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专题02TheUnitedKingdom【高频单词】1.unitevi.vt.联合;团结→unitedadj.团结的;联合的→unionn.联合;联盟;结合;协会2.consistvi.组成;在于;一致→consistentadj.一致的3.conveniencen.便利;方便→convenientadj.方便的4.attractvt.吸引;引起注意→attractionn.吸引;吸引力→attractiveadj.有吸引力的5.descriptionn.描写;描述→describevt.描述;形容;描绘6.furnishedadj.配备好装备的;带家具的→furnishvt.装备;用家具等布置房间、公寓;提供7.possibilityn.可能性→possibleadj.可能的;合理的8.arrangevt.筹备;安排;整理→arrangementn.布置;整理9.delightn.快乐;高兴;喜悦vt.使高兴;使欣喜→delightedadj.高兴的;快乐的→delightfuladj.令人高兴的10.foldvt.折叠;对折→反义词unfoldvt.展开;打开;呈现11.thrillvt.使激动;使胆战心惊→thrilledadj.激动的12.clarifyvt.澄清;阐明→clarifiedadj.得到净化的13.acplishvt.完成;达到;实现→acplishmentn.完成;成就14.unwillingadj.不愿意的;不乐意的→unwillinglyadv.不愿意地;无奈地→unwillingnessn.不愿意;无奈15.roughadj.粗糙的;粗暴的→roughlyadv.粗略地;粗糙地16.enjoyableadj.令人愉快的;使人高兴的→enjoyvt.享受……的乐趣;欣赏;喜爱→enjoymentn.愉快;快乐;乐趣【重点短语】1.consist_of由……组成2.divide...into把……分成3.break_away_from挣脱束缚;脱离4.to_ones_credit为……带来荣誉;值得赞扬;在……名下5.leave_out省去;遗漏;不考虑6.take_the_place_of代替7.break_down机器损坏;破坏8.refer_to谈到;说到;参考;涉及9.make_a_list_of列出一张……的清单10.on_special_occasions在特殊场合11.be_proud_of对……感到骄傲12.in_memory_of为纪念……【热点句型】1.find+宾语+宾语补足语NowwhenpeoplerefertoEnglandyoufindWalesincluded_as_well发现……也包括在内.2.do表示强调,强调谓语动词Totheircreditthefourcountriesdo_work_together的确共同协作insomeareasegthecurrencyandinternationalrelationsbuttheystillhaveverydifferentinstitutions.3.过去分词短语作后置定语Forhistoricalarchitectureyouhavetogotoolderbutsmallertownsbuilt_by被……建造theRomans.4.过去分词短语作状语Worried_about_the_time_available担心时间不够ZhangPingyuhadmadealistofthesitesshewantedtoseeinLondon5.状语从句的省略Itlookedsplendidwhen_first_built刚建成的时候!6.Itseems/is...that...“似乎……”It_seemed_strangethat这似乎是一件怪事themanwhohaddevelopedmunismshouldhavelivedanddiedinLondon.高频考点
一、单词例
1、consistvi.组成;在于;一致HowmanycountriesdoestheUKconsistof?英国是由几个部分国家组成的?【归纳拓展】1consistof=bemadeupof由……组成;由……构成consistin在于2consistentadj.相容的;一致的beconsistentwith和……一致/相符【名师点睛】consistof一般不用于被动语态和进行时,其同义短语有bemadeupof;beposedof【语境助记】
①Studentsareprovidedwithbreakfastdinnerandeitheracookedorpackedlunchwhichconsists_ofasandwichadrinkandadessert.学生们会被供以早餐、晚餐还有一顿做好的或打包好的午餐由一个三明治、一杯饮料和一份甜点组成
