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Uint10Money课时练1 阅读理解提速练阅读理解A2018·吉林长春七校高三第一次联考JosephGoldbergerwasadoctorfortheUnitedStatesPublicHealthServiceandhewasanadvocateforscientificandsocialrecognitionofthelinksbetweenpovertyanddisease.In1914GoldbergerwasaskedbyU.S.SurgeonGeneralRupertBluetostudyaskindiseasethatwaskillingthousandsofpeopleintheSouth.Thediseasewaspellagra糙皮病.GoldbergertraveledtothestateofMississippiwheremanypeoplesufferedfrompellagra.Hestudiedthevictimsandtheirfamilies.Mostofthepeoplelivedahardlife.Thedoctorcametobelievethatthediseasedidn’tpassonfromonetoanotherbutwasinsteadrelatedtofood.Hereceivedpermissionfromthestategovernortotestthisideaataprison.Prisonerswereofferedpardonsiftheytookpart.Onegroupofprisonersreceivedtheirusualfoodsmostlycornproducts.Asecondgroupatemeatfreshvegetablesanddrankmilk.Membersofthefirstgroupdevelopedpellagra.Thesecondgroupdidnot.ButsomemedicalresearchersrefusedtoacceptGoldberger’sidea.FortheSouthpellagrawasmorethansimplyamedicalproblem.TherewereotherthingsincludingSouthernpride.SoGoldbergerhadhimselfinjected注射withbloodfromapersonwithpellagra.Healsotookliquidfromthenoseandthroatofapellagrapatientandputthemintohisownnoseandthroat.Heevenswallowedpillsthatcontainedskinfrompellagrapatients.Anassistantalsotookpartintheexperiments.SodidGoldberger’swife.Noneofthemgotsick.JosephGoldbergerdiedofcancerin
1929.Hewasfiftyfiveyearsold.Severalyearslaterresearchersdiscoveredtheexactcauseofpellagra alackofvitaminB3knownasniacin.【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文文章介绍了美国医生JosephGoldberger研究糙皮病的患病原因的过程JosephGoldberger医生的认真、牺牲精神令人感动1.WhowereeasytargetsofpellagraaccordingtoGoldbergerA.PeopleinAmerica.B.Peopleputintoprison.C.Peoplehavingapoordiet.D.Peopletouchingpellagrapatients.C 解析细节理解题根据第二段中的“Mostofthepeoplelivedahardlife...thediseasedidn’tpassonfromonetoanotherbutwasinsteadrelatedtofood.”,再结合Goldberger在监狱进行的实验的内容可知,在JosephGoldberger看来,糙皮病和食物有关,而且患者大多生活条件差;再结合实验中提到的主要吃玉米制品的犯人最后患上了该病可知,不良的饮食容易导致人们患糙皮病2.WhatdidGoldbergerwanttoprovebytheexperimentsmentionedinParagraph4A.Pellagrawasn’tsoterrible.B.Pellagradidn’tspread.C.Pellagracouldbecured.D.Pellagrawasn’tamedicalproblem.B 解析推理判断题根据第二段中提到的Goldberger认为糙皮病不是传染病以及第四段中提到的他为了证明自己的观点而进行的实验的内容将患糙皮病的人的血液注射到自己的体内、将糙皮病病人的鼻腔和口腔中的液体放入自己的鼻腔和口腔以及吞咽含有糙皮病病人的皮肤组织的药丸和结果他没患病可推知,Goldberger进行实验是为了证明糙皮病不传染3.WhichwordscanbeusedtodescribeGoldbergerA.Devotedanddetermined.B.Selflessandfriendly.C.Patientandexpert.D.Stubbornandenthusiastic.A 解析推理判断题文中提到的Goldberger在监狱及在他自己身上做实验的内容表明他全心全意地投入到对糙皮病的研究中,有奉献精神;尽管一些人不认可Goldberger的观点,但他仍坚持自己的看法并坚决地去证明自己的观点是正确的,这体现出他意志坚定故选AB2018·湖北省武汉市调研测试ElonMuskwasborninSouthAfricain
1971.AcrazyfanofputersbytheageoftwelveMuskhadwrittenthecode代码forhisownvideogamewhichhesoldforaprofit.HeattendedQueen’sUniversityinCanadaandtransferred转到totheUniversityofPennsylvaniawhereheearnedtwobachelor’sdegreeseconomicsandphysics.HewasadmittedtoStanfordUniversityinCaliforniaintendingtoearnaPhDinenergyphysics.Firstpany—Zip2CorporationIn1995attheageof24MuskdroppedoutofStanfordUniversityafterjusttwodaysofclassestostarthisfirstpanyZip2Corporation.ItwasanonlinecityguidethatprovidedcontentforthenewonlineversionsofTheNewYorkTimesandtheChicagoTribunenewspapers.In1999Muskgot$22millionfromthesaleofZip
