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Unit5Thepowerofnature
一、阅读理解(2018·长春七校第一次联考)ThereisapopularsayingintheEnglishlanguage“Sticksandstonesmaybreakmybones,butwordswillneverhurtme.”Well,thatisnottrue.Unkindwords,namecallingoreventhesocalled“thesilenttreatment”canhurtchildrenasmuchasbeingphysicallyhit,sometimesevenmoreso.Arecentstudyofmiddleschoolchildrenshowedthatverbal(言语的)abusebyotherchildrencanharmdevelopmentinthebrain.ThestudywasaprojectofresearchersatHarvardMedicalSchoolinMassachusetts.ResearcherMartinTeicherandhisteamstudiedyoungadults,aged18to
25.Theseyoungmenandwomenhadnoteverbeentreatedinacruelorviolentwaybytheirparents.Theresearchersaskedtheyoungpeopletoratetheirchildhoodexposuretoverbalabusefrombothparentsandotherchildren.Thentheresearchersperformedimagingtestsonthebrainsofthesubjects.Theimagesshowedthatthepeoplewhoreportedsufferingverbalabusefrompeersinmiddleschoolhadunderdevelopedconnectionsbetweentheleftandrightsideofthebrain.Thetwosidesofthebrainareconnectedbyalargebundleofconnectingfiberscalledthecorpuscallosum.Thiswastheareathatwasunderdeveloped.Themiddleschoolyearsareatimewhenthesebrainconnectionsaredeveloping.So,unkind,hurtfulmentsfromchildrenoradultsduringthisperiodhavethegreatesteffect.Theresearcherstestedthementalandemotionalconditionofalltheyoungpeopleinthestudy.Thetestsshowedthatthissamegroupofpeoplehadhigherlevelsoffear,depression,angeranddrugabusethanothersinthestudy.TheresearcherspublishedtheirfindingsonlineontheAmericanJournalofPsychiatry’swebsite.Parentscannotcontrolwhatotherpeoplesaytotheirchildren,buttheycanpreparetheirchildren.【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文马萨诸塞州哈佛医学院的研究人员发现,语言暴力会干扰大脑神经的连接,对孩子的大脑发育造成不良影响
1.Whydoestheauthorusethepopularsayingatthebeginning?A.Toshowthepowerofwords.B.Tointroduceanoppositeview.C.Toprovetheauthor’sargument.D.Toshowancientpeople’swisdom.B 解析写作意图题根据此谚语后面的“Well,thatisnottrue...hurtchildrenasmuchasbeingphysicallyhit,sometimesevenmoreso.”可知,本文引用这个谚语是为了引出一个不同的或者说是相反的观点,故选B
2.Whatdidthesubjectshaveinmon?A.Theywerehurtbyunkindwords.B.Theyperformedpoorlyinimagingtests.C.Theyhadtheirbrainslightlydamaged.D.Theyexperiencednophysicalabuseathome.D 解析细节理解题根据第二段中的“Theseyoungmenandwomenhadnoteverbeentreatedinacruelorviolentwaybytheirparents.”可知,这些实验对象都没有遭受过父母的残酷或暴力对待,也就是说,他们在家里都没受到过身体上的虐待,故选D
3.Whatwillbediscussedinthenextparagraph?A.mentsonthefindings.B.Approachestofurtherstudies.C.Suggestionstoparents.D.Differentopinionsonthematter.C 解析推理判断题根据文章最后一段可知,作者接下来应该会就“父母如何帮助自己的孩子为可能遭受的语言暴力做好准备,使他们不会受到语言暴力的影响”给出一些方法或建议故选C
4.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A.Thewaywespeakmatters.B.Verbalviolenceshouldbestopped.C.Unkindwordshurtthebrain.D.Wordsareworsethansticksandstones.C 解析主旨大意题文章介绍了语言暴力对孩子的不良影响,再根据文中第二段的“verbal(言语的)abusebyotherchildrencanharmdevelopmentinthebrain”可以看出,其影响主要体现在孩子的大脑发育方面故选C