②Successconsists_intheabilitytocontinueeffortsthroughfailures.成功在于历经失败持续努力的能力
③Ifwhatyousayis_not_consistent_withwhatyoudoitwillhaveabadeffectonyourchildren.如果你言行不一,那将对孩子有不好的影响例
2、conveniencen.便利;方便;便利的事物Englandisthelargestofthefourcountriesandforconvenienceitisdividedroughlyintothreezones.英格兰是四个国家中最大的,为方便起见,它大致可划分成三个地区【归纳拓展】1forconvenience为了方便起见atonesconvenience在某人方便的时候fortheconvenienceof...为了方便……2convenientadj.方便的;便利的ifitisconvenientto/foryou如果你方便的话Itisconvenientforsb.todosth.某人方便做某事3inconveniencen.不方便;不便inconvenientadj.不方便的【名师点睛】convenient作表语时,不可用人作主语,而要用物作主语或用it作形式主语“当你方便的时候”应翻译成whenitisconvenientforyou,而不是whenyouareconvenient【语境助记】
①Whenyouetoschoolpleasevisitmyofficeat_your_convenience.你来学校时,请方便时到我的办公室来一下
②Ifitsconvenient_foryouletsmeetat830outsidetheschoolgate.如果方便的话,让我们830在校门口见
③Imconvincedthatitwillbemoreconvenient_for_people_to_doshoppingonlineinthefuture.我相信未来人们网上购物会变得更加方便例
3、attractvt.吸引;引起注意Itisapitythattheindustrialcitiesbuiltinthenineteenthcenturydonotattractvisitors.可惜的是,这些建于19世纪的工业城市不吸引游客【归纳拓展】1attractonesattention吸引某人的注意力attractsb.tosth.吸引某人关注某事beattractedby被……所吸引2attractionn.有趣的东西;吸引人之物3attractiveadj.有吸引力的beattractiveto对……有吸引力【语境助记】
①Hernewclothesareattractingalotofattention.她的新衣服引起了很大关注
②Eventheyoungestchildrenintheclasswere_attracted_bythestory.即使是班里最小的孩子都被这个故事所吸引
③Thisprogrammehaslittleattractionfortheaudience.这个节目对观众几乎没有一点吸引力
④Butfortouristslikemepandasareitstopattraction.但是对于像我这样的游客,熊猫是它最具吸引力的东西了例
4、arrangevt.筹备;安排;整理Theyhadnotimetoarrangetheirownweddingsotheyhaditorganizedbyapany.他们没有时间筹备自己的婚礼,因此他们让一家公司代为组织【归纳拓展】1arrangeforsth.整理/安排/筹划某事arrangeto_dosth.安排做某事arrangeforsb./sth.todosth.安排某人/某物做某事2arrangementn.安排;准备makearrangements/anarrangementfor...为……做安排【名师点睛】表示“安排某人做某事”用arrangeforsb.todosth.,而不用arrangesb.todosth.【语境助记】
①Parentsarrange_everything_for_their_childrenandsparenoefforttopavethewayfortheirsuccess.父母为孩子准备好一切,不遗余力地为他们的成功铺路
②Shearranged_foraflightonasmallplanetobeheldformererouted改道methroughNewarkandgotmebacktotheUKevenearlierthanoriginallyscheduled.她为我安排了一架小型飞机,让我改道在纽瓦克转机,我回到英国的时间比原本计划的时间还要早
③Haveyouarranged_to_meetMarkthisweekend你安排好周末与马克会面了吗?
