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非谓语动词学员姓名年级九年级辅导科目英语学科教师授课日期授课时段0800-10:00授课主题非谓语动词教学内容课前回顾单词默写作业讲解知识梳理知识点1非谓语动词
一、动词不定式(重点)
1、结构及特征动词不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”,有时可以不带to动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能作谓语,但可以担任除谓语外的任何成分——主语、表语、宾语、状语和宾语补足语,所以我们又称之为非谓语形式动词不定式仍保留动词的特点,即它可以有自己的宾语和状语
2、动词不定式的用法动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语1) 作主语 例如TolearnEnglishwellisnoteasy.或 ItisnoteasytolearnEnglishwell. 【说明】动词不定式作主语时,往往用it作形式主语,这种句型可归纳为下面的句型 Itis+adj.+动词不定式 如果要说明不定式表示的动作执行者,可以用for+sb. Itis+adj.+forsb.Todosth.辨析Itsforsb.和Itsofsb.A.forsb.常用于表示事物的特征特点,表示客观形式的形容词,如easyharddifficultinterestingimpossible等 Itsveryhardforhimtostudytwolanguages.对他来说学两门外语是很难的B.ofsb的句型一般用表示人物的性格,品德,表示主观感情或态度的形容词,如goodkindnicecleverfoolishright Itsveryniceofyoutohelpme.你来帮助我,你真是太好了【说明】for与of的辨别方法 用介词后面的代词作主语,用介词前边的形容词作表语,造个句子如果道理上通顺用of,不通则用for如Youarenice. 通顺,所以应用ofHeishard. 人是困难的,不通或者:Tostudytwolanguagesishardforhim因此应用for2)作表语 Mywishistobeeateacher.补充常见可用不定式做表语的名词(ambition、job、dream、wish、way、aim)3)作宾语 Mostofusliketowatchfootballmatches.补充当谓语动词为think、find、believe等动词时,常用it做形式宾语,不定式todo为该句的真正宾语常构成以下句型(sbthink/find/believe+it+adi+todosth)4)作宾语补足语 Hetoldmetobehereontime.5)作定语 Ihavenothingtosayaboutthatthing.6)作状语 Hestoppedtohavealook.补充对作状语的不定式todo提问,用疑问代词why【说明】动词不定式的否定形式not+to+动词原形构成 例如Heaskedmenottomakesuchamistake.
3、不定式的否定形式Tellhimnottoshutthewindow… 典型例题Tellhim___thewindow. A.toshutnot B.nottoshut C.tonotshut D.notshut 答案B.tellsbtodosth的否定形式为tellsbnottodosth.
4、动词不定式与疑问词连用疑问词whowhatwhich和疑问副词whenwherehowwhy等后面可以按动词不定式,构成动词不定式短语,可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分例如1Hedoesn’tknowhowtousethemachine. 不定式作宾语 2Howtousethemachineisaquestion.不定式作主语 3Thequestioniswhentogothere.不定式作表语
5、省to的动词不定式1)使役动词lethavemake2)感官动词seewatchlookatnoticehearlistentosmellfeelfind等后作宾补,省略to注意在被动语态中则to不能省掉 A.Isawhimdance. =Hewasseentodance. B.Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight. =Theyweremadetoworkthewholenight.3)wouldrather,hadbetter+do【难点】
6、不定式的特殊句型1)too…to…太…而不能…Heistooexcitedtospeak.2)enoughtodo足以做…Thechildisoldenoughtogotoschooll.3)soasnottodo/inordernotto:表示目的Goinquietlysoasnottowakethebaby.
