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SectionⅡ LanguagePointsⅠWarmupLesson1[语言基础自测]Ⅰ.单词拼写根据汉语或首字母提示,写出下列单词1.AtfirstSallywasfrightenedofplanes,buttwoyearslater,flyingtoothercountriesonbusinessishermainbusiness.2.Imustapologise道歉fornotbeingabletomeetyou.3.Ihavearrangedthatoneofmystaffwillmeetyouattheairport.4.Thebasiccausesareunknown未知的,althoughcertainconditionsthatmayleadtocancerhavebeendiscovered.5.Theschoolhasonlybeenopenforsixmonths,soitstooearlytoevaluateitssuccess.6.Followthefootpathandyoulleventuallyhittheroad.7.Afterall,IcallsomeonemycousinifsheandIhaveamonancestor祖先.8.Hisheroicdeeds行为werecelebratedineverycornerofIndia.9.Withinthislecture演讲Icannotpretendtodealadequatelywithdreams.10.Sincetheroadsareverybad,thejourneytookusalongtime.Ⅱ.拓展词汇根据词性和汉语提示,写出下列单词1.frightenvt.使惊吓;使害怕→frightenedadj.受惊的;感到害怕的→frighteningadj.令人惊恐的,骇人的2.explorevt.探测;探险;探究→explorern.探险家→explorationn.探险;探测3.persuadevt.说服;劝服→persuasionn.劝说;说服4.apologisevt.道歉→apologyn.道歉Ⅲ.补全短语根据提示补全下列短语1.fillout 填写2.ononesown独自3.longbefore很久以前4.setsail启航5.getintotrouble陷入麻烦,陷入困境6.makeitto到达7.insearchof寻找,寻求8.accordingto根据,依照Ⅳ.选词填空选用上述短语的适当形式填空1.Migrantworkersmovefromcitytocityinsearchofwork.2.Jimisalwaysgettingintotroublewiththelaw.3.Thepoetwantedtowanderthosecountriesonhisown.4.ArewelateDowehaveenoughtimetomakeittoBrementoday5.Sherankedherstudentsaccordingtotheirgrades.v.+-sion→n.in+名词+of→复合短语impression印象conclusion结论expression表情inadvanceof在……之前infavorof支持inchargeof掌管Ⅴ.经典句式仿写1.TheVikingswerethefirstEuropeanstoreachAmerica.北欧海盗是第一批到达美洲的欧洲人[记句式结构]不定式作定语[仿写促落实]他是世界上第一个获得两次诺贝尔奖的人ShewasthefirstpersonintheworldtoreceivetwoNobelPrize.2.Ericsetsailonceagain,thistimewith25ships,ofwhichonly14madeittoGreenland.埃里克再次起航,这次有25艘船与他同行,但只有14艘到达了格陵兰岛[记句式结构]of+关系代词[仿写促落实]这对老夫妇还养了好几条狗,其中一条是黑色的Theyhadseveraldogs,oneofwhichwasblack.3.BiarniwashopingtojoinhisfatherwhowaswithEric,buthewasblownoffcourseandfoundhimselfinanunknownland,fromwhereheeventuallyreachedGreenland.比阿尼希望找到和埃里克在一起的父亲,但是他被吹离了航线,并且发现自己在一个未知的地方,从那里他最终抵达格陵兰岛[记句式结构]find+宾语+宾语补足语[仿写促落实]使她惊奇的是她来到了另外的一个世界Tohersurprise,shefoundherselfinadifferentworld.4.LeiffollowedBiarnisdirectionsandsailedtowhatisbelievedtobethecoastofpresentdayCanada.赖伊夫依照比阿尼的指点,航行到据说是现在的加拿大海岸的所在地[记句式结构]what引导宾语从句[仿写促落实]好的学习者考虑他们擅长什么,他们需要更多地练习什么Goodlearnersthinkaboutwhattheyaregoodatandwhattheyneedtopracticemore.