④Iamlookingforwardtobeingtoldaboutyour_arrangementsofvacation.我盼望着你告诉我你的假期安排例
5、delightn.快乐;高兴;喜悦vt.使高兴;使欣喜HerfirstdelightwasgoingtotheTower.她最先想参观的地方是伦敦塔【归纳拓展】1令某人非常高兴的是takedelightin以……为乐withdelight高兴地2delightedadj.高兴的;快乐的bedelightedto_dosth.乐意做某事bedelightedat因……感到高兴3delightfuladj.使人快乐的;宜人的【语境助记】
①To_my_delight_Iwaschosenfromhundredsofapplicantstoattendtheopeningceremony.令我高兴的是,在几百个申请者中我被选中参加开幕式
②Wetake_delight_ingoingforlongwalksinthecountry.我们乐于去乡间远足
③Iwasdelighted_atthepresenceofsuchastudent.我对这样一个学生的出现感到很高兴
④Thanksfortheinvitation;Idbe_delighted_toe.谢谢你的邀请;我很乐意来
⑤Itsdelightful_to_seesomanybeautifulflowers.看到这么多漂亮的花真令人高兴高频考点
二、短语例
1、divide...into...把……分成……Englandcanbedividedintothreemainareas英格兰可以划分为三个主要地区【归纳拓展】【语境助记】
①Asentencecanbedividedupintomeaningfulsegments.一个句子可以划分成有意义的若干部分
②Wedividedtheworkbetweenus.我们共同分担这项工作
③Thegovernmentisdividedonthisissue.政府在这个问题上意见不统一【易混辨析】divide...into...常指把某个整体划分为若干部分separate...from...表示“将……与……分开”,指把原来连在一起或靠近的事物分隔开来例
2、taketheplaceof代替Allofthewordsbelowcantaketheplaceofsaidbuttheyareusedunderdifferentconditions...下面所有的单词都可以代替said,但它们用于不同的情况……【归纳拓展】takeplace发生;举行不及物动词短语,无被动语态takeonesplace取代某人intheplaceof代替;取代inplace在适当的位置out_ofplace不适当的;不在适当的位置上【语境助记】
①[牛津高阶]putershavetaken_the_place_of_typewritersinmostoffices.在大多数办公室,电脑已经取代了打字机
②The31stOlympicGamestook_placeinBrazilin
2016.第三十一届奥运会于2016年在巴西举行
③Shecouldntattendthemeetingsoherassistanttook_her_place.她不能参加会议,所以她的助手代她出席
④In_place_ofouradvertisedprogrammewewillbeshowingafilm.我们将放映一部电影来代替广告节目
⑤Thechairsfortheconcertwerenearlyallin_place.音乐会要用的椅子差不多都摆好了例
3、breakdown机器出故障;计划、希望、谈判等失败;身体垮掉;分解Onmywaytothestationmycarbrokedown.在去车站的路上,我的汽车坏了【归纳拓展】【语境助记】
①写出下列句中breakdown的含义a.Thecarbrokedownonthewaytotheairport.车辆抛锚b.Yourhealthwillbreakdownifyouworktoohard.身体垮掉c.Plasticbagsaredifficulttobreakdown.分解d.Thepeacetalksbrokedownwithnoagreementreached.谈判失败
②[2016·北京高考]NortonSoundwascoveredwithicewhichcouldsometimesbreak_upwithoutwarning.诺顿湾被冰层覆盖,而有时冰层会悄无声息地破裂
③Scientiststhinktheyarebeginningtobreak_throughinthefightagainstcancer.科学家认为他们在对抗癌症的研究中开始有所突破高频考点
三、句型例
1、Itlookedsplendidwhen_first_built!刚建成时,它圣保罗大教堂看起来真是金碧辉煌!【归纳拓展】1当when引导的状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致或主语为it,且谓语部分是动词be的某种形式,这时可把从句的主语或it连同谓语动词be省略掉,省略后的部分为“when+分词/介词短语/形容词/名词短语等”2引导状语从句时可以省略的连词还有whileonceasasifwhenunlessuntilevenifthoughif等【语境助记】