7、不定式的难点用作介词的“to”lookforwardto渴望;payattentionto注意;be/getusedto习惯等等
二、动词的-ing形式 1.动词的-ing形式用作动名词动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式,由动词原形加-ing构成,它在句中起名词的作用,可以在句子中用作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补语、状语和定语1动名词作主语Walkingisgoodexercise.走路是很好的运动2)动名词作表语Myfavoritesportisswimming.我最喜欢的运动是游泳3) 动名词作宾语Jimdislikeseatingchocolate.吉姆不喜欢吃巧克力Shecan’thelpcryingatasadmovie.她看了忧伤的电影禁不住要哭【说明】有些动词和动词短语后只能接动名词作宾语例如admitfinishforgivegiveupmindpractisebegoodatdowellincanthelpkeeponfeellikebeusedtolookforwardtopreferto等【记忆口诀】“LepmKFCAD”lookforwardto、enjoy、practice、mind、keep、finish、cinsider、Admit、deny2.动词的-ing形式用作现在分词-ing分词通常用作宾语补足语,表示动作正在发生或者正在进行这种用法通常用在下列动词中seehearfindsmellwatchfindlistentolookatnoticeobserve例如1)TherewefoundhimwatchingTV.我们发现他在那儿看电视2)Iheardsomeoneknockingatthedoor.我听见有人在敲门3.比较1)共同点动词不定式结构和动词的-ing形式都被称之为非谓语结构,因此它们一般都可以放在句中除了谓语之外的其他位置2)区别
①动词不定式的基本含义是表示谓语动词后面的动作还未发生,此外,若谓语动词后面的动作发生过了也用不定式,而-ing分词的基本含义一般则表示动作正在发生或进行
②动名词的基本用法是该结构用在及物动词或介词之后构成动宾短语或介宾短语3)接不定式或动名词,意义相同begintodobegindoingstarttodostartdoing4)动名词与不定式语义不同A.stoptodo stopdoing B.forgettodo forgetdoing C.remembertodo rememberdoing D.trytodo trydoing E.goontodo goondoing F.continuetodocontinuedoing随堂练习
1.Thefirsttextbooks_______forteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury. A.havingwrittenB.tobewritten C.beingwrittenD.written
2.—Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionatthemeeting. —WellnowIregret_______that. A.todoB.tobedoingC.tohavedoneD.havingdone
3.Weagreed_______herebutsofarshehasn’tturnedupyet. A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet
4.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreetbuthismothertoldhim_______. A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotdo
5.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade_______.Healwaysworkshard. A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning
6._______inthoughthealmostranintothecarinfrontofhim. A.LosingB.HavinglostC.LostD.Tolost
7.Thepatientwaswarned_______oilyfoodaftertheoperation. A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating
8.TheOlympicGames_______in776B.C.didnotincludewomenplayersuntil
1912. A.firstplayingB.tobefirstplayed C.firstplayedD.tobefirstplaying
9.Iwouldlove_______tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport. A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone
10.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries_______itthemostpopularsportintheworld. A.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomake
11.WhenIgotbackhomeIsawamessagepinnedtothedoor_______“Sorrytomissyou;willcalllater.” A.readB.readsC.toreadD.reading
12.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier_______itmoredifficult. A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake
13.Robertissaid_______abroadbutIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin. A.tohavestudiedB.tostudy C.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying
14.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee_______thenextyear. A.carriedoutB.carryingoutC.carryoutD.tocarryout
15._______suchheavypollutionalreadyitmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver. A.HavingsufferedB.Suffering C.TosufferD.Suffered
16.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouplebutitremains_______whethertheywillenjoyit. A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen
17.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce_______nothingcanbedonetochangeit.A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun
18.ItissaidthatinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows_______. A.itwhattodowithB.whattodoitwithC.whattodowithitD.todowhatwithit
19.Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound_______inthekitchen. A.smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smoked
20.Shelooksforwardeveryspringto_______theflower-linedgarden. A.visitB.payingavisitC.walkinD.walkingin