[核心要点探究]教材P8TheVikingswerethefirstEuropeanstoreachAmerica.北欧海盗是第一批到达美洲的欧洲人【要点提炼】 句中不定式短语toreachAmerica作后置定语,修饰thefirstEuropeans当中心词是序数词或被序数词修饰时,常用不定式短语作后置定语英语中常用不定式作后置定语的情况1被修饰词为序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时;2不定代词something,nothing,little等后常用不定式作定语;3抽象名词time,way,reason,chance,ability,courage,opportunity,wish等后常用不定式作定语;4被修饰词前有theonly,thevery,thenext等词对其进行修饰时;5表示将要发生的动作时既有主动形式,也有被动形式;6therebe句型中,作主语的名词后可接不定式作定语
①Youaretheonlypersontodothejob.你是做这项工作的唯一人选
②Thereisnothingtoworryworryabout.没什么可担心的
③Volunteeringgivesyouachancetochangechangelives,includingyourown.志愿者工作给了你改变生活的机会,包括你自己的教材P8TheyachievedthislongbeforeColumbuseversetsail.早在哥伦布起航之前,他们就已经到达那里了【要点提炼】 longbeforeColumbuseversetsail是时间状语从句longbefore表示“很久以前”,可将其视为介词、连词或副词Itwaslongbefore...过了很久才……Itwasnotlongbefore...没过多久就……Itwillnotbelongbefore..要不了多久就会……Itwillbelongbefore...要过很久才……
①Itwillnotbelongbeforetheresultsareannounced.要不了多久就会公布结果
②Itwasnotlongbeforemymothercameback.没过多久妈妈就回来了setsail起航教材P8In982AD,whenamancalledErictheReddecidedtosetsailfurtherwest,therewereasmanyas10,000VikingslivinginIceland.公元982年,一个叫埃里克·雷德的人决定向西远航,当时,在冰岛上居住的北欧海盗多达10000人setabout着手,开始做setoff出发,启程,引起,使炸弹等爆炸setout出发,开始做setaside节省,保留setup建立,树立setdown写下,放下setfree释放
①Trytosetasidesometimeeverydayforexercise.每天设法留出点时间锻炼
②Illsetoff/outearlytoavoidthetrafficjams.我要早些出发以避免交通拥堵
③Theywanttosetuptheirownpany.他们想成立自己的公司[名师点津] setabout表示“开始做某事”时,后跟动名词作宾语;setout表示“着手/开始做某事”时,后跟不定式作宾语getintotrouble陷入麻烦;陷入困境教材P8AccordingtotheoldstoriesofIcelandandNorway,ErictheRedwasforcedtoleaveIcelandbecausehehadmittedamurder,forwhichhegotintotrouble.根据冰岛和挪威的传说,埃里克·雷德因一起谋杀案而被迫离开冰岛beintrouble 有麻烦,有困难,出事ask/lookfortrouble 自找麻烦,自寻烦恼maketroubleforsb. 给某人制造麻烦/捣乱getsb.outoftrouble 使某人摆脱困境getsb.intotrouble使某人陷入困境havetroubleindoing/withsth.做某事有困难
①Manycollegestudentshavetroubleindealingdealwithrealities.很多大学生在如何应付现实生活上存在困难
②Doasyouretold,oryoullbeintrouble.叫你怎么做就怎么做,否则你会有麻烦的
③Theteachertookthetroubletolearnlearnallournamesonthefirstday.第一天老师就努力地记住我们所有人的名字persuadevt.说服;劝说教材P8HepersuadedsomepeopletogobackwithhimtoGreenland.他说服一些人与他一起回到了格陵兰岛persuadesb.todosth./intodoingsth.说服某人做某事persuadesb.nottodosth./outofdoingsth.说服某人不做某事persuadesb.ofsth.使某人信服某事persuadesb.that...使某人相信……
①Howcanwepersuadehimtojoin/intojoiningus怎么说服他参加我们的活动呢?