①Once_it_is_seen_itllneverbeforgotten.一旦见到,它就不会被忘记
②When_I_was_planningEncyclopaediaBritannica《大英百科全书》,Ihadtocreateatableofcontentsbasedonthetopicsofitsarticles.但计划《大英百科全书》的时候,我不得不以它里边文章的话题为基础创建了一个内容表
③If_you_are_acceptedforthejobyoullbeinformedsoon.如果你被录用做这份工作的话,你会很快被通知的
④If__it_is_possible_Illgotoseemygrandparentsthisweekend.如果有可能的话,这周末我去看我的祖父母
⑤Becarefulwhen_you_are_crossing_the_street.过街时要当心2It_seemed_strange_thatthemanwhohaddevelopedmunismshould_have_lived_and_diedinLondon.这似乎令人不可思议这位发展了共产主义的人竟然在伦敦生活过,并且在伦敦去世【归纳拓展】1在“It+系动词+形容词strangenecessarynaturalimportantthat...”句型里,that引导的主语从句的谓语动词常用虚拟语气,形式为“should+动词原形”,should可以省略2在Itis/wassuggestedorderedrequireddesiredadvocatedetc.that...句型中,that引导的主语从句用虚拟语气,形式为“should+动词原形”,should可以省略【语境助记】
①Itisstrangethathe_should_have_donesuchsillythings.真是奇怪,他竟然做出如此愚蠢的事情
②Itisremendedthattheplanshould_be_put_off.有人建议推迟这个计划3NowwhenpeoplerefertoEnglandyoufind_Wales_includedaswell.现在当人们谈到英格兰时,你会发现威尔士也被包含在内【归纳拓展】1本句属于“find+宾语+作宾语补足语的过去分词”结构,其中过去分词是对宾语Wales进行补充说明,与Wales之间存在被动关系2“find+宾语+宾语补足语”的句型结构常为【语境助记】
①[牛津高阶]Theyfound_him_to_becharming.他们觉得他很招人喜欢
②Isuddenlyfound_myself_runningdownthestreet.我突然发觉自己不知不觉沿着街道跑了起来
③Ifoundita_boring_film.我发现那是一部乏味的影片
④Ihopetofindyouin_better_spiritswhenwemeetagain.我希望我们下次见面时,你的精神状况会更好
⑤Youmayfind_it_hardtoacceptyourillness.你可能觉得难以接受自己的疾病高频考点
四、语法过去分词作宾补
1、宾语补足语一般放在宾语之后,对宾语起补充说明的作用,而过去分词作宾补,一般表示被动或完成的意义,宾语是过去分词动作的对象Inoticedtheircarparkedoutside.
2、能用过去分词作宾补的几类动词1表示感觉和心理状态的动词,如seehearwatchfeelthinkfindnoticelistento等Hewasabouttoenterthehallwhenheheardhisnamecalled.2表示“致使”意义的动词,如makegethavekeep,leave等Lucyhasagreatsenseofhumourandalwaysketifhercolleaguesamusedwithherstories.【名师点睛】“have+宾语+过去分词”的三种用法
①表示让别人做某事MrsBrownwasmuchdisappointedtoseethewashingmachineshehadhadrepairedwentwrongagain.
②表示“遭遇某种不幸;受到打击”等Mysisterhadherwalletstolenonabuslastmonth.
③表示自己完成某事或自己参与完成某事LiHuahopesthathisEnglishteacherwillsuggestagoodwaytohavehisEnglishimprovedinashortperiodoftime.3表示“希望,愿望或要求”等意义的词,如wantwishlikeexpectorder等Theteacherwouldntliketheproblemdiscussedatthemoment.4用在“with+名词/代词+过去分词”结构中,表示宾语和宾补之间是被动关系Withtheworkfinishedtheywenttotheseasideforaholiday.