21.WhenIhandedthereporttoJohnhesaidthatGeorgewastheperson_______. A.tosendB.forsendingitC.tosendittoD.forsendingitto
22.—WhatdoyouthinkmadeMarysoupset —_______hernewbike. A.AsshelostB.LostC.LosingD.Becauseoflosing
23.Theladysaidshewouldbuyagiftforherdaughterwiththe_______. A.20dollarsremainedB.20dollarstoremain C.remained20dollarsD.remaining20dollars
24.Therearefivepairs_______butI’matalosswhichtochoose. A.tobechosenB.tochoosefrom C.tochooseD.forchoosing
25._______in1636HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates. A.BeingfoundedB.Itwasfounded C.FoundedD.Founding
26.Fishingishisfavoritehobbyand_______. A.he’dliketocollectcoinsaswellB.hefeelslikecollectingcoinstoo C.tocollectcoinsisalsohishobbyD.collectingcoinsalsogiveshimgreatpleasure
27.Findinghercarstolen_______. A.apolicemanwasaskedtohelpB.theareawassearchingthoroughly C.itwaslookedforeverywhereD.shehurriedtoapolicemanforhelp
28.Inordertogainabiggershareintheinternationalmarketmanystate-runpaniesarestriving_______theirproductsmorepetitive. A.tomakeB.makingC.tohavemadeD.havingmade
29.Though_______moneyhisparentsmanagedtosendhimtouniversity. A.lackedB.lackingofC.lackingD.lackedin
30.Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecars_______roadconditionsneed_______. A.that;tobeimprovedB.which;tobeimproved C.where;improvingD.when;improving
31.Thediscoveryofnewevidenceledto_______. A.thethiefhavingcaughtB.catchthethief C.thethiefbeingcaughtD.thethieftobecaught
32._______thegeneralstateofhishealthitmaytakehimawhiletorecoverfromtheoperation. A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Havinggiven
33.Thepicture_______onthewallispaintedbymynephew. A.havinghungB.hangingC.hangsD.beinghung
34.Sandycoulddonothingbut_______tohisteacherthathewaswrong. A.admitB.admittedC.admittingD.toadmit
35.MrReedmadeuphismindtodevoteallhehadto_______someschoolsforpoorchildren. A.setupB.settingupC.havesetupD.havingsetup
36._______lateintheafternoonBobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Having
37.Withalotofdifficultproblems_______thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime. A.settledB.settingC.tosettleD.beingsettled
38.InsomepartsofLondonmissingabusmeans_______foranotherhour. A.waitingB.towaitC.waitD.tobewaiting
39.Inordertomakeourcitygreen_______. A.itisnecessarytohaveplantedmoretreesB.manymoretreesneedtoplant C.ourcityneedsmoretreesD.wemustplantmoretrees
40.—Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthepanyandthecustomers —Thekey_______theproblemistomeetthedemand_______bythecustomers. A.tosolvingmakingB.tosolvingmade C.tosolvemakingD.tosolvemade
41.Theteacheraskedus_______somuchnoise. A.don’tmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake
42._______timehe’llmakeafirst-classtennisplayer. A.HavinggivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Given
43.Helookedaroundandcaughtaman_______hishandintothepocketofapassenger.A.put B.tobeputting C.toput D.putting 答案详解:
1.D表示“被动、完成”用过去分词作定语
2.Dregretdoingsth表示对已经发生的事感到“后悔”;regrettosay/tell/inform/announce用以报告令人不快之事,表示对将要说的话感到“遗憾、抱歉”,主语通常是I/weregret用一般现在时
3.Cagree只能接不定式,在谓语动之后发生,用一般式,选C
4.A根据句型tellsbnottodosth,排除C和D;当不定式的动词是前面已出现过的相同的动词时,为避免重复,通常省略to后的内容,只保留to所以只有A对
5.Bmakesbdosth的被动式为sbbemadetodosth某人被迫做某事
6.C考查过去分词作状语Lostinthought=Ashewaslostinthoughtbelostinthought沉思是固定搭配;这类习惯表达还有becaughtintherain遭雨淋bedressedinred穿着红衣beseated就座等
7.C本句是warnsbnottodosth的被动式
8.C因TheOlympicgames与play是被动关系,排除A和D;不定式的被动式,表示未来的动作,排除B表示“被动、完成”,用过去分词
9.Bwouldlove/like后面只能接不定式,排除C和D表示过去未曾实现的愿望,后接不定式完成式,故选B
10.A现在分词作结果状语
11.D句中read意为“有某字样”,amessagepinnedtothedoor意为“钉在门上的一张纸条”,amessage与read是主动关系,因此用现在分词
12.B考查非谓语动词的结构平衡性nottomakeitmoredifficult是与tomakeiteasier形成对比的否定结构,两者在句中作表语
13.A由studied可知,他曾到国外留过学,“留学”这个动作已结束并发生在谓语动作issaid之前,所以要用完成式
14.A此句结构复杂句中的that引导一个定语从句,它代表theplan并在从句中作see的宾语,theplan与carryout是被动关系,因此,用过去分词作宾补即卻eetheplancarriedoutthenextyear.
