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Unit17Laughter课时练1 阅读理解提速练阅读理解A2018·成都高中毕业班摸底测试Theworldrecordholderforthenumberofuniversitydegreesisa70yearoldItalian.Mr.LucianoBaiettilivesinthetownofVelletrinearRomeandspendshisdayswalkingaroundhissmallhouseandgarden.Buteverymorningasearlyas3o’clock,hepullsouthistextbooksandstartsstudying.Henowholds15bachelorsormaster’sdegreesfromuniversitiesacrossItaly,andisalreadyattemptinghis16th. “Thankstobooks,Ifeelfree,”hetellstheBBCjournalists.“Afterall,thewordssharethesameroot,”hesays,referringtotheItalianwordslibrobookandliberofree.Thecertificatesprovinghistalenthangonthewallsofhisstudy,showingpeoplethathewaswritingnewpagesintheGuinnessBookofRecords.In2002hegothiseighthdegreeinmotorskills.Andbeforethathealreadyhaddegreesinsociology,literature,law,politicalscienceandphilosophy,mostfromRome’sfamousLaSapienzaUniversityoneoftheoldestintheworld.Sincethen,hehasaddedsevenotherdegreestohislist,includingoneincriminology犯罪学,oneinmilitarystrategiesandthelatestoneintourisminFebruary
2017.Allofthesethreewerefromonlineuniversities.“EachtimeIsetmyselfanewchallengetoseehowfarmybodyandmybraincango,”saysMr.Baietti.【解题导语】 本文是一篇新闻报道来自意大利的70岁的LucianoBaietti先生是已获得大学学位总数最多的世界纪录保持者1.WhatcanweknowaboutMr.BaiettifromthepassageA.Hehasawiderangeoflearning.B.Heistheoldestworldrecordholder.C.Hehasgotcrazyaboutgettingdegrees.D.Hegotallhisdegreesbygoingtoschool.A 解析推理判断题根据第三至五段可以推断LucianoBaietti先生的学习范围非常广泛awiderangeof意思是“广泛的,多种多样的”,所以选项A正确2.WhyhasMr.BaiettitriedtogetsomanydegreesA.Toshowhistalent.B.Tochallengehimself.C.Tobeepopular.D.Tobreaktheworldrecord.B 解析细节理解题根据最后一段中的“EachtimeIsetmyselfanewchallengetoseehowfarmybodyandmybraincango”可知选项B正确3.WheredoesthispassagemostprobablyefromA.Anewspaper. B.Abiography.C.Atravelmagazine.D.Astorybook.A 解析推理判断题根据全文尤其是第四段LucianoBaietti先生接受BBC采访的信息可以推断本文应该是一篇新闻报道所以选项A正确B2018·南昌模拟Nexttimeyouareblamedforbadbehaviormainlyblameitonthewholeapplepearoranyotheruncutfoodthatyourparentspackedinyourlunchbox.That’sbecausebitingintoanythingthatrequirestheuseofthefrontteethislikelytocauserudebehaviorinkids!Atleastthat’stheconclusionsomeresearchersfromCornellUniversityhavemadeafterobservingthebehaviorof12studentsatasummercamp.Theresearchersbeganbydividingthestudentsintotwogroups.Onthefirstdayonegroupwasgivenchickenonthebone.Theotherwasprovidedwiththesamechickencutintodeliciousbite-sizepiecessothattheonlywaytoeatitwaswithafork.Thefollowingdaythefoodwasexchangedsothatthefirstgroupreceivedthesmallpiecesandforkswhilethesecondenjoyedthechickenonthebone.Eachdaythecampcounselorsalsogavethekidsstrictinstructionstoletthemstaywithinacirclewitha9-footradius.Theresearcherrecordedboththemealtimeandthenaskedbehavioralexpertstoevaluatewhathappened.Theyagreedthatthekidsthatwererequiredtobitethefoodweretwiceaslikelytoshowaggressivebehavioranddisobeytheadultsasthosethatfocusedoneatingtheirfoodwithforks.Ofcoursethelatteralsoshowedsomerudebehavior.Ifthatisn’tbadenoughtheformergroupwasalsomorelikelytoleavetheirspecialcircleandevenstandandjumponthepicnictables!ThishasmadeMr.Wansinkwholedtheresearchandhisteamconcludethatforsomereasonskidsthatbiteintotheirfoodaremorelikelytoexhibitbadbehaviorthanthoseforcedtoeatwithforks.Thereforeheadvisesparentstocutupthefoodtheyservetotheirkidstoenjoyapeacefulmeal!【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文研究表明,孩子吃东西的方式可能会影响他们的行为举止4.Whatprobablyresultsinkids’badbehaviorA.Thewaykidsbiteintofood.B.Thewayfoodiscooked.C.Theunhealthyfoodkidseat.D.Theirattitudetowardthefood.A 解析细节理解题根据第一段第二句That’sbecausebitingintoanythingthatrequirestheuseofthefrontteethislikelytocauserudebehaviorinkids!