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Unit1Culturalrelics
一、阅读理解Careercriminalsbegintheirantisocialbehaviorduringtheirtoddler学步的儿童yearsandmaygoonwithalifeofcrimeiftheirbehaviorisn’tchallengedscientistshavediscovered.Whilemostchildrengrowoutoftheirbadbehaviorbyadulthoodastudyfoundthosewhohad“callousunemotional冷漠无情的characteristics”couldgrowuptohaveproblemswiththelawlaterinlife.Behaviorcharacteristicssuchasalackofsympathyandlyinginchildhoodcouldhaveanimpactyearson.LukeHydeassistantprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofMichigansaid“Thesearesignsforparentsanddoctorstowatchoutforastheymaysignalmorethanjusttheterribletwos.”Hesaid“Parentsbothtakecareoftheirchildandprovidetheirchild’sgenessoit’sbeendifficulttoknowifwe’reseeingthatparentingcausescallousunemotionalbehaviorsorifitisjustasignofthegenesbeingpassedtothechild.”Theresearchalsodiscoveredthatstrictparentingislinkedtothedevelopmentofantisocialbehavior.Scientistslookedat561familiesinanadoptionstudythatexaminedbiologicalmothers’antisocialbehavior.Thescientistsfoundchildrenofantisocialmotherswerealsomorelikelytoexhibitthesamebehaviorcharacteristicsdespitehavinglimitedornotouchwiththemastheywereadoptedasbabies.“Thereallyexcitingtake-homemessagefromthisstudyisthatsmallday-to-daypositiveinteractions互动thatparentshavewiththeiryoungchildrencanmakeahugedifferenceinchildren’sdevelopment’’saidLeslieLeveaprofessorattheUniversityofOregonwhoco-ledthedatacollection.“Evenwhenchildrenhaveinherited遗传averychallengingsetofbehaviorshearing‘goodjob’orreceivingencouragementcanhelpprotectthemfromdevelopingseriousproblemsingfromtheirinheriteddifficulties”headded.ThestudyworkedonbyscientistsfromtheUniversityofMichiganPennStateUniversityandtheUniversityofOregonhasbeenpublishedintheAmericanJournalofPsychiatry.Researcherswillfollowthegroupofchildrenthroughearlyadolescencetodetermineifthesebehaviorsstillcontinuetoexistfromthetoddleryears.
1.What’sthemainideaofthepassageA.Kids’socialbehaviorsarerelatedtocrime.B.Criminalsbegintheircrimesduringadolescence.C.Antisocialbehaviorsofkidscouldbeontheirwaytoalifeofcrime.D.Warmheartedkidsaremorelikelytobecriminalsinthefuture.
2.WhatconclusionmightthescientistsdrawfromthestudyA.Antisocialbehaviorsmightbeinherited.B.Thegenesdecidekids’antisocialbehaviors.C.Antisocialbehaviorshavenothingtodowithcrimes.D.Adoptedbabiessurelyhaveantisocialbehaviorswhentheygrowup.
3.WhatcanbeinferredfromthepassageA.Parentingisthemainreasonthatcauseskids’antisocialbehaviors.B.Whatcausescareercriminalstobegintheircrimesistheirparents’characteristics.C.LeslieLevehasadoubtfulattitudetoadoptivemothers’activeinteractionswithkids.D.Inheritedantisocialbehaviorsofkidscanbelightenedbypositiveparenting.