二、单句语法填空1.Thefearofallkindsofexaminationscanbeasourceofdeep___________anxioustomanystudents.答案anxiety2.Toshowour___________appreciateforallyourhardworkwe’dliketogiveyouabonus.答案appreciation3.浙江卷AmieSalmondisabledisattendedthroughoutherschooldaysbyanurse___________appointtoguardher.答案appointed4.Anewrailwaystationissaid___________buildinmyhometownin
2020.答案tobebuilt5.Iwasabouttohandinthepaper___________Ifoundanothermistakeandthencorrecteditcarefully.答案when6.2018·浙江省级规范化学校检测Timeispreciousforusstudents,soinmyopinion,makinga___________suittimetableisnecessaryandimportantforustomakegooduseofourtime.答案suitable7.___________waitinthequeueforhalfanhourtheoldmansuddenlyrealizedhehadleftthechequeinthecar.答案Havingwaited8.Hehurriedtotheclassroomonly___________findnonetherewhichmadehimveryupset.答案tofind9.Themobilephone___________guaranteeforaroundoneyear,butitwaswrongonlyonemonthlater.答案wasguaranteed10.Thesunbegantoriseinthesky___________bathethemountainingoldenlight.答案bathing
三、完形填空(2018·安徽百所重点高中模拟)Tenyearsago,adoctortoldmesomethingwaswrongwithmylungandIhadtogiveupworkatonceandwenttobed.Iwastotally 1 andfeltIwassuddenlyplacedunder 2 ofdeathwithanindefinitereprieve(缓刑).Aftercarefulthought,I 3 myaffairs;thenIwenthomeandgotintobed.Buttwoyearslater,Ileftmybedand 4 thelongclimbback.Itwasanotheryear 5 Imadeit.Ispeakofthisexperiencebecausethesepastyearshave 6 mewhattovalueandwhattobelieve.I 7 nowthatthisworldisnotmyoyster(牡蛎)tobeopenedbutmy 8 tobegrasped.I’vealsolearnedthatit’snecessaryto 9 thoselittle,butimportantthingsIneverthoughtIwould 10 before themusicofthewindinmyfavoritepinetree,the 11 ofsunlightonrunningwater.Iseemnow,withsomeofthe 12 freshnessofchildhood,tohearandsee.Howwell, 13 ,IrecallthetouchoftheearththedayIfirststeppeduponitaftertheyearsinbed.Itwaslike 14 one’scitizenshipinaworldonehadnearlylost.Frequently,I 15 myselfthatIneedmakenotesofthis 16 I’mlivinginnow,becauseinitI’mwell, 17 doingwhatIlikebest.Itwon’talwaysbelikethis, 18 I’llmakethemostofitandbegrateful.I 19 allthistothatlongtimespentinbed.Wiserpeopleetothis 20 withouthavingtoacquireitthehardway.ButIwasn’twiseenough.I’mwisernow,alittle,andhappier.【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文一场重病让作者明白了什么是人生中最重要的东西因此他对自己当下所拥有的倍加珍惜,并心存感激
1.A.confused B.shockedC.determinedD.annoyedB 解析根据上文中的“Tenyearsago,adoctortoldmesomethingwaswrongwithmylungandIhadtogiveupworkatonceandwenttobed.”可知,当被告知自己的肺部出了问题且不得不立即放弃工作卧床休息时作者感到非常震惊(shocked)confused“困惑的”;determined“坚决的”;annoyed“恼怒的”
2.A.trialB.pressureC.sentenceD.controlC 解析作者突然觉得自己好像是被判了死缓一样根据语境尤其是下文的“withanindefinitereprieve(缓刑)”可知,此处应选sentence“宣判,判刑”undersentenceofdeath“被判处死刑”
3.A.madeupB.setupC.tookupD.clearedupD 解析仔细思考之后,作者把手头的事务处理掉,然后回家了根据上文中的“Ihadtogiveupworkatonceandwenttobed”可知,clearup“解决,清理”符合语境makeup“组成,编造”;setup“设立”;takeup“开始从事,占据”
4.A.recalledB.beganC.avoidedD.acceptedB 解析两年后,作者离开了病床,开始(began)了漫长的重回之前的生活状态的“攀登”recall“回忆起”;avoid“避免”;accept“接受”
