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Unit3TheMillionPoundBankNote阅读理解ADon’thaveplentyoftimeforreading?Ifyouareinterestedinnonfictionbooks,herearegoodchoicesforyou.ARoomofOne’sOwnThisessaybyEnglishwriterVirginiaWoolfisbasedonherseverallecturesgiventotwowomen’scollegesatCambridgeUniversityin
1928.Init,Woolfdescribesthatit’scircumstancenottalentalonethatallowsmentobemoresuccessfulatwriting.Women,inotherwords,spendsomuchtimecooking,cleaning,andtendingtotheirchildrenthattheyhavenotimeleftforart.Towritewell,therefore,awomanmusthave“aroomofherown”.Whileonitssurface,thisessayappearstobeonlyaboutwriting,itisactuallyaboutwealthandclass,freedomandimprisonment,andthepowerstrugglebetweensexes.TheArtofWarWrittenbyancientChinesemilitarystrategistSunZi,TheArtofWariswidelyconsideredtobeoneofthebestbooksaboutmilitarystrategy军事战略inhumanhistory.Consistingof13chapters,eachdealingwithaseparateaspectabouthowtofightawar,thebookhasbeentranslatedintomanylanguagesandhasthousandsofeditions.Forcenturies,ithasbeenusedtotrainmilitaryleadersforitsdetailedstudyofmilitarystrategyandeffectiveleadership.LettertoMyDaughterThisbookofessaysandpoemsbyMayaAngelou,arespectableAmericanpoet,iswrittenfor“thedaughtersheneverhad”—themillionsofwomen,bothyoungandold,whosheconsiderstobeher“family”.Fromtheviewpointofacaring,olderrelative,thisbookcontainslessonsselectedfromherownlifeexperiences,includingthebirthofheronlychild,ason,aswellasthedevelopmentandlossoffriendship.ABriefHistoryofTimeIfyou’reshortontime,thenwhynotreadabout,well,thecreationoftime?Thisbook,firstpublishedin1998frombrilliantscientistandmathematicianStephenHawking,exploresmindbendingquestionsaboutthecreationoftheuniverse,includingifandwhenitwillend,andifso,how.Despiteitsheavysubjectmatter,Hawkingaddressesthesequestionsinawaythat’seasytounderstand,evenforthosewhoknowlittleaboutphysics.【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了四本纪实类文学作品1.WhatcanwelearnaboutthefourbooksA.ABriefHistoryofTimemainlyfocusesonthematteroftime.B.LettertoMyDaughterisactuallyamonfamilyletter.C.TheArtofWargivesadviceonhowtobemilitaryleaders.D.ARoomofOne’sOwnismorethanaboutwriting.D 解析细节理解题根据第二段中的“Whileonits...betweensexes.”可知,虽然表面上这篇文章只跟写作有关,但是实际上它是有关财富和社会等级,自由和监禁以及两性之间的权力之争的,所以D项正确morethan意思是“不仅仅”2.WhatcanbeinferredfromthepassageA.Asaphysicist,Hawkingisequallyfamousforwriting.B.Mayadevotesherselftofightingforwomen’srights.C.ThebookbySunZiishelpfulinpolicymaking.D.Woolflooksdownuponmeninwriting.C 解析推理判断题根据第三段中的“TheArtofWar...tofightawar”可知,TheArtofWar对政策的制定有帮助所以选项C正确3.WhatisthepurposeofthepassageA.Tomakeparisonsbetweenthefourbooks.B.Toremendthefourbookstoreaders.C.Tomakementsonthefourbooks.D.Topromotesalesofthefourbooks.B 解析写作意图题根据第一段可知,写作本文的目的是向读者介绍文中提到的四本作品所以选项B正确B2018·福建福州普通高中毕业班综合质量检测Accordingtoateamofresearchersananimal’sabilitytoperceive感知timeislinkedtotheirpaceoflife.