4.Whywillresearcherstrackkids’processofgrowingA.Tomakesureifkids’behaviorswilllast.B.Tomakesureifpraisewillchangekids.C.Todetermineifkids’behaviorswillbeinherited.D.Todetermineifparents’fortwillprotectkids.【文章大意】研究人员发现孩子的反社会行为有可能使他们走向犯罪的道路,积极的育儿方式可以减轻孩子的反社会行为
1.C【解析】主旨大意题根据文章内容,特别是第一段中的“Careercriminalsbegintheirantisocialbehaviorduringtheirtoddler yearsandmaygoonwithalifeofcrimeiftheirbehaviorisn’tchallengedscientistshavediscovered.”可知,本文主要介绍了孩子们的反社会行为有可能使他们走向犯罪的道路,故C项正确
3.D【解析】推理判断题根据第五段中的“Evenwhenchildrenhaveinherited遗传averychallengingsetofbehaviorshearing‘goodjob’orreceivingencouragementcanhelpprotectthemfromdevelopingseriousproblemsingfromtheirinheriteddifficulties”可知,积极的育儿教育可以减轻孩子遗传的反社会行为,故D项正确
4.A【解析】细节理解题根据最后一段中的“Researcherswillfollowthegroupofchildrenthroughearlyadolescencetodetermineifthesebehaviorsstillcontinuetoexistfromthetoddleryears.”可知,研究人员追踪孩子的成长过程是为了弄清楚孩子的反社会行为是否会持续下去,故A项正确
二、单句语法填空1.Tosolvethisproblemourpanyputoutthehouseholdrobotspeciallydesigntotakecareofoldpeople.答案designed2.ThereisnodoubtspendingtoomuchtimesurfingtheInternetorwatchingTVcontributestonearsightedness.答案that3.—WhynotmeetDianatoday—Iamsorrytotellyouthatshehasbeenremovedourpany.答案from4.Heisconsideringsellingtheoldhousebelongtohisgrandparentsandusingthemoneytostartabusinessofhisown.答案belonging5.Whetherpollutionisdirectlylinkedtothediseaseisdebate.答案under6.ThefilmWolfWarriorsⅡ战狼2issoexcellentthatitisworthseeasecondtime.答案seeing7.Perhapsthemostdifficultchallengeishowsurvivewithoutfriendsinlife.答案tosurvive8.Itisreportedthatthepolicesearchthebuildingforthecriminal.Anyonecan’tgetclosetoitwithoutpermission.答案aresearching9.IamalwaysthinkingthatstudyingwellistheonlythingthatIcoulddoreturn.答案in10.Astherewassomuchnoisewecouldn’thearwhattheyweretalkingabout.答案haveheard
三、完形填空阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可能填入空白处的最佳选项Iwasashykid.Nothingseemedharderthantalkingtopeople.IdidntevenliketoanswerthephoneforfearthatIdhavetotalktosomebodyIdidntknow.__1__,atschoolIhadtospendalldayinthepanyofothers.My__2__wasstudying.ItwassomethingIcoulddo__3__andbymyself.Ispentalotoftimestudyingandwas__4__withgoodgrades.EventuallyIwenttocollege.Icametorealizethatsomepeoplewereratherfunto__5__with.Yetmychildhood__6__carriedoverandIfoundmyselftonguetiedand__7__wheneverIfoundmyselfinaconversation.Onedaywhileoncampus,I__8__anadvertisementforapositiononthelocalclassicalmusic__9__station.Ihadgrownuplisteningtoclassicalmusic,andIlovedit.Inordertogetthejob,applicantsneededtobeinterviewed.Ihadabsolutelynobackgroundinradio,andtheideaoftalkingtothousandsoflisteners__10__me.Ididntreallywantthejob.IjustwantedtoprovethatIcouldtalktoan__11__.Twoweeks__12__,IwasevenmoreterrifiedtodiscoverthatIhadactuallylandedthejob.Itwasa__13__job,butIgrewtoenjoyit.Iannouncedmusictothousandsof__14__inthecity,sometimesansweringtheircallsand__15__totheirrequests.Ibegantofeelfortabletalkingtothesepeople,thesestrangerswhoIcouldnteven__16__.AlthoughInowspendmuchtimetalkingwithpeople,Imstillbasicallya__17__person.Myformershynessisagift,asIcan__18__peoplewhofeeldisfortwhentheytalktostrangers.Istillenjoymomentsofbeing__19__.ButImalsogladIdecidedtomakea__20__inmylifethathadopenedmanydoorsandopportunitiesthatIneverknewexisted.1.A.HoweverB.ThereforeC.OtherwiseD.Besides2.A.adviceB.practiceC.taskD.escape3.A.obviouslyB.simplyC.quietlyD.poorly4.A.filledB.rewardedC.decoratedD.faced5.A.helpoutB.catchupC.putupD.hangout6.A.happinessB.shynessC.kindnessD.goodness7.A.excitedB.astonishedC.embarrassedD.interested8.A.noticedB.postedC.realizedD.believed9.A.fireB.gasC.TVD.radio10.A.terrifiedB.pleasedC.satisfiedD.amazed11.A.childB.singerC.interviewerD.applicant12.A.agoB.laterC.beforeD.since13.A.wellpaidB.puzzlingC.fortableD.challenging14.A.listenersB.followersC.viewersD.dancers15.A.referringB.respondingC.offeringD.paring16.A.feelB.moveC.hearD.see17.A.busyB.warmC.quietD.smart18.A.lookintoB.relatetoC.binewithD.worrywith19.A.aloneB.aliveC.activeD.awake20.A.planB.mistakeC.changeD.dream【解题导语】该文主要讲述了害羞的作者通过应聘电台工作而实现自我突破的故事1.A 根据上下文可知,此处表示逻辑上的转折关系然而,作者在学校里不得不和同学们相处2.D 根据上文的“Iwasashykid”可推知,害羞的作者在学校用学习来逃避与人交流3.C 与语境“bymyself”呼应可推知,作者一个人安安静静地做功课4.B 与语境“withgoodgrades”呼应可推知,作者在学习上的付出得到了丰厚的回报,成绩突出5.D 由“Eventually”的提示可推知,作者最终意识到了和朋友相处是有趣的hangout“常去某处”6.B 根据上文的“Iwasashykid”并结合“Ifoundmyselftonguetied”可推知,作者童年时代的害羞个性还存在7.C 根据“Ifoundmyselftonguetied”可推知,和他人交流时沟通不顺畅是令人尴尬的8.A 根据语境可知,作者在校园里注意到了一则让他感兴趣的广告9.D 根据下文的“Ihadabsolutelynobackgroundinradio”可推知,这是一则电台的招募广告10.A 根据“Ihadabsolutelynobackgroundinradio”并结合下文的“Ididntreallywantthejob”可推知,作者因自己没有广播方面的背景而打退堂鼓,与下文的“IwasevenmoreterrifiedtodiscoverthatIhadactuallylandedthejob”呼应11.C 作者害怕与成千上万的听众交流,只想证明自己能够和面试官交谈12.B 根据语境可推知,时间已经过去了两周13.D 根据上文可知,这项工作需要与成千上万的听众交流,这对作者来说有一定的挑战性,且与语境“butIgrewtoenjoyit”形成呼应14.A 与上文的“andtheideaoftalkingtothousandsoflisteners__10__me”呼应可推知,此处表示作者给听众播放音乐15.B 与语境“answeringtheircalls”呼应可推知,作者回应听众的要求16.D 根据上文可知,作者应聘的是电台工作,和听众们基本上是不见面的17.C 根据“still”的提示并结合上文的“Iwasashykid”可推知,作者尽管现在花费很多时间和人们交流,但是本质上还是一个不多说话的人,与下文的“Myformershynessisagift”呼应18.B 结合“Myformershynessisagift”可推知,作者能够理解那些和他相同的人relateto“理解,认同”19.A 根据上文的“Myformershynessisagift”可推知,作者仍旧喜欢独处20.C 根据语境可推知,作者通过做电台工作有了重大改变,从而人生有了更多的可能性
四、单句改错1.YoucanplainbutIdoubtthatitwillmakeanydifference.答案that→if/whether2.Scientistsareinsearchforacureforthisseriousdisease.答案第一个for→of3.Luckilyenoughhewastheonlyonewhosurvivedfromtheflood.答案去掉from4.Ihavesomedoubtwhethertheywillthinkhighofmyplan.答案high→highly5.AlltheactsweregoodbuttheeveningwasbelongedtoadancegroupfromMoscow.答案去掉was
五、单元语法——定语从句1.2018·陕西长安一中质检TheyellowhousewindowsfacesouthistheplaceIspentmychildhood.答案whose;where2.2018·河北五校联考ThiscityliesinthenortheastandIwentonvacationlastyearhasbeenthecountry’sbusiestportsincethe1950s.答案which;where3.2018·北京海淀拟模Therearemanyoccasionsonwhichyouareleftinahelplesssituationinyoucandependonmoreotherthanyourself.答案which4.2018·黑龙江大庆质检Withtheimprovementoflifestandardsthereareagrowingnumberofpeopletravelingeachyearisagoodwaytoenjoylife.答案which5.Myfatherretiredin2017sincehehasbeendevotinghistimetogardening.答案when。