3、现在分词与过去分词作宾补的区别Ifoundhimlyingonthegrassjustnow.Ifoundhimburiedinanovel.【2018·全国I】假定你是李华,你的新西兰朋友Terry将去中国朋友家做客,发邮件向你询问有关习俗请你回复邮件内容包括
1.到达时间;
2.合适的礼物;【答案】DearTerryHowareyoudoingLearningthatyouareabouttopayavisittoaChinesefriendandconfusedabouttheChinesecustomsIamwritingtoinformyouofsomerelevantdetails.FirstlyIwouldliketosuggestthatyouarrive5to10minutesearlierwhichismoninChinesetraditionalculture.SecondlyifIwereyouIwouldbringsomegiftswithmesuchassouvenirsfrommyowncountry.Besidestablemannersarealsowhatyoushouldpayattentionto.Forexampleyouarenotsupposedtostickyourchopsticksintoyourfood.Insteadlayingthemonyourdishisasmartchoice.Hopefullythesesuggestionswillbehelpfulforyou.Bestwishes!YoursLiHua【2018·全国II】你受学生会委托为校宣传栏“英语天地”写一则通知,请大家观看一部英语短片GrowingTogether,内容包括1短片内容学校的发展;2放映时间、地点;3欢迎对短片提出意见注意1词数100左右;2可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯【答案】Onepossibleversion:BoysandgirlsIhavegoodnewsforyou.TheEnglishfilmGrowingTogethermadebyourteachersandsomeseniorstudentswillbedisplayedthisweekend.Itshowsusthewholehistoryofschool’sdevelopmentwhichisIthinktheattractiontous.Ifyouarecuriousaboutthehistoryofourschoolorconcernedaboutitsfutureyoumustn’tmissthisexcellentopportunity!Besidesallyoursuggestionsandmentsaboutthisfilmwillbewele.ItwillbedisplayedintheSchoolFilmHallfrom9:00amto10:00amJune9thSaturday.That’sall.Thankyou.TheStudentsUnionJune82018【2018·全国III】假定你是李华,你的英国朋友Peter来信询问你校学生体育运动情况请给他回信,内容包括
1.学校的体育场馆;
2.主要的运动项目;
3.你喜欢的项目注意
1.词数100左右
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】DearPeterIamexceedinglydelightedtohearfromyou.Youaskedmeinyourlastletteraboutthephysicalexerciseinourschoolandthefollowinginformationmaygiveyouaroughsketch.Tobeginwithafabulousnewstadiumhasbeenbuiltupwhichhasbeethenewlandmarkinourschool.Moreoverwiththestadiumsetupawiderangeofsportseventsareabletobeheldofwhichping-pongfootballaswellasrunningpetitionsenjoygreatpopularity.AsformeI’mintoxicatedwithbasketballsinceithasbeengivingmestrengthtoconfrontthechallengesinmylife.AllinallIsincerelyinviteyoutoetoourschoolandseeforyourself.YoursLiHua【2018·北京】假设你是红星中学高三学生李华,你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他对中国文化感兴趣,计划明年来北京上大学他向你咨询相关信息请给他回邮件,内容包括1表示欢迎;2推荐他上哪所大学;3建议他做哪些准备工作注意
1.词数不少于50;
2.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数DearJim________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________YoursLiHua【答案】DearJimI’msogladtohearyourfutureeducationplaninBeijinginyourlastletter.FirstIwouldliketoexpressmywarmestweletoyouandIamsureyouwillhavethemostunforgettableexperienceduringyourcollegeinBeijing.LearningyourkeeninterestinChinesecultureIsuggestyouapplyforPekingUniversityoneofthebestuniversitiesinChina.ItsChineseLiteraturemajorisperfectforyouwhereyoucanbepletelysoakedinChineseprofoundhistoryandrichculture.AsforpreparationsomereadinginadvanceisneededlikeTheStoryoftheStonewhilesomeonlinecoursesofspokenChinesecanbehelpfulforyoutoadaptintotheChineselanguageenvironment.Isincerelyhopeyourdreamwilletrueandit’smypleasuretoshowyouaroundinBeijingwhenthatdayes.Ifyouhavefurtherquestionspleasefeelfreetoletmeknow.YoursLiHua