2.OnlineBankingIn1999ElonMuskstartedX.with$10milliondollarsfromthesaleofZip
2.X.wasanonlinebankandhewascreditedwithinventingamethodofsecurelytransferringmoneyusingareceiver’semailaddress.PayPalIn2000X.boughtapanycalledConfinitywhichhadstartedanInternetmoneytransferprocesscalledPayPal.ElonMuskdroppedtheonlinebankingfocustoconcentrateonbeingaglobalpaymenttransferprovider.In2002eBayboughtPayPalfor$
1.5billion.SpaceExplorationTechnologiesIn2002ElonMuskstartedSpaceX.HeisalongstandingmemberoftheMarsSocietyanonprofitorganizationthatsupportstheexplorationofMarsandMuskisinterestedinbuildingagreenhouseonMars.SpaceXhasbeendevelopingrockettechnologiestoenableMusk’sproject.TeslaMotorsIn2004ElonMuskcofoundedTeslaMotorsofwhichheistheonlyproductarchitect.TeslaMotorsbuildselectricvehicles.ThepanyhasbuiltanelectricsportscartheTeslaRoadster.SolarCityIn2006ElonMuskcofoundedSolarCityaphotovoltaic光电的productsandservicespanywithhiscousinLyndonRive.【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文,主要介绍了埃隆·马斯克的人生经历和伟大成就4.WhatwasElonMuskgiftedinwhenhewasyoungA.Economics. B.Physics.C.Energy.D.Coding.D 解析细节理解题根据第一段的第二句可知,Musk是一位疯狂的电脑迷,十二岁时他就为自己的视频游戏写代码并获利了;据此可知,他小时候就有写代码的天赋,故D项正确5.WhichofthefollowingprovidesinternationalpaymenttransferserviceA.X..B.Confinity.C.PayPal.D.eBay.C 解析细节理解题根据PayPal部分,尤其是该部分的第二句可知,PayPal提供国际转账支付服务,故C项正确6.WhathasSpaceXbeendoingtohelpachieveMusk’sprojectA.SponsoringtheMarsSociety.B.Developingrockettechnologies.C.BuildingagreenhouseonMars.D.SupportingtheexplorationofMars.B 解析细节理解题根据SpaceExplorationTechnologies部分的“SpaceXhasbeendevelopingrockettechnologiestoenableMusk’sproject.”可知,SpaceX一直在研究开发火箭技术,帮助Musk实现他的项目目标,故B项正确7.WhatisTeslaMotorsnotedforA.Itselectricvehicles.B.Itsphotovoltaicproducts.C.Itsserviceasacitytouristguide.D.Itsbusinesswithotherpanies.A 解析细节理解题根据TeslaMotors部分,尤其是该部分的第二句可知,TeslaMotors是生产电动汽车的公司,故A项正确C2018·东北三省四市教研联合体高考模拟OpheliaandtheMarvelousBoybyKarenFoxleeType FantasyStorylineWhenOpheliamovestoastrangecitywhereitneverstopssnowingshediscoversaboylockedawayfor75yearsinamuseum.ShemusthelptheboybeforetheSnowQueenfreezestheworld.AlongthewayOphelialearnshowtobelieveinthingsshecannotsee.Targetedreaders Peoplewholikefairytaleswouldenjoythisbook.AHundredHorsesbySarahLeanType:MysteryStoryline ThewoodenhorseNellbringsalongduringhervisitstoherauntandcousinsisstolenbyagirlnamedAngel.AsNellfindsoutAngel’strueidentityabondgrowsbetweenthemandagroupof99horses.Wordhasitthatthe100thhorseismagical.ButwhereisitNelldoesn’tknowbutAngelmightknow.Targetedreaders Kidswholikeanimalsandnaturewillbesuretofindthisbookexciting.HowtoCatchaBoglebyCatherineJinksType:FantasyStoryline Birdieisanorphanwhoisgoodattrappingmonsterswithhersingingvoice.Sheistheonlygoblin小妖精hunterintheworld.Whenkidsgomissingit’suptohertofigureoutwhy.Targetedreaders Anyonewhoislookingformonsterswilltakegreatpleasureinthisbook.IEvenFunnier:AMiddleSchoolStorybyJamesPattersonandChrisGrabensteinType:FictionStoryline AfteracaraccidentJamieloseshisfamilyandthenhemovesinwithhisauntuncleandhiscousinSteviewhosebasicaimistotrickJamie.ButJamiekeepshavingapositiveattitudeandrunningafterhisgoals.HewasrecentlyhonoredtheFunniestKidicofNewYorkState.Targetedreaders Thisbookwouldbegreatforanyonewhoisfondofhumorousbooks.