15.A句意为“这条河已经遭受如此严重的污染,现在要想清理也许为时已晚了”suffer发生在cleanup之前,且有already暗示,无疑要用现在分词的完成式作状语
16.Bremain作“尚需”解,要接不定式作表语,see与it形式主语,指whethertheywillenjoyit是动宾关系,因此用不定式的被动式
17.D“连词+分词”作状语,依然由句子主语与分词的关系来确定,主动关系用现在分词,被动关系用过去分词theresearch与begin是被动关系,用过去分词begun
18.Cdowith与what连用是一个很有用的结构,可以表示“处置”、“利用”等
19.Bfind后可接现在分词或过去分词作补语,但不接不定式he与smoke是主动关系,用-ing形式作补语,故选B
20.Dlookforwardto中to是介词,后接动词要用动名词若选B,应在其后加to才行
21.C不定式作定语,theperson是sendit的对象,可理解为tosendittotheperson
22.C用完整的句子应这样回答LosinghernewbikemadeMarysoupset.
23.D因为remain是不及物动词,其过去分词无被动含义,所以要用remaining剩下的作定语,修饰20dollars
24.B句意是“有五双可供选择,我拿不定主意从中选择哪一双”,而不是选择五双
25.CHarvard哈佛大学与found建立是被动关系,且早在1636年已建立,故用过去分词
26.D考查非谓语动词的结构平衡性因and连接两个并列的简单句,前一分句用-ing形式作主语,后一分句也应用-ing形式作主语
27.D非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语就是句子主语Findinghercarstolen的逻辑主语显然是she,故选D意为她发现她的车被人偷了,她就赶紧报警求援
28.A不定式作目的状语“使产品更具竞争性”是“正在努力的目的”
29.C“连词+分词”作状语hisparents与lackmoney缺钱是主动关系,又因为lack是及物动词,不用介词,故选C
30.Athat引导的从句与problem是同位语needwantrequire等表示“某物需要做某事”时,后接动名词的主动式或接不定式的被动式都可以
31.Cleadto导致、使中的to是介词,后接动名词;逻辑主语thethief与catch是被动关系,故选C
32.Agiven作介词,意为“鉴于、考虑到”,可接名词或that从句
33.Bhang表示“悬挂”时,可用作及物或不及物动词,此处填hanging或hung均可,但不能填beinghung,因为它表示动作正在进行,而此处表示的是一种悬挂的状态
34.A介词后接动词一般要用动名词,但but/except等介词后却可以接不定式,前面有行为动词do时不带to,无do时要带to
35.Bdevote卼o把…贡献给…;致力于…中to是介词,应接-ing形式;all是devote的宾语,hehad是省略了关系代词that的定语从句,修饰all注意,千万不要以为hadto是“不得不”,后接动词原形,而去选A,那就中了的圈套了
36.A不定式作目的状语句意为为了下午多睡一会,Bob关掉了闹钟
37.C“新当选的总统日子不好过”是因为“有许多问题要解决”,表示“有…要…”用不定式作定语
38.Ameantodo打算做,meandoing意味着句意为在英国的某些地方搭不上公共汽车意味着要再等一个小时
39.D“使城市绿化”是“我们we”的目的
40.Bkeyto…的关键中to是介词,应接动名词;又因名词demand与make是被动关系makedemands提出要求,另有by这一标志词暗示,用过去分词作定语
41.Dask,tellwant等后要接带to的不定式作宾补,其否定式是在不定式前加not即asksbnottodosth叫某人不要做某事
42.Dgive与其逻辑主语he是动宾关系,用过去分词,故选D,Giventime=Ifheisgiventime
43.Dcatchsb.doingsth.意为碰巧撞见某人正在做某事归纳总结非谓语动词易错点非谓语动词难点课后作业整理错题回家作业
1.Helenhadtoshout________abovethesoundofthemusic. A.makingherselfhearB.tomakeherselfhear C.makingherselfheardD.tomakeherselfheard
2.ReadingisanexperiencequitedifferentfromwatchingTV;therearepictures________inyourmindinsteadofbeforeyoureyes. A.toformB.formC.formingD.havingformed
3.Themaninsisted________ataxiformeeventhoughItoldhimIlivednearby. A.findB.tofindC.onfindingD.infinding
4.Theoldman________abroadfortwentyyearsisonthewaybacktohismotherland. A.toworkB.workingC.tohaveworkedD.havingworked
5.Youweresillynot________yourcar. A.tolockB.tohavelockedC.lockingD.havinglocked
6.Don’tleavethewater________whileyoubrushyourteeth. A.runB.runningC.beingrunD.torun
7.Whenflint________tothemarkettheseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess. A.introducingB.introducedC.introduceD.beingintroduced