“Ourresultslendsupporttotheimportanceoftimeperceptioninanimalswheretheabilitytoperceivetimeinaveryshorttimemaybethedifferencebetweenlifeanddeathforfastmovingcreatures,”mentedtheleadauthorKevinHealyfromTrinityCollegeDublin.Thestudywasdonewithavarietyofanimalsusingaphenomenonbasedonthemaximumspeedofflashesoflightanindividualcanseebeforethelightsourceisseenasconstant.Dogsforexamplehaveeyeswitharefreshratehigherthanhumans.Oneexampleofthisphenomenonatworktheauthorssayisthehouseflyanditsabilitytoavoidbeinghit.Theresearchshowsfliesobservemotioninashortertimethanourowneyescanachievewhichallowsthemtoavoidbeinghit.ProfessorGraemeRuxtonoftheUniversityofStAndrewsinScotlandwhoworkedjointlyontheresearchprojectsaidinastatement“Havingeyesthatsendupdatestothebrainatmuchhigherfrequenciesthanoureyesdoisofnovalueifthebraincannotprocessthatinformationequallyquickly.Thusthisworkhighlightstheimpressiveabilitiesofeventhesmallestanimalbrains.Fliesmightnotbedeepthinkersbuttheycanmakegooddecisionsveryquickly.”Inparisonthetigerbeetle虎甲虫runsfasterthanitseyescankeepupbasicallybeingblindwhichrequiresittostopperiodicallytoreevaluateitsprey’s猎物position.Ourresultssuggestthattimeperceptionoffersanasyetunstudieddimensioninwhichanimalscanspecializeandthereisaconsiderablerangetostudythissysteminmoredetail.【解题导语】 本文是一篇科普说明文研究发现,动物感知时间的能力和它们的生活节奏有关,对于快速移动的动物来说,在短时间内感知时间的能力决定着它们的生死文章列举了家蝇、狗和虎甲虫等动物,证明了动物感知时间的能力的重要性4.WhatistheresearchmentionedinthepassagemainlyaboutA.Paceoflifeofanimals.B.Timeperceptionofanimals.C.Lifetimeofsmallanimals.D.Impressiveabilitiesofanimals.B 解析主旨大意题通读全文可知,“Accordingtoateamofresearchersananimal’sabilitytoperceive感知timeislinkedtotheirpaceoflife.”为本文的主题句;结合下文内容可知,本文主要介绍了一项研究发现动物感知时间的能力和它们的生活节奏有关,故B项正确5.WhatdoesKevinHealy’smentmeaninPara.2A.Theabilityofanimalstoperceivetimedependsontheirhighmovingspeed.B.Thesurvivaloffastmovinganimalsreliesontheirabilitytoperceivetime.C.Animalswithquickerpaceoflifehavebetterperceptionoftime.D.Animalswithpoorabilityoftimeperceptionhaveashorterlife.B 解析细节理解题根据第二段KevinHealy所说的话可知,KevinHealy认为,对于快速移动的动物来说在短时间内感知时间的能力决定着它们的生死;据此可知,该句是说快速移动的动物的生存依赖于它们对时间的感知能力,故B项正确6.WhycanhousefliesavoidbeinghitA.Theycanthinkverydeeplybeforetheyact.B.Theycanflymuchfasterthantheireyescankeepup.C.Theycanprocessinformationasquicklyastheyreceiveit.D.Theycansendinformationtothebrainmorequicklythantotheireyes.C 解析细节理解题根据第四段的“Theresearchshowsfliesobservemotioninashortertimethanourowneyescanachievewhichallowsthemtoavoidbeinghit.”