可知,孩子表现粗鲁和吃东西的方式有关故选A5.Paragraph2mainlyshows________.A.theresultoftheresearchB.thetimeontheresearchC.thewaytheresearchwentonD.thedifficultiestheresearchfacedC 解析段落大意题根据第二段的内容可知,研究者做了一个实验,主要是为了研究孩子的粗鲁表现是否和吃东西的方式有关在实验中孩子们被分成两组,然后在两天里分别用不同的方式吃东西故本段主要写的是实验方式故选C6.WhatcanwelearnaboutthestudentsatthesummercampA.Theyenjoyedthefoodthereverymuch.B.Theyexhibiteddifferentlevelsofrudebehavior.C.Theywereaskedtobitethefoodwithcare.D.Theywerelikelytobehavebadlyfrequently.B 解析细节理解题根据第三段第二句Theyagreedthatthekidsthatwererequiredtobitethefoodweretwiceaslikelytoshowaggressivebehavioranddisobeytheadultsasthosethatfocusedoneatingtheirfoodwithforks.可知,因吃饭方式的不同,两组孩子粗鲁的行为出现的次数明显不同故选B7.WhatdoesMr.WansinkadviseparentstodoA.Toeatwiththeirkidsoften.B.Toteachtheirkidshowtoeatfood.C.Toservetheirkidswithsmallpiecesoffood.D.Toshowtheirkidsgoodbehavioroften.C 解析细节理解题根据最后一段最后一句Thereforeheadvisesparentstocutupthefoodtheyservetotheirkidstoenjoyapeacefulmeal!可知,Wansink先生建议家长把孩子吃的食物切成小块故选CC2018·江西赣中南五校联考Initsearlyhistory,Chicagohadfloodsfrequently,especiallyinthespring,makingthestreetssomuddythatpeople,horsesandcartsgotstuck.Anoldjokethatwaspopularatthetimewentlikethis AmanisstuckuptohiswaistinamuddyChicagostreet.Askedifheneedshelp,hereplies,“No,thanks.I’vegotagoodhorseunderme.”Thecityplannerdecidedtobuildanundergrounddrainage排水system,buttheresimplywasn’tenoughdifferencebetweentheheightofthegroundlevelandthewaterlevel.TheonlytwooptionsweretolowertheChicagoRiverorraisethecity.AnengineernamedEllisChesbroughconvincedthecitythatithadnochoicebuttobuildthepipesabovegroundandthencoverthemwithdirt.Thisraisedthelevelofthecity’sstreetsbyasmuchas12feet.Thisofcoursecreatedanewproblem dirtpracticallyburiedthefirstfloorsofeverybuildinginChicago.Buildingownerswerefacedwithachoice eitherchangethefirstfloorsoftheirbuildingsintobasements,andthesecondstoriesintomainfloors,orhoist吊起theentirebuildingstomeetthenewstreetlevel.Smallwoodframebuildingscouldbeliftedfairlyeasily.Butwhataboutlarge,heavystructuresliketheTremontHotelwhichwasasixstorybrickbuildingThat’swhereGeorgePullmancamein.Hehaddevelopedsomehousemovingskillssuccessfully.ToliftabigstructureliketheTremontHotel,Pullmanwouldplacethousandsofjackscrews螺旋千斤顶beneaththebuilding’sfoundation.Onemanwasassignedtooperateeachsectionofroughly10jackscrews.AtPullman’ssigneachmanturnedhisjackscrewsbythesameamountatthesametime,therebyraisingthebuildingslowlyandevenly.Astonishingly,theTremontHotelstayedopenduringtheentireoperation,andmanyofitsguestsdidn’tevennoticeanythingwashappening.Somepeopleliketosaythateveryproblemhasasolution.ButinChicago’searlyhistoryeveryengineeringsolutionseemedtocreateanewproblem.NowthatChicago’swastewaterwasdrainingefficientlyintotheChicagoRiver,thecity’snextstepwastocleanthepollutedriver.【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了芝加哥为了应对洪水泛滥的问题而实行了一些解决方案的故事8.TheauthormentionsthejokeinParagraph1toshow________.A.horseswerefairlyusefulinChicagoB.Chicago’sstreetswereextremelymuddyC.ChicagowasverydangerousinthespringD.theChicagopeoplewereparticularlyhumorousB 解析推理判断题根据第一段第一句“Initsearlyhistory,Chicagohadfloodsfrequently,especiallyinthespring,makingthestreetssomuddythatpeople,horsesandcartsgotstuck.”可推知,作者提及这个笑话是为了表明芝加哥的街道非常泥泞,故选B9.ThecityplannerswereconvincedbyEllisChesbroughto________.A.getridofthestreetdirtB.lowertheChicagoRiverC.fightagainstheavyfloodsD.buildthepipesabovegroundD 解析细节理解题根据第三段第一句“AnengineernamedEllisChesbroughconvincedthecitythatithadnochoicebuttobuildthepipesabovegroundandthencoverthemwithdirt.”