3.【2017·新课标III】阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式Shelookslikeanyotherschoolgirlfresh-facedandfulloflife.SarahThomasislookingforwardtochallengeofhernewA-levelcourse.Butunlikeschoolfriends16-year-oldSarahisnotspendinghalf-term61realInsteadsheisearning$6500adayas62modelinNewYork.Sarah63tellthatshecouldbeBritain’snewsupermodelearningamilliondollarsinthenewyear.HerfatherPeter44wanthertogiveupschooltomodelfulltimeButSarah64hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodelswants65provethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeautysheisdeterminedtocarryonwithher66educate.Shehasturneddownseveral67invitationtostaratshowsinordertoconcentrateonherstudiesAfterschoolsheplanstotakeayearofftomodelfulltimebeforegoingtouniversitytogetadegree68engineeringorarchitecture.SarahsaysMydadthinksIshouldtaketheoffernow.Butatthemomentschool69efirst.Idontwanttogettooabsorbedinmodeling.Itis70certainfunbutthelifestyleisalittleunreal.IdontwanttohavenothingelsetofallbackonwhenIcantmodelmymore.【文章大意】本文是一篇人物类记叙文,介绍了SarahThomas在学业和诱人的职业面前所做出的选择,她认为在青少年时期学业要放在首位
61.resting考查非谓语动词固定短语spendtimedoingsth
62.a考查冠词model是可数名词,前面没有限定词,而此处泛指“一个”,故填a
63.wastold考查动词根据句意判断谓语动词应该用一般过去时的被动形式,主语Sarah是第三人称单数,故填wastold64.这里含有一个非限制性定语从句,且关系词在从句中作主语,指人,所以填who69.在一般现在时中,主语是第三人称单数,所以填es70.用副词修饰形容词
4.【2017·浙江卷】阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式LastOctoberwhiletendinghergardeninMoraSwedenLenaPahlssonpulledoutahandfulofsmall56carrotandwasabouttothrowthemaway.Butsomethingmadeherlookcloserandshenoticeda57shineobject.Yestherebeneaththeleafytopofonetinycarrotwasherlong-lostweddingring.Pahlssonscreamed58loudlythatherdaughtercamerunningfromthehouse.“shethoughtIhadhurt59I”saysPahlssonSixteenyears60earlyPahlssonhadremovedthediamondring61cookameal.Whenshewantedtoputtheringbackonlateritwasgone.Shesuspectedthatoneofherthreedaughters—thenteneightandsix—hadpickeditupbutthegirlssaidtheyhadnt.Pahlssonandherhusband62searchthekitchencheckingeverycornerbutturnedupnothing.“Igaveuphopeoffindingmyringagainshesays.Sheneverreplacedit.Pahlssonandherhusbandnowthinktheringprobablygot63sweepintoapileofkitchenrubbishandwasspreadoverthegarden64itremaineduntilthecarrot’sleafytopaccidentallysprouted生长throughit.ForPahlssonitsreturnwas65wonder.【解析】本文是一篇记叙文主要讲述了LenaPahlsson在花园里采摘胡萝卜时,找到了丢失已久的结婚戒指的那种失而复得心情
56.考查名词根据“onetinycarrotwasherlong-lostweddingring.”,及“ahandfulof”,可知用名词复数,故填carrots
56.考查形容词“shenoticeda57shineobject”a为冠词,object为名词,横线处应填写形容词故填shiny或shining
56.考查固定句式根据“Pahlssonscreamed58loudlythatherdaughtercamerunningfromthehouse”,so…that如此…以至于,故填so
56.考查代词Ihadhurt59I,主语为I横线处为宾语,替代主语时,应用代词故填myself
56.考查形容词saysPahlssonSixteenyears60early,用形容词比较级修饰Sixteenyears,Sixteenyearsearlier16年前;故填earlier
56.考查动词不定式Pahlssonhadremovedthediamondring61cookameal,一个句子不能出现双重谓语,所以用不定式表目的状语故填tocook
56.考查动词时态根据“butturnedupnothing”,可知句子为过去时,“Pahlssonandherhusband62searchthekitchen”故填searched
56.考查动词“Pahlssonandherhusbandnowthinktheringprobablygot63sweepintoapileofkitchenrubbish”,ring与sweep之间是被动关系,故填swept65.句意它的回来(指戒指失而复得)是一件很奇妙的事wonder在这句话中的词性是名词,可数名词单数前需要加冠词故填a。