【解题导语】 本文是一篇应用文文章介绍了四本书籍,提供了每本书的名称、作者、种类、故事情节和目标读者8.WhichwritertellsastoryaboutagirlsavingaboyA.KarenFoxlee.B.SarahLean.C.CatherineJinks.D.JamesPattersonandChrisGrabenstein.A 解析细节理解题根据文章对第一本书的简介,尤其是第二句“ShemusthelptheboybeforetheSnowQueenfreezestheworld.”可知,在冰雪女王冰冻世界之前Ophelia必须帮助那个男孩逃离,故选A9.Natureloversmaytakeinterestin________.A.OpheliaandtheMarvelousBoyB.AHundredHorsesC.HowtoCatchaBogleD.IEvenFunnier:AMiddleSchoolStoryB 解析细节理解题根据第二本书对目标读者的描述“Kidswholikeanimalsandnaturewillbesuretofindthisbookexciting.”可知,喜欢动物和自然的孩子一定会发现这本书令人兴奋,故第二本书AHundredHorses符合要求,即B项正确10.WhowentthroughlifechallengeswithoutlosingheartA.Ophelia. B.Nell.C.Stevie.D.Jamie.D 解析细节理解题根据文章对第四本书的简介中的“ButJamiekeepshavingapositiveattitudeandrunningafterhisgoals.”可知,Jamie在失去父母寄居在亲戚家时依旧保持积极的态度,追求自己的梦想,故选D项11.InwhichsectionofanewspapercanwefindsuchapassageA.Fashion.B.Literature.C.Business.D.Localnews.B 解析文章出处题根据文章是对四本书的介绍可知,这篇文章可能来自报纸的文学版块,即B项正确D2018·广东佛山检测Exposedsoilisn’tpartofnature’smasterplan.Goodexampleswheresoilisnaturallyfoundwithnoplantsgrowinginarebeneathfreshlyremovedtreesorwherethegroundhasbeenburntbyalandfire.Inthesesituationsbaresoilisn’tbareforlong;withindaysseedlings芽begintoappearandcovertheground.Inafewmonths’timethescarishardlynoticeable.Unlikethesenaturalexamplesploughed耕犁fieldsandfreshlyduggardensareobviousexamplescreatedbyman.Butlefttonatureeventhesebaresoilssoonturngreenwithalargenumberoftinyseedlings.Infieldsgardensandongrasslandsroadsideandsportsfieldsalongstreetsandonpathsandpavementsweareconstantlybattlingtostopweedsfromgrowing.Allwearedoingisstoptherecoveringpowersofnature.Wheneversoilisexposedweedsactlikeakindofmedicinetoreducethepotentiallyharmfulraysofthesunsothesoonerplantgrowthcoversthesoiloveragainthebetter.Weedsalsohelptoimprovethefertility肥沃ofthesoil.Theirrootsgetthesoiltogetherimprovingitsstructureandcreatingamorestableenvironmentinwhichsoillifecangrowfast.Thoseweedswithadeeprootdrawupplantnutrientsfromdeeperinthegroundmakingthemavailabletoplantsgrowingnearthesoilsurface.Abovegroundthestems茎ofweedshelptrapfallenleaveswhichbreakdownintothesoiladdingtothefertilityofthesoil.Asthesoilbeesmorefertiledifferentkindsofplantsstarttoreplacethe“pioneering”weeds.Bushesmoveintotaketheplacebygraduallyshadingthemoutfollowedinturnbytreeswhicheventuallypushupthroughthebushesfinallyshadingthemouttoo.Fallenleavesfromthebushesandtreescarryonthejobofbuildingsoilfertilitythatwasbegunbythoseveryfirstweedsthatgrewonthebaresoil.Thenwhenoneofthesematuretreesisremovedinastorm,leavingawoundofbaresoilintheearththewholeprocessstartsagain.