可知,家蝇能比我们在更短的时间内感知到物体的运动,这是它们得以避免被拍死的原因,故C项正确7.WhatwillatigerbeetlehavetodotocatchamovingpreyA.Trytorunasfastasitcan.B.Preventitselffrombeingblind.C.Slowdowntogainitstimeperception.D.Stopoccasionallytospotthepreyagain.D 解析细节理解题根据第六段可知,虎甲虫虽然奔跑的速度快,但是视力跟不上奔跑的速度,需要偶尔停下来重新确定猎物的位置,故D项正确完形填空2018·山西考前适应性测试MyfatherDannyThomaswasafamousediansingeractorandproducerwithmanyfans.WhenIwasachildI1him.Oncemyfathermadean2withMargaretO’Brienandheoftentookmetotheset.Ialsowantedtobeamoviestar.TenyearslateratageseventeenIgotmy3.IplayedtheleadinGigi.Howeverthe4offinallybeingarealactresswaspainfullyshortlived.Alltheinterviewsandallthereviews5myfather.WouldIbeasgoodasmyfatherWouldIbeaspopularIwasextremely6.Ilovedmyfatherbutmy7wasjusthim.“Daddy,”Ibegan“pleasedon’tbe8whenItellyouthis.Iwanttochangemy
9.IloveyoubutIdon’twanttobeaThomasanymore.”Itriednotto10duringthelongsilence.Andthenhesaid“Iraisedyoutobeathoroughbred优秀的赛马.Whenthoroughbredsruntheywearblinderstokeeptheireyesfocusedstraight11withnodisturbancenootherhorses.Theyhearthecrowdbuttheydon’t
12.Theyjustruntheirownrace.That’swhatyouhavetodo.Don’tlistentoanyone13youtomeortoanyoneelse.Youjustrunyourownrace.”Thenextnight14thecrowdfiledintothetheaterthestagemanager15meawhiteboxwitharedribbon.Iopeneditupandinsidewasapairofoldhorseblinderswithalittlenotethat16,“RunyourownraceBaby.”RunyourownraceBaby.Dadcouldhavesaiditadozenotherways“Be17”;“Don’tbeinfluencedbyothers.”Butitwouldn’thavebeenthesame.Hechosetherightwordsattherighttime.Andall18mylifeI’vebeenabletoetothepointbyaskingmyself“AmIrunningmyraceor19else’s?”Ithankmyfatherforallhiswordsthatcontinuetoliveinmy20.【解题导语】 作者通过自己的经历让我们明白一个人生哲理走好自己的路,让别人说去吧1.A.hated B.adoredC.fearedD.avoidedB 解析根据上文中提及的wasafamousediansingeractorandproducerwithmanyfans可知,作者的父亲是一个著名的喜剧家、歌手、演员及制作人,而且有许多粉丝,因此,作者小时候很崇拜adored他故选B项hate意为“厌恶;憎恨”;fear意为“害怕;恐惧”;avoid意为“避免”2.A.movieB.albumC.recordD.interviewA 解析根据下文中的Ialsowantedtobeamoviestar.可知,此处指作者的父亲跟玛格丽特·奥布赖恩一起拍电影movie,他经常把作者带到拍摄现场故选A项album意为“相册;唱片”;record意为“记录”;interview意为“采访;面试”3.A.positionB.awardC.degreeD.chanceD 解析根据下文中的IplayedtheleadinGigi.