②Shepersuadedherdaughternottosmokesmoke.她说服女儿不要抽烟
③Hepersuadedmeofhishonesty.=Hepersuadedmethathewashonest.他使我相信他的诚实makeitto到达教材P8Ericsetsailonceagain,thistimewith25ships,ofwhichonly14madeittoGreenland.埃里克再次起航,这次有25艘船与他同行,但只有14艘到达了格陵兰岛makeit成功;出席,到场;约定时间;成功到达makethemostofsth.充分利用某物makeout看清;理解;声称makeup编造,虚构;给……化妆makeupfor补偿;弥补
①DengYapingwasoncetoldshehadnotalentintabletennisandwouldnevermakeitasatabletennisplayer.邓亚萍曾被告知她没有打乒乓球的天赋,做一名乒乓球运动员永远也无法获得成功
②Threedoctorsandfivenursesmadeupthemedicalteam.三名医生和五名护士组成了这个医疗队insearchof寻找;寻求教材P8NotlongafterErictheRedhadlandedinGreenland,amancalledBiarnisetsailfromIcelandinsearchofEricsparty.埃里克·雷德登上格陵兰岛后不久,一个叫比阿尼的人就从冰岛起航寻找埃里克一行人inthe/onessearchfor 寻找searchsb./sp.搜身/搜查某个地方searchsb./sp.forsth.为找某物而搜身搜查某个地方searchfor=lookfor寻找
①Hesearchedhispockets,butfoundnothing.他翻遍了自己的口袋,什么也没有找到
②Hesearchedhispocketsforhiskeys.他翻遍了口袋找钥匙[语境助记] ThecustomsweresearchingfordrugswhenIcamethroughtheairport.Theysearchedeverybodysluggageforthem,andtheysearchedthemaninfrontofmefromheadtofoot.我经过机场时,海关人员正在搜查毒品他们检查每个人的行李,并且把我前面那个人从头到脚搜了一遍教材P8LeiffollowedBiarnisdirectionsandsailedtowhatisbelievedtobethecoastofpresentdayCanada.赖伊夫依照比阿尼的指点,航行到据说是现在的加拿大海岸的所在地【要点提炼】 whatisbelievedtobethecoastofpresent-dayCanada为介词to的宾语,由what引导,what在宾语从句中作主语what作连接代词的用法引导名词性从句的what,可在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语1具有疑问代词性质的what,意为“什么,什么样的”2在名词前表示感叹的what,意为“多么”3具有关系代词性质的what,意为“……的……”what在此相当于“the+名词+that”或者“allthat”,既包含了先行词也包含了关系代词
①Iwillneverforgetwhattheexperiencehasreallytaughtme.Sacrificespayoffintheend.我永远不会忘记这次经历教给“我”的东西,做出的牺牲最终得到了回报what在宾语从句中作宾语
②OnlythendidIrecognizewhatsillymistakesIhadmade.在那时我才意识到我犯了多么愚蠢的错误what在宾语从句中作定语
③Policehavefoundwhatappearstobethelostancientstatue.警察找到可能是丢失的古代雕像的物品what在宾语从句中作主语
④Chinaisnolongerwhat=theChinathatitusedtobe.中国再也不是以前的中国了what在表语从句中作表语apologisevi.道歉美式英语拼写作apologize教材P9MrJohnsonapologisedforthemistake.约翰逊先生因为他犯的错误而道歉1apologisetosb.fordoingsth. 因为做某事而向某人道歉2apologyn.道歉makeanapology道歉make/offeranapologytosb.fordoingsth.因为做某事而向某人道歉
①Iapologisedtoherforsteppingonherfeet.=Imadeanapologytoherforsteppingonherfeet.我因踩到她的脚而向她道歉
②Ihavetoapologisetoyouformyrudeness.我为我的无礼向你道歉frighteningadj.令人惊恐的;骇人的教材P115Butitcanbefrighteningwhentheweatherisbad.但是,天气不好的时候很令人惊恐1frightenv. 使惊恐,使害怕frightensb.intooutofdoingsth.吓得某人不做某事2frightenedadj.感到害怕的befrightenedat...听到……吓了一跳befrightenedofsb./sth.害怕某人/某事
①Theyfrightenedtheoldladyintosigningsignthepaper.他们恐吓那位老太太,使她签了字据