【解题导语】 人们到处阻止杂草等植物的生长,然而,它们却有助于增加土壤的肥沃度所以,土壤和植物之间是相互促进的关系12.WhenwillsoilbeleftbareA.Alandfirehasjusthappened.B.Ayoungtreeisplantedin.C.Nooneploughstheland.D.Nocropsareplantedin.A 解析细节理解题根据第一段中的Exposedsoilisn’tpartofnature’smasterplan.Goodexamples...wherethegroundhasbeenburntbyalandfire.可知,刚被火烧过的土地被称作裸土故选A项13.WhichofthefollowingpreventsthebaresoilfromrecoveringA.Seedlingsappearingingardens.B.Reducingharmfulraysofthesun.C.Removingweedsfrompavements.D.Replacingplantsinsportsfields.C 解析推理判断题根据第二段最后两句可知,人们除掉路边杂草的行为就是在阻止裸土的恢复故选C项14.WhatcanweedsdoforthesoilA.Theycreatesoillife.B.Theyhelpimprovethesoil.C.Theygetnutrientsfromthesun.D.Theybreakdownfallenleaves.B 解析细节理解题根据第四段中的Weedsalsohelptoimprovethefertility肥沃ofthesoil.可知,杂草有助于提高土壤的肥沃度15.HowcanthesoilremainfertileaftertreesmoveinA.Byaddingmoreweedstothesoil.B.Bytakingouttheweedsconstantly.C.Byremovingthepreviousbushes.D.Bymakinguseofthefallenleaves.D 解析细节理解题根据最后一段中的Fallenleavesfromthebushesandtreescarryonthejobofbuildingsoilfertilitythatwasbegunbythoseveryfirstweedsthatgrewonthebaresoil.可判断D项正确七选五2018·长沙模拟Withtoday’sstressfullifestylesit’simportanttohavetimethatyouspenddoingsomethingjustforthefunofit.Whiletherearemanygreathobbiestochoosefromthehobbieshereareparticularlyusefulinrelievingstress.1.________Whetheryousimplylearntotakebetterpicturesofyourfriendsandfamilyorexploretheworldofcreatingtrueartphotographycanbeagreathobby.Asyoupracticeseeingtheworldthroughtheeyesofaphotographeryoumaybegintoseethingsdifferently.GardeningGardeningcanbeagreatstressrelieverformanyreasons.
2.________.Inadditionitcanalsocreatemorebeautifulsurroundingstoehomeforeachdayandmore.KnittingAsidefromhelpingyoucreatebeautifulgiftsforyourselfandothersknittingprovidesyouwithanopportunitytorelievestress.Therepetitivemotioncangetyouintoanexperienceof“flow”,orcanatleastprovideanoutletfornervousenergy.
3.________.DrawingYoucangetintouchwithyourartisticsideandusedrawingasawaytoprocessemotions.
4.________.Theendresultwillbesomethingbeautifulandpersonalthatyoucanenjoyorshare.Playingthepiano5.________.Whilelisteningtomusiccanprobablybeconsideredahobbycreatingmusiccanbeanevenmorepowerfulstressrelievinghobby.Learningtoplayaninstrumentsuchasthepianocanbeastressrelieverforyouaswellasforthosearoundyou.A.LaughingmorestressinglessB.ExploringphotographyC.ItcangetyouintothesunshineandfreshairD.MusichasmanyhealthandstressreliefbenefitsE.ThesesuggestionscanhelpyoureducetensioninyourbodynowF.GraduallyknittingmaybemakingyoubetteratyourdayjobG.Besidesitcandistractyouandachieveotherstressmanagementbenefits【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了几种可以缓解压力的爱好1.B 解析根据本段中的“photographycanbeagreathobby”可知,本段推荐的兴趣是摄影,所以选B项2.C 解析根据本段标题Gardening及空后一句可推知,做园艺工作可以享受阳光,呼吸新鲜空气,故选C项3.F 解析承接上文的“Therepetitivemotioncangetyouintoanexperienceof‘flow’,orcanatleastprovideanoutletfornervousenergy.”并结合本段标题Knitting可推知,编织会让人们工作得更好,所以选F项4.G 解析根据下文的“Theendresultwillbesomethingbeautifulandpersonalthatyoucanenjoyorshare.”可推知,画画可以转移注意力,调节压力,所以选G项5.D 解析根据下文的“Whilelisteningtomusiccanprobablybeconsideredahobbycreatingmusiccanbeanevenmorepowerfulstressrelievinghobby.”可知,音乐有利于健康,并有助于缓解压力,所以选D项。