8.“Wecan’tgooutinthisweather”saidBob________outofthewindow. A.lookingB.tolookC.lookedD.havinglooked
9.Myadvisorencouraged________asummercoursetoimprovemywritingskills. A.formetakingB.metakingC.formetotakeD.metotake
10.________inthequeueforhalfanhourTomsuddenlyrealizedthathehadlefthiswalletathome. A.TowaitB.HavewaitedC.HavingwaitedD.Tohavewaited
11.LindaworkedfortheMinnesotaManufacturingandMiningpany________as3M. A.knowingB.knownC.beingknownD.tobeknown
12.Sarahhurryup.I’mafraidyoucan’thavetimeto________beforetheparty. A.getchangedB.getchangeC.getchangingD.gettochange
13.________bythebeautyofnaturethegirlfromLondondecidedtostayanothertwodaysoffthefarm. A.AttractingB.AttractedC.TobeattractedD.Havingattracted
14.Idon’tknowwhetheryouhappen________butI’mgoingtostudyintheU.S.A.thisSeptember. A.tobeheardB.tobehearingC.tohearD.tohaveheard
15.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairportonly________thefilmstarshadleft. A.totellB.tobetoldC.tellingD.told
16.Havingbeenillinbedfornearlyamonthhehadahardtime________theexam. A.passB.topassC.passedD.passing
17.________withthesizeofthewholeearththebiggestoceandoesn’tseembigatall. A.pareB.WhenparingC.paringD.Whenpared
18.________theprogrammetheyhavetostaythereforanothertwoweeks. A.NotpletingB.Notpleted C.NothavingpletedD.Havingnotpleted
19.Ifyouareplanningtospendyourmoneyhavingfunthisweekbetter________it—you’vegotsomebigbillsing. A.forgetB.forgotC.forgettingD.toforget
20.AccordingtoarecentU.S.surveychildrenspendupto25hoursaweek________TV. A.towatchB.towatchingC.watchingD.watch
21.Thefluisbelieved________byvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat. A.causeB.beingcausedC.tobecausedD.tohavecaused
22.Theflowers________sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature. A.tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmelt
23.Thediscdigitally________inthestudiosoundedfantasticatthepartythatnight. A.recordedB.recordingC.toberecordedD.havingrecorded
24.Havingbeenattackedbyterrorists________. A.doctorscametotheirrescueB.thetallbuildingcollapsedC.anemergencymeasurewastakenD.warningsweregiventotourists
25.Robertissaid________abroadbutIdon’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin. A.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying
26.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee________thenextyear. A.carriedoutB.carryingoutC.carryoutD.tocarryout
27.I’veworkedwithchildbeforesoIknowwhat________inmynewjob. A.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expect
28.________suchheavypollutionalreadyitmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver. A.HavingsufferedB.SufferingC.TosufferD.Suffered