②DontbefrightenedfrightenofmakingmistakeswhenyouspeakEnglish.讲英语时别害怕犯错误[名师点津] 由过去分词或现在分词转化来的形容词,是分词形容词这些词已失去了动词的性质,大多数可被副词very或too修饰,有的还有比较级和最高级,故称为分词形容词v.ing形式,意为“令人……的”,多指事物;v.ed形式,意为“感到……的”,多用于指人[随堂效果落实]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Hewillbepunishedaccordingtotheseriousnessofhiscrime.2.Whenhecametolife,hefoundhimselftiedtietoatree.3.—Imthinkingofthetesttomorrow.ImafraidIcantpassthistime.—Imsureyoullmakeit.4.Theythoughtthethunderwasveryfrighteningfrighten.5.Heapologisedfornotingetotheparty.6.Dontletyourselfbepersuadedintobuyingbuythingsyoudontreallywant.7.Accordingtotheweatherforecastitwillraintomorrow.8.Creatinganinterestinwhattheylearn.9.Hemadeapublicapologyapologizefortheteamsperformance.10.Wehadtroublepersuadingpersuadehimtoewithus.Ⅱ.单句改错1.IhavetriedmybesttodothatIcantohelphim.that→what2.Itwillbethreeyearsafterthesepeachtreesbegintobearfruit.after→before3.Americanstudentshadtroubleusethechopsticks.use→using4.Iamgladwewereabletomakeitthetheatreontime.it后加to5.Theexplorerssearchedthesourceoftheriver.searched后加forⅢ.完成句子1.吉姆是第一个被提问的人Jimisthefirstpersontobeasked.2.要不了多久,我们就能把这种害虫消除干净Itwontbelongbeforewecanberidofthepestaltogether.3.很久以前,当生活不同于今天的生活的时候,人们可能更诚实Peoplewereperhapsmorehonestalongtimeagowhenlifewasverydifferentfromwhatitistoday.4.中华文化早在几千年以前就走向了世界Chineseculturehasmadeittotheworldthousandsofyearsago.5.他由于迟到而向观众致歉Heapologisedtotheaudienceforbeinglate.[语法专项突破]定语从句Ⅱ先观察原句后自主感悟
①Byaround900AD,thereweremanyplacesinNorthernEuropewheretheVikingschosetolive.
②EricreachedGreenlandanddiscoveredthatpeoplecouldliveintheplacewherehelanded.
③Ericsetsailonceagain,thistimewith25ships,ofwhichonly14madeittoGreenland.
④BiarniwasthemanwithwhomLeifdiscussedhisplans.
1.
①②句的先行词分别为theplace;manyplaces,关系副词都是where
2.
③④句的先行词分别为25ships;theman,关系代词前均有介词[精要点拨]Ⅰ.关系副词引导的定语从句当先行词在定语从句中作状语时,通常要用关系副词引导定语从句常用的关系副词有when,where和why
一、关系副词when1.when引导的定语从句的先行词往往是表示时间的名词,如time,day,hour,month,year,在从句中作时间状语2.when既可以引导限制性定语从句,又可以引导非限制性定语从句3.关系副词when常可用“介词+which”来代替Illneverforgetthedayswhenwestayedinthecountryside.我永远忘不了我们在乡下待过的日子when引导限制性定语从句,可用onwhich代替Intheolddays,whenourcountrywasnotsostrong,peasantslivedahardlife.在过去,我们的国家还没有这么富强的时候,农民们过着苦日子when引导非限制性定语从句,可用inwhich代替
二、关系副词where1.where引导的定语从句的先行词往往是表示地点的名词如place,room,house,spot,school,country等,在从句中作地点状语Theywentintothehallwherethemeetingwasbeingheld.他们走进正在开会的大厅2.where可以引导非限制性定语从句OppositeisSt.PaulsChurch,whereyoucanhearsomelovelymusic.对面是圣保罗大教堂,在那里你可以听到一些美妙的音乐3.关系副词where常可用“介词+关系代词”构成的表示地点的介词短语代替Japanistheplacewhereinwhichearthquakesfrequentlyhappen.日本是地震频繁爆发的地方Theofficewhereatwhichheworksisnotfarfromhere.他工作的办公室离这儿不远4.where引导定语从句和状语从句的区别引导定语从句时,where是关系副词,在从句中作地点状语,其前有表示地点的名词作先行词,从句修饰先行词;引导状语从句时,where是从属连词,从句修饰主句的谓语动词,where前面没有表示地点的名词Hesgothimselfintoadangeroussituationwhereheislikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.定语从句他使自己陷入了一种危险的情况,他很可能会失去对飞机的控制Whenyoureadthebook,youdbettermakeamarkwhereyouhavequestions.状语从句读这本书的时候,你最好在有疑问的地方做一下标记