5.A.whenB.afterC.sinceD.beforeD 解析过了一年,作者就做到了Itwas/is+一段时间+before...是固定句型,意为“过了……才/就……”
6.A.assignedB.taughtC.treatedD.assuredB 解析作者谈及这段经历是因为那些过去的岁月教会(taught)了作者应该珍惜什么,相信什么assign“分配,分派”;treat“招待”;assure“使确信”
7.A.admitB.demandC.expectD.realizeD 解析现在作者意识到(realize)这个世界不是等待他去打开的牡蛎,而是需要他去抓住的机会admit“承认”;demand“要求”;expect“期待,期望”
8.A.knowledgeB.opportunityC.attentionD.pointB 解析参见上题解析grasptheopportunity“抓住机会”,是固定搭配knowledge“知识”;attention“注意力”;point“观点”
9.A.dismissB.listC.defineD.appreciateD 解析作者也学会了欣赏(appreciate)那些不起眼的但很重要的东西,而作者之前从未想过自己会去注意这些东西dismiss“不予理会,不予考虑”;list“列举”;define“给……下定义,解释”
10.A.noticeB.recordC.rememberD.trackA 解析参见上题解析notice“注意到”;record“记录”;remember“记得”;track“跟踪”
11.A.shadowB.shakeC.playD.feelingC 解析play“轻快变幻的动作,闪烁”,theplayofsunlightonrunningwater“阳光在流动水面上的闪烁”
12.A.damagedB.recoveredC.fadedD.changedB 解析作者重新找回了童年时期看待事物的新鲜感recovered“重新获得的,重新找到的”,符合语境
13.A.incontrastB.inreturnC.forinstanceD.bychanceC 解析比如,回想起自己卧床两年后重新踏上这片土地的感觉有多好forinstance“比如,例如”,符合语境incontrast“相反”;inreturn“作为回报”;bychance“偶然地”
14.A.maintainingB.regainingC.discoveringD.forgettingB 解析这就像在一个差点失去的世界中重新获得公民身份一样regain“重新得到”和下文的“lost”相对应maintain“维持”;discover“发现”;forget“忘记”
15.A.remindB.promiseC.adviseD.convinceA 解析作者经常提醒自己要记下这个自己现在生活的时刻,因为活在此刻,作者是健康且快乐的,而且能做自己最喜欢做的事情remind“提醒”,符合语境promise“许诺,允诺”;advise“建议”;convince“使相信”
16.A.countryB.momentC.memoryD.inspirationB 解析参见上题解析moment“时刻”;inspiration“灵感”
17.A.pleasedB.courageousC.confidentD.strongA 解析pleased“快乐的,高兴的”;courageous“勇敢的”;confident“自信的”;strong“坚强的”下文中的“I’mwisernow,alittle,andhappier.”亦是提示
18.A.meanwhileB.otherwiseC.howeverD.thereforeD 解析它不会总是如这般存在,因此作者会充分利用它并心存感激上下文之间是因果关系,故用thereforemeanwhile“与此同时”;otherwise“否则”;however“然而”
19.A.applyB.oweC.contributeD.adaptB 解析作者将这一切都归功于他卧病在床的那段漫长时光owe...to...“把……归功于……”,是固定用法
20.A.awarenessB.agreementC.mentD.promiseA 解析更有智慧的人无需被困到如此境地也能明白这些道理awareness“意识,明白”符合语境promise“妥协”
四、单句改错1.Afteradmiringthebeautifulviewshemadehiswaytothenextdestination.___________答案his→her2.AsfarasIknowitisabsoluteimpossibletofinishitinfivedays.___________答案absolute→absolutely3.Thecarburnsmorefuelbuttakeallthingsintoconsiderationit’sstillagoodcar.___________答案take→taking4.“Tommyrun!Bequick!Thehouseisonfire!”themothershoutedatapanic.___________答案at→in5.ChangbaishanisChina’slargestnaturereserveandishomeforagreatdiversityofrareplantsandanimals.___________答案for→to
五、单元语法——v.ing形式作状语1.2015·湖南卷Whentheclerksawakindfacewrinkledinanapologeticsmile,shestoodrootedtotheground,___________wonderwhethertostayorleave.答案wondering2.___________telltostayathome,hecouldn’tgoouttoplaywithhisfriends.答案Havingbeentold3.___________sufferdefeatafterdefeat,thesuffererbegantolosefaithinhimself.答案Havingsuffered4.Peoplefromallthecornerscametothecitycenter,___________makeitverycrowded.答案making5.2018·河南罗山高中模拟___________illforafewdaysshedoesn’tfeellikeeatinganything.答案Beingill。