29.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouplebutitremains________whethertheywillenjoyit. A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen
30.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce________nothingcanbedonetochangeit. A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun
31.ItissaidthatinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows________. A.itwhattodowithB.whattodoitwith C.whattodowithitD.todowhatwithit
32.Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound________inthekitchen. A.smokeB.smokingC.tosmokeD.smoked
33.I’mgoingtothesupermarketthisafternoon.Doyouhaveanything________ A.tobebuyingB.tobuyC.forbuyingD.bought
34.Thepilotaskedallthepassengersonboardtoremain________astheplanewasmakingalanding.A.seatB.seatingC.seatedD.tobeseating
35.Victorapologizedfor________toinformmeofthechangeintheplan. A.hisbeingnotableB.himnottobeable C.hisnotbeingableD.himtobenotable
36.Suddenlyatallmandrivingagoldencarriage________thegirlandtookheraway________intothewoods. A.seizingdisappearedB.seizeddisappearedC.seizingdisappearingD.seizeddisappearing答案
1.D.因为Hellen要使自己讲的话被别人听到,所以要用过去分词作宾补,即makeherselfheard;又因为makeherselfheard是shout的目的,所以用不定式
2.C.form表示“出现、产生”,是不及物动词,又因为pictures与form是主动关系,故用现在分词作定语
3.C.因为insist后要么接that从句,要么接onsth.或ondoingsth.,没有别的接法,所以选Cinsistondoing坚持要做某事
4.D.因workabroadfortwentyyears发生在谓语动作返回祖国之前,所以用现在分词的完成式
5.B.因为现在分词作状语只能修饰谓语,而不定式作状语,既可修饰谓语又可修修饰形容词或副词,此处修饰形容词silly,要用不定式又因为“没有锁车”发生在谓语之前,所以用完成式
6.B.因句中的thewater与run是主动关系,故选Bleavesthdoingsth意为“使某物一直在做某事”
7.B.因为flint与introduce引入是被动关系,所以用过去分词
8.A.lookingoutofthewindow为伴随状语
9.D.因为在encouragepersuadetellaskwantorderforce等后要用不定式作宾补encouragesb.todosth.意为“鼓励某人做某事”
10.C.因“等了半个小时”发生在realized之前,故用现在分词的完成式
11.B.因为the…pany与know是被动关系,所以用过去分词短语作定语,knownas3M=whichwasknownas3M
12.A.getchanged意为“换衣服”比较getpaid获得报酬,getdressed穿衣服等
13.B.因为句子主语thegirl与attract是被动关系,所以用过去分词短语作状语,表示原因
14.D.因为happen后接动词不定式是表示“碰巧做某事”;又hear发生在谓语don’tknow之前,所以要用不定式的完成式句意是我不知道你是否已经听说过了,今年九月我要去美国学习
15.B.因为only是提醒我们要用不定式表示结果的一个重要标志词;不定式表示结果,不定式的动作发生在谓语之后;又因为thenewsreporters与tell是被动关系,所以要用不定式的被动式
16.D.因为haveahardtimedoingsth.与havedifficultydoingsth.相当,意为“在做某事方面有困难”
17.D.因为thebiggestocean与pare是被动关系,所以要用过去分词Whenparedwith…=Whenthebiggestoceanisparedwith…=Whenweparethebiggestoceanwith…
18.C.首先,非谓语动词的否定式要将notnever等放在非谓语动词的前面,所以不能选D其次,由于“没有完成”与“决定再呆两周”有先后关系,故用现在分词的完成式
19.A.因为口语中youhadbetter常被说成you’dbetter,甚至说成better,本句就属这种情况,其后要接不带to的不定式,即动词原形
20.C.此题考查spend...indoingsth句型
21.C.因为bebelieved/thought/supposed/said/reported等后要接动词不定式,排除A和B;又因为theflu与cause是被动关系,所以要用不定式的被动式Thefluisbelievedtobecausedby...=Itisbelieved/Peoplebelievethatthefluiscausedby...