三、关系副词why1.why引导的定语从句的先行词往往是表示原因的名词,如reason,excuse,explanation,在从句中作原因状语2.关系副词why常可用“介词for+which”来代替[名师点津]why不能引导非限制性定语从句在非限制性定语从句中,先行词是reason,关系副词在定语从句中作状语时,应该用forwhich引导Thereasonwhyhewasabsentsoundsreasonable.他缺席的原因听起来很合理why引导限制性定语从句,可用forwhich代替Canyoubelievehisreasonwhyhedidntattendthemeetingyesterday?你能相信他昨天没来开会的理由吗?why引导限制性定语从句,可用forwhich代替[即时训练1] 关系副词填空1.Betweenthetwopartsoftheconcertisaninterval,whentheaudiencecanbuyicecream.2.Thedaysaregonewhenphysicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.3.Theyhavereachedthepointwheretheysplitup.4.Hewrotealetterwhereheexplainedwhathadhappenedintheaccident.5.Thereasonwhyheresignedisknowntous.6.Thereasonthatheexplainedisreasonable.Ⅱ.“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句1.“介词+which”在定语从句中充当时间、地点、原因状语,相当于关系副词when,where和why上面已讲述2.“介词+which/whom”在定语从句中充当目的、方式状语ThisisthepilotforwhomIboughtacamera.这就是我为他买了一部相机的那个飞行员3.“介词+which/whom”在含有被动语态的定语从句中作状语,表示动作的执行者Thetigerbywhichtheharewaseatenwasstillhungry.吃了野兔的那只老虎还是很饿4.“名词/数词+of+which/whom”在定语从句中作主语,其中“名词+of+which/whom”=“whose+名词”YesterdayIvisitedmyoldfriendLiPing,thechildrenofwhom=whosechildrenareabroad.昨天我去拜访了我的老朋友李平,他的孩子在国外Thisisthehouse,thewindowsofwhich=whosewindowsfacetothesouth.这就是那座房子,它的窗户朝南5.“介词+whose”作定语,修饰其后的名词Thebossinwhosepanymyfatherworkedwasakindperson.我父亲工作过的那个公司的老板是个和善的人6.介词的选取
①根据定语从句中的谓语动词与介词的习惯搭配确定介词该动词与介词搭配构成动词短语Isthisthecarforwhichyoupaidahighprice这就是你花高价买的车吗?payforsth.
②根据定语从句中的形容词与介词的习惯搭配确定介词该形容词与介词搭配构成形容词短语Hebroughttheresultwithwhichthebosswassatisfied.他带来了让老板非常满意的结果besatisfiedwith
③根据先行词与介词的习惯搭配确定介词先行词往往是表示时间、地点、原因、方式等的词,它与介词之间有一定的联系Doyoustillrememberthedayonwhichwemetforthefirsttime?你还记得我们第一次见面的日子吗?ontheday
④根据句子的意思确定介词有些句子的先行词完全一样,定语从句中的谓语动词与介词也不能构成固定的动词短语,这时,需要根据句子所要表达的意思选用不同的介词Thisisthepilotwithwhommybrotherhasworkedfortenyears.这就是和我弟弟一起工作了十年的那位飞行员[即时训练2] 介词填空1.Hestoodnearthewindowthroughwhichhecouldseethesmallriver.2.Inthedarkstreet,therewasntasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.3.Doyoustillrememberthedaysduringwhichweworkedtogether4.Thisisthepilotbywhommysonwassaved.[应用落实]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Thereasonwhich/thatheexplainedforhisbeinglatewasthathisalarmclockdidntwork.2.Lifeislikealongracewherewepetewithotherstogobeyondourselves.3.IoftenhavethecasewhereIcantrecognisemyfriendsvoiceonthephone.4.ThequestionswereallonoperasubjectaboutwhichIknownothing.5.Rememberthatthereisstillonepointthatwemustmakeclearattheconferencetomorrow.6.Somepicturesoftheriverbroughtthedaysbacktotheoldwhentheyswaminit.7.Inasportsteameachplayerhasaclearrole,andtherearefewoccasionswhenmembersareconfusedoruncertainoftheirroles.8.Asurveywascarriedoutonthedeathrateofnewbornbabiesinthatarea,theresultofwhichweresurprising.9.Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%ofwhicharesoldabroad.10.Manycountriesarenowsettingupnationalparkswhereanimalsandplantscanbeprotected.Ⅱ.单句改错1.ThisisthetownwhichIwasborn.which→where或which前加in2.IllneverforgetthedayswhenIspentwithyou.when→that或which3.Thatsthereasonwhyheexplainedtous.why→that4.YesterdaywevisitedtheWestLakewithwhichHangzhouisfamous.with→for5.WedbetterfixadateinwhichwewillpracticespeakingEnglishnextweek.in→on。