虚拟语气句意我们真希望女儿和我们一起呆在家里但这是她的选择,她不再是个孩子了wouldrather...that...句型中,从句谓语动词用虚拟语气形式谓语动词用一般过去时表示当时或将来要做的事,用过去完成时表示过去做的事由句中的两个is可知,应是现在的情况,故用一般过去时判断动词发生的时间是解决这道题的关键
2.—IsAnneingtomorrow—Idontthinkso.Ifshe____________eshewouldhavecalledme.答案研讨weretoe/shoulde 考查虚拟语气句意——Anne明天来吗?——我认为不会如果她来的话,她就会给我打电话了由语境可知,此空是对将来的虚拟,所以用weretodo或shoulddo表示虚拟判断出动词发生在什么时间,是做此题的关键
3.Mymomsuggeststhatwe____________eatoutforachangethisweekend.答案研讨should 句意我妈妈建议我们应该换换口味,这个周末出去吃饭本题考查虚拟语气题干中的suggests是解题的标志词,它后面的宾语从句需用虚拟语气,谓语动词使用shoulddo的形式
4.Eyedoctorsremendthatachildsfirsteyeexam____________attheageofsixmonthsold.答案研讨shouldbe 句意眼科医生建议孩子的第一次眼睛检查应该在六个月的时候进行本题考查虚拟语气动词remend建议后加宾语从句,宾语从句的谓语形式为动词原形或should+动词原形5.ItwasJohnwhobrokethewindow.WhyareyoutalkingtomeasifI________doit答案研讨haddone句意是约翰打坏的窗户,你为什么和我说呢?好像是我打坏的一样本题考查虚拟语气第一句已经说明是John打坏的窗户,所以第二句中asif后面要用虚拟语气,而且是对过去的虚拟,故填haddone[达标·演练]Ⅰ.翻译句子1.如果我是你,我要重新考虑他的建议________________________________________________答案IfIwereyouIwouldreconsiderhisproposal.2.下次你应该更小心才是_________________________________________________答案Yououghtto/shouldbemorecarefulnexttime.3.他们建议立即采取措施_________________________________________________答案Theyadvised/suggestedthatstepsshouldbetakenatonce.4.我认为你应该到大公司去申请一份工作_________________________________________________答案Ithinkyoushould/oughttoapplyforajobinabigpany.5.他们坚持让他立刻开始工作_________________________________________________答案Theyinsistedthatheshouldbegintheworkatonce.6.到了我们去图书馆的时候了________________________________________________答案Itshightimethatwewent/shouldgotothelibrary.7.我宁愿你自己付钱________________________________________________答案Idratheryoupaidthemoneyyourself.8.我希望你昨天来演讲________________________________________________答案Iwishyouhadetothelectureyesterday.9.老师命令所有的孩子准时到这________________________________________________答案Theteacherorderedthatallthestudentsshouldbehereontime.10.你最好在这方面给他一些建议______________________________________________答案Youdbettergivehimsomeadviceonit.Ⅱ.单句语法填空不多于3个单词1.Mikesfatheraswellashismotherinsistedthathe____________stayathome.答案shouldstay insist坚持要求后宾语从句用shoulddo的虚拟形式2.Itwasorderedthatnosmoking____________allowinthelibrarywhichmadethesmokersunhappy.答案shouldbeallowed order“命令”,其后的从句用shoulddo的虚拟形式3.—WherearethechildrenThedinnersgoingtobepletelyruined.—Iwishthey____________notalwayslate.答案werent wish后跟that从句,从句部分采用虚拟语气,与现在事实相反的用一般过去时,与过去事实相反的采用过去完成时本题表示与现在事实相反,所以用一般过去时答语句意为我希望他们不要总是迟到4.Althoughyou____________findbargainsinLondonitsnotgenerallyacheapplacetoshop.答案can 句意尽管有时你可能会在伦敦找到便宜货,但总得说来那不是一个购物的便宜的地方根据句意表示有时可能;有时会……,用can5.GeorgeisgoingtotalkaboutthegeographyofhiscountrybutIdratherhe____________focusmoreonitsculture.答案focused 由句中的isgoingtotalk可知这是对将来的虚拟wouldratherthat结构表示的动作发生在将来时,谓语动词用一般过去时6.Itshightimewe____________stopcuttingdowntherainforests.答案stopped 此题考查“Itishightime...”句型,从句要用虚拟语气,从句谓语用一般过去时7.Theworkersrequestedthattheirworkingconditions____________improve.答案shouldbeimproved 句意工人们要求改善工作条件request后面宾语从句中的动词要用虚拟语气,即should+动词原形,should可省略,且根据句意,应用被动结构8.IfI____________youIwouldstayathomewatching2014FIFAWorldCupinsteadofgoingsummercamping.答案were 句意如果我是你,我会呆在家里看2014世界杯而不是去夏令营由句意可知是对现在情况的虚拟,故用were9.Ifyouareplanningtospendyourmoneyhavingfunthisweekyoubetter____________forgetit—youvegotsomebigbillsing.答案forget better相当于hadbetter,属于情态动词,后接动词原形hadbetterdosth.“最好做某事”10.________betherenomoderntelemunicationswewouldhavetowaitforweekstogetnewsfromaroundtheworld.答案Were句意要是没有现代化的通讯工具,我们要等上几周才能获取世界各地的新闻本题考查虚拟语气根据主句谓语结构wouldhaveto可知设空处表示与现在事实相反的假设,if条件从句谓语应为“动词的过去式”,即Iftherewere...,在虚拟条件句中可以省略if,把were提到句首。