22.B.一是因为“发出香味”与“吸引游客”是同时发生的,且smell作为连系动词没有被动形式,所以答案选B
23.A.因为thedisc唱片与record录制是被动关系,这又是已经发生了的事,所以要用过去分词短语作定语
24.B.非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致根据句意,受到攻击的应是“高楼”,而不是其他,故选B
25.A此题考查不定式的完成时“据说他曾到国外留过学”,由studied可知“留学”这个动作已结束并发生在谓语动作issaid之前,所以要用完成式
26.A此句考查过去分词作宾语补足语句子结构较复杂句中的that引导一个定语从句,它替代先行词theplan在从句中作see的宾语,theplan与carryout是被动关系,因此,用过去分词作宾补即seetheplancarriedoutthenextyear.
27.B此题考查疑问词+不定式在句中作宾语Iknowwhattoexpectinmynewjob.意为“我知道在新工作中期待什么”
28.A本句考查现在分词的完成时作状语句意为“遭受如此严重的污染之后,现在净化这条河也许为时已晚了”有already暗示可知suffer发生在cleanup之前,因此要用现在分词的完成式作状语
29.Bremain作“尚待”解,要接不定式作表语,it是形式主语,指代whethertheywillenjoyitsee与it之间是动宾关系,因此用不定式的被动式itremainstobeseen是习惯用语,意为“还要看情况发展”
30.D“连词+分词”作状语时,其逻辑主语为句子的主语句子主语与分词的之间是主动关系时用现在分词,被动关系用过去分词theresearch与begin是被动关系,因此用过去分词begun
31.C此题的考查目标与NMET2000同whattodowith为常用搭配结构,意为“处置,利用”句意为“据说澳大利亚有太多陆地,政府不知如何利用”
32.Bfind后面可以接由“宾语+现在分词/过去分词/不带to的不定式”构成的复合宾语结构现在分词表主动,过去分词表被动,不定式表示动作已经发生根据句意“如果厨师被发现在厨房吸烟,立即就会被解雇”可知cook与smoke之间是主动关系,应用现在分词findsb.doingsth意为“发现某人正在做某事”
33.B考查不定式作定语不定式作后置定语,一般用主动形式表示被动意义句意为“今下午我要去超级市场,你有东西要买吗?”
34.C考查过去分词作表语句意为“飞机登陆时,飞行员要求所有飞机上的乘客坐着不动”remain是系动词,seated作表语,表示状态
35.C考查动名词的复合结构作宾语动名词的复合结构的否定式由“名词所有格或物主代词+not+动名词”构成句意为“Victor因没能通知我计划的改变向我道歉”
36.D由有句中的and可知第一空所填的动词与took是并列谓语,故用seized;第二空是现在分词短语作伴随状语句意为“突然,一个赶着黄色马车的高个男人,抓住那个姑娘并把她带走了,消失在森林里”。