可知,EllisChesbrough让城市规划者相信在地上建管道才能解决洪水泛滥所带来的问题,故选D10.WhatcanweconcludeaboutthemovingoperationoftheTremontHotelA.Itwentonsmoothlyasintended.B.Itinterruptedthebusinessofthehotel.C.ItinvolvedPullmaninturningtenjackscrews.D.Itseparatedthebuildingfromitsfoundation.A 解析细节理解题根据第五段内容可推知,用螺旋千斤顶把theTremontHotel升高的事项进展顺利,故选A11.ThepassageismainlyabouttheearlyChicago’s________. A.popularlifestylesandtheirinfluencesB.environmentaldisastersandtheircausesC.engineeringproblemsandtheirsolutionsD.successfulbusinessmenandtheirachievementsC 解析主旨大意题结合全文可知,本文主要讲的是早期芝加哥如何应对洪水泛滥的问题的故事,故选CD2018·四川绵阳诊断Lonelinessislikeadiseaseandwhat’sworseit’scontagious.Itcanspreadfromonepersontoanotheraccordingtotherecentresearchthatstressesthepowerofoneperson’semotionstoaffectevenpeoplehedoesn’tknow.Thenewanalysisinvolving4,793peoplewhowereinterviewedeverytwoyearsbetween2005and2015showedthatafriendofalonelypersonwas52%morelikelytodevelopfeelingsoflonelinessbythetimeofthenextinterview.Afriendofthatpersonwas25%morelikelyandafriendofafriendofafriendwas15%morelikely.“Lonelinessisnotjustthepropertyofanindividual.Itcanbetransmittedacrosspeople—evenpeopleyoudon’thavedirectcontactwith,”saidJohnT.CacioppoapsychologistoftheUniversityofChicagowholedthestudypublishedintheJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology.Lonelinesshasbeenlinkedtomedicalproblemsincludingdepressionsleepproblemsandgenerallypoorerphysicalhealth.Identifyingsomeofthecausescouldhelpreducetheemotionandimprovehealthexpertssaid.AlthoughthestudydidnotexaminehowlonelinessspreadsCaciopposaidanotherresearchhasprovidedclues.“Let’ssayforwhateverreasonyougetlonely.Youtheninteractwithotherpeopleinamorenegativefashion.Thatputstheminanegativemoodandmakesthemmorelikelytointeractwithotherpeopleinanegativefashionandtheyminimizetheirsocialtiesandbeelonely,”Caciopposaid.AccordingtoCacioppolonelinessspreadmoreeasilyamongwomenthanmenperhapsbecausewomenweremorelikelytoexpressemotions.Lonelypeoplebeelessandlesstrustingothers.Thismakesitmoreandmoredifficultforthemtomakefriends—andmorelikelythatsocietywillrejectthem.Thereforeitisimportanttorecognizeanddealwithloneliness.Cacioppoemphasizespeoplewhohavebeenpushedtotheedgesofsocietyshouldreceivehelptorepairtheirsocialnetworks.【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文文章通过一项新的数据分析向我们介绍了孤独的危害12.Itcanbeconcludedfromthefirstparagraphthat________.A.lonelinessspreadsinsocialnetworksB.emotionsareonlytransmittedbetweenfriendsC.moreandmorepeoplearesufferingfromlonelinessD.lonelinessisactuallyakindofdiseaseA 解析推理判断题根据第一段的“it’scontagious.Itcanspreadfromonepersontoanother”可知,孤独是可以传染的,它可以从一个人传给另一个人,故选A13.AccordingtoCacioppolonelypeople________.A.relyheavilyonothersB.aremorelikelytotrustothersC.arelesslikelytoberejectedbyfriendsD.willprobablybedesertedbysocietyD 解析细节理解题根据最后一段的“morelikelythatsocietywillrejectthem”可知,Cacioppo认为孤独的人可能会被社会抛弃,故选D14.Theword“minimize”inParagraph5isclosestinmeaningto“________”.A.increaseB.reduceC.createD.keepB 解析词义猜测题根据第五段内容可推知,孤独的人用一种消极的方式去和别人交往,这会减少他们的社会关系,让他们变得孤独,故选B15.WhatshouldlonelypeopledotogetridoflonelinessA.Refusethehelpgivenbyothers.B.Admitandtrytosolveit.C.Interactwithothersmorenegatively.D.Expressemotionsmoreoften.B 解析细节理解题根据最后一段的第三句“Thereforeitisimportanttorecognizeanddealwithloneliness.”可知,承认和应对孤独很重要,故选B七选五2018·广州检测Philadelphiaisacityknownformanythings.ItiswheretheDeclarationofIndependencewassignedin1776anditwasalsothefirstcapitaloftheUnitedStates.