可知,作者也想成为一名电影明星,而她在电影《琪琪》中饰演主角,说明作者在17岁时得到了一次机会chance故选D项position意为“职位;位置”;award意为“荣誉;奖励”;degree意为“程度;学位”4.A.affectionB.anxietyC.excitementD.bitternessC 解析联系上文及常识可知,作者实现了当演员的梦想,心情一定是激动的affection意为“感情;喜爱;感染”;anxiety意为“忧虑;担忧”;excitement意为“兴奋;激动”;bitterness意为“痛苦;悲痛;怨恨”故选C项句意为然而痛苦的是,最终成为真正的女演员的激动并未持续很久5.A.focusedonB.reliedonC.appealedtoD.attendedtoA 解析根据下文中的WouldIbeasgoodasmyfather?及从上文可知作者的父亲很有名,所以记者都想从作者身上得到关于她父亲的各种相关信息也就是说,所有的采访和评论的焦点都围绕着父亲focuson意为“集中于”,故选A项relyon意为“依靠;信赖”;appealto意为“上诉;申诉;对……有吸引力;呼吁;恳求”;attendto意为“注意;致力于;关心;照料;护理”6.A.calmB.upsetC.touchedD.guiltyB 解析根据上文可推知,作者本来因为成为真正的演员而感到兴奋,但是几乎没有人关心她自己的努力,只关心她父亲的情况,所以她很心烦upset故选B项calm意为“冷静的”;touched意为“感动的”;guilty意为“内疚的;有罪的”7.A.beliefB.limitC.modelD.problemD 解析作者由于外人都聚焦于父亲而无人关心她的努力而很苦恼,因此,此处指作者爱她的父亲,但她的问题problem就是他故选D项belief意为“信仰;信条”;limit意为“限制;局限”;model意为“模型;典型;模范”8.A.puzzledB.injuredC.hurtD.confusedC 解析根据上文可知,作者因为她的父亲而心烦意乱,再结合下文内容,作者想改名字可知,她不想父亲因此受到伤害puzzled意为“困惑的”;injured意为“受伤的”;hurt意为“受伤的”,可指身心受到伤害;confused意为“困惑的”故选C项9.A.roleB.nameC.schoolD.majorB 解析根据下一句可知,作者不想再用托马斯这个姓了,因此,她想改掉名字name故选B项role意为“角色”;school意为“学校”;major意为“专业”10.A.cryB.smileC.screamD.laughA 解析根据语境,作者说出会让父亲受伤的话,自己肯定也不舒服cry意为“哭泣”;smile意为“微笑”;scream意为“尖叫”;laugh意为“笑;嘲笑”故选A项句意为在一阵长久的沉默中,我努力不去哭泣11.A.aheadB.aroundC.aboutD.asideA 解析当赛马奔跑时,它们会戴着眼罩遮住自己的眼睛,以便把注意力集中在前方ahead,不受任何干扰,也不看其他的马故选A项12.A.hesitateB.moveC.shoutD.listenD 解析根据上文中的hear及but表转折可知,它们听到马群的声音,但是它们不去听,hear与listen相对应故选D项hesitate意为“犹豫;迟疑”;move意为“移动”;shout意为“呼喊”13.A.leadingB.paringC.tyingD.introducingB 解析从上文可知作者不能忍受媒体总是拿她跟她的父亲比较,还因此想改名,她的父亲劝她不要受他人评价的影响结合下文“...Youjustrunyourownrace.”可知,不要在意任何人把她跟父亲比较lead意为“领导;带领”;pare意为“比较”;tie意为“系;打结;与……打成平局”;introduce意为“介绍;引进”故选B项14.A.untilB.thoughC.asD.sinceC 解析句意为第二天晚上,在观众排队进入影院的时候,舞台经理递给我一个系着一条红丝带的白色盒子根据句意可知,设空处表示“当……的时候”,引导时间状语从句故选C项until意为“直到”;though意为“尽管”;since意为“自从;既然;由于”,均不符合语境15.A.deliveredB.handedC.droppedD.pressedB 解析根据下文中的Iopeneditup可知,此处指舞台经理递给handed作者一个盒子故选B项deliver意为“邮寄;发表;接生”;drop意为“放弃;下降”;press意为“压;挤;推;施加压力”16.A.wroteB.showedC.printedD.readD 解析设空后的“RunyourownraceBaby.”是纸条上写的内容write意为“写”;show意为“显示;说明”;print意为“印刷;打印”此处指纸条上“写着”,应用read故选D项17.A.gratefulB.modestC.independentD.considerateC 解析句意为爸爸本来可以用许多其他方式说出这句话“要独立independent”;“不要被其他人影响”据上文可知,父亲的意思就是要独立,故选C项grateful意为“感激的”;modest意为“谦虚的;谦逊的;适度的;端庄的”;considerate意为“考虑周到的;体贴的”,均不符合语境18.A.towardB.beyondC.throughD.behindC 解析句意为在我整个through人生中,我已经能直奔主题扪心自问“我现在是在参加自己的比赛还是其他人的呢?”allthrough后接时间表示“整个……”toward意为“朝;向”;beyond意为“超出”;behind意为“在……后面”,均不符合语境故选C项19.A.somebodyB.everyoneC.nobodyD.everybodyA 解析or表示选择,根据设空前的runningmyrace可知,设空处指“其他人的”根据语境可知选A项20.A.recognitionB.dreamC.experienceD.heartD 解析作者非常感谢父亲,谢谢他那些将继续深藏于作者内心heart的话故选D项recognition意为“识别;承认;认出;重视;赞誉;公认”;dream意为“梦想”;experience意为“经历;经验”,均不符合语境。