1.________Itishometonearly3,000murals壁画paintedonthesidesofhomesandbuildingsaroundthecity.That’smoremuralsthananyothercityonEarth.
2.________Morethan20yearsagoaNewJerseyartistnamedJaneGoldenstartedaprogrampairingtroubledyouthwithartiststopaintmuralsonafewbuildingsaroundthecity.
3.________Theteenagersinvolvedhelpedtocreatemagnificentpiecesofartandtherewereotherevenmoreimportantbenefits.Theyoungpeoplelearnedtocooperateandgetalongwithmanydifferentkindsofpeopleduringthepainting.Theylearnedtoberesponsiblebecausetheyneededtofollowascheduletomakesurethemuralswerepleted.
4.________ItishardforanyonetoseethespectaculardesignsandnotfeelproudtobeapartofPhiladelphia.TakeawalkaroundsomeofthepoorestneighbourhoodsinPhiladelphiaandyouwillfindbeautifulworksofartonthesidesandfrontsofbuildings.Ofcoursethemuralsarenotjustinpoorneighbourhoodsbutricheronesaswell.SpecialbusestaketouriststodifferentpartsofthecitytoseethevariousmuralswhichshowthediverseethnicgroupsthatcallPhiladelphiahome.5.________ItisalsoamodelforothercitiesthroughoutAmericaseekingtohelptroubledyouth.A.HowdidthisetobeB.WhathappenedtothemuralsonearthC.Theyalsolearnedtotakeprideintheirmunity.D.ButonefactaboutPhiladelphiaisnotsowellknown.E.Fromthissmallprojectsomethingmagicalhappened.F.Theprogramencouragedtroubledyouthtopainttogetherwiththeirteachers.G.Asaresultofitssuccessthemuralprogramhasnowbeethenation’slargestpublicartprogram.【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了费城壁画的发展历史及其重大意义1.D 解析由本段第一句可知,费城因为许多东西而闻名D项“但是有一个事实不是很为人所知”是对前文的转折,同时引出本文所要介绍的内容,承上启下,符合语境故选D项2.A 解析上一句介绍了费城拥有比世界其他城市都多的壁画;下文介绍了费城壁画发展的历史A项“这是怎么出现的?”承上启下,符合语境故选A项3.E 解析根据下一句中的“therewereotherevenmoreimportantbenefits”可知,这些问题少年参与到壁画的创作中,并且在这个过程中带来了更重要的益处E项“从这个小小的项目中,一些神奇的事情发生了”引出了对壁画益处的介绍,符合语境故选E项4.C 解析根据下一句“Itishardforanyone...notfeelproudtobeapartofPhiladelphia.”可知,人们开始将这些壁画当作是费城引以为傲的一部分C项意为“他们同样学会了为自己的社区感到骄傲”,句中的“also”承接上文,takepridein与下文中的“feelproud”相呼应,承上启下,符合语境故选C项5.G 解析根据下一句“Itisalsoamodelforothercities...”可知,最后总结了壁画对费城产生的影响G项意为“由于它的成功,这个壁画项目已经成为整个国家最大的公共艺术项目”,是对费城壁画的地位评价,总结全文,符合语境故选G项。