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2019年高考英语语法必考考点
(2)冠词含解析【考点解读】高考对冠词的考查每年至少有一道题,单项选择一般设两空,以增加覆盖面和难度考生在冠词试题上失分较多,主要是缺乏语感,对一些知识点掌握不够透彻高考冠词主要考查其基本用法,包括定冠词与不定冠词的区别用法、名词前省略冠词的场合、特指与泛指的区分以及习语中冠词的用法等考点
一、考查不定冠词a/an表示个别或泛指的用法1用在可数名词前表示“一个”,含义上相当于“one”如Thedevelopmentofindustryhasbeenagradualprocessthroughouthumanexistencefromstonetoolstomoderntechnology.2与单数可数名词连用,表示某一类人或事物;亦可泛指某一类人或事物中的“任何一个”如Itisgenerallyacceptedthataboymustlearntostandupandfightlikeaman.3用在抽象名词或物质名词前,表示“一种,一次,一类”等意义如Hehadastrongdislikeforcoldweather.4用在序数词前,表示“再一,又一”如Hemissedthegoldinthehighjumpbutwillgetasecondchanceinthelongjump.5用在专有名词前,相当于“一位,一个,某位,某个”或“……式的人”如ExpertsthinkthattherecentlydiscoveredpaintingmaybeaPicasso.6用在季节、月份、星期或节日的名词前,表示某个特定的季节、月份、日子或节日如TheaccidenthappenedonarainySundaytowardstheendofJuly. 考点
二、考查定冠词the特指某一个人或事物的用法1用于特指一定的人、事物或上下文提到的人、事物如Iwokeupwithabadheadacheyetbytheeveningthepainhadgone.2在表示世界上独一无二的事物前如Themoonturnsaroundtheearth.Driversalwayssitontheleftofbuses.3在单数名词前,表示某一类别或某项发明如Thetigerisadangerousanimal.4在由普通名词构成的专有名词前及表示江、河、湖、海、山川、群岛等的名词前如WearesaidtobelivingintheInformationAgeatimeofnewdiscoveriesandgreatchanges.5在序数词前、形容词最高级前或用于特指“两者中较……的一个”如AsisknowntoallthePeople’sRepublicofChinaisthebiggestdevelopingcountryintheworld.6在方位名词前、某些习惯用语或表示时间的词组中如ontheleftintheeast/west ontheotherhandintheendtheotherday等7在形容词前表示一类人或事物如thepoor/rich/young/dying/good/unknown等8在姓氏复数形式前,表示全家人或夫妇二人如TheSmithsaresittingatthetable.9在表示度量单位的名词前,表示“每一”如—It’ssaidJohnwillbeinajobpayingover$60000ayear.—Righthewillalsogetpaidbytheweek.口诀记忆the的用法特指熟悉与复述,独一无二全用the方位乐器名词前,序数形最乐位惯复数姓氏与专有,习惯用语最后添 考点
三、考查零冠词的用法 1复数名词表泛指时,其前不加冠词如TheSmithsdon’tusuallylikestayingathotelsbutlastsummertheyspentafewdaysataverynicehotelbythesea. 2可数名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格时,其前不用冠词如Jack’sEnglishbookislyingonhisdesk.3专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词和表示人名、地名等的名词前,通常不用冠词如Sarahlookedatthefinishedpaintingwithsatisfaction. 4表示季节、月份、星期、节日、一日三餐的名词前,以及表示体育运动项目、学科、运输或通讯方式等的名词前,通常不用冠词如We’regoingtowatchamatchonSunday.5表示职务、头衔的名词作表语、同位语、补足语等时,其前不用冠词如SamhasbeenappointedmanageroftheengineeringdepartmenttotakeplaceofGeorge. 考点
四、考查冠词的固定搭配
1.不定冠词用于短语搭配中1“have/take+an+与动词同形的名词”,表示动作的一次have/takearest休息一会儿have/takealook看一下have/takeabath洗个澡2“gooutforan+名词”,表示从事某项活动gooutforanouting去郊游gooutforapicnic去野餐3用在某些固定词组中asamatteroffact;inahurry;inaword;awasteof;inaway;etoanend;allofasudden;havean...knowledgeof;havean...understanding/grasp/feelingof,gooutforawalkhaveagoodtimemakeadifferencemakealivinghaveanideaofhaveagoodknowledgeof等如Idon’tunderstandwhattheengineermeansbutI’vegotaroughideaoftheprojectplan.
72.定冠词用于固定搭配inthemorning;ontheotherhand;onthecontrary;ontheair;intheend;etothepoint;theABCof...
3.在一些固定短语中,名词前不用冠词atnight;athome;dayafterday;bytelephone;indanger;onpurpose;outofcontrol;under+n.;behometoatdawnonsecondthoughtsetolightetopowergivebirthtooutofcontrolinpublicaheadoftimeindebthandinhandinplaceofdoharmto等【真题分析】
一、单项选择
1.2016·浙江______prizeforthewinnerofthepetitionis______two-weekholidayinParis.A.The;不填B.A;不填C.A;theD.The;a【答案】D
2.2015·陕西morelearnedamanismoremodestbeusuallybee.A.The;theB.A;aC.The;aD.A;the【答案】A【解析】考查冠词试题分析句意一个人越有学识,他就越可能更谦虚使用the+比较级+主谓,the+比较级+主谓的句型,所以选A
3.2015·浙江Jane’sgrandmotherhadwantedtowritechildren’sbookformanyyearsbutonethingoranotheralwaysgotinway.A.a;不填B.the;theC.不填;theD.a;the【答案】D【解析】考查冠词试题分析:句意多年来,简的奶奶想写一本有关于儿童的书,但总是被这样或那样的原因阻碍了第一空使用不定冠词表泛指,第二个intheway是固定搭配,意为挡道或阻碍定冠词用于特指或者是固定搭配,不定冠词用于泛指选D
4.2015·四川Brianisgiftedinwritingmusic;heisverylikelytobeBeethoven.A.aB.anC.theD.不填【答案】A【解析】考查冠词试题分析本题考查不定冠词在人名前,表示;一个像……那样的人故选择A句意为:Bran在创作音乐上极有才华,他很有可能成为ー个像贝多芬那样的人才
5.2015·重庆Ijustheard____bankwhereDoraworkswasrobbedby____gunmanwearingamask.A.the;/B.a;/C.the;aD.a;the【答案】C
二、单句填空
1.2018·全国III卷UnexpectedlyImface-to-facewiththegorillawhobeginsscreamingat_____62_____topofherlungs.【答案】the【解析】考查冠词此处为固定短语atthetopof,此处表示以最大的肺活量喊叫
2.2018·全国II卷Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentover___62___past25yearswhilericehasincreasedonly7percent.【答案】the【解析】考查冠词句意玉米产量在过去25年里增长了近125%,而大米只增长了7%故是特指在过去的25年里故填the
4.2017·全国卷ⅠAs________resultpeoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.【答案】a 【解析】asaresult是固定搭配,意为“结果”,强调某种原因产生的结果
5.2017·全国卷ⅡThisincludeddigginguptheroadlayingthetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofover________top.【答案】the 【解析】此处特指“顶部”,故用定冠词the
6.2017·全国卷ⅢInsteadsheisearning£6500adayas________modelinNewYork.【答案】a 【解析】句意相反,她在纽约做模特每天收入6500英镑model是可数名词,在此表示泛指,且读音以辅音音素开头,故用不定冠词a
7.2016·全国卷ⅡGiveyourbodyandbrainarestbysteppingoutsidefor________whileexercisingordoingsomethingyouenjoy.【答案】a 【解析】forawhile“一会儿”,固定搭配
8.2016·全国卷ⅡInthatcasewewilllearnlittleabout________world.【答案】the 【解析】句意那样的话,我们将会对这个世界了解甚少world属于表示世上独一无二的事物的名词,其前应用定冠词
9.2016·全国卷ⅠIn1931Addamsbecame________firstAmericanwomantowintheNobelPeacePrize.【答案】the 【解析】序数词前面加定冠词the
10.2016·浙江高考________prizeforthewinnerofthepetitionis________two-weekholidayinParis.【答案】The;a
二、单句改错
1.2018·全国III卷IhaddonemyselfhomeworkbutIwasshy.【答案】myself→the【解析】考查冠词错误句意我已经完成了自己的作业改为定冠词the或表示“我的”用my不用myself
2.2018·全国II卷AsthekidIlovedtowatchcartoonsbutnomatterhowmanytimesIaskedtowatchingthemmyparentswouldnottoletme.【答案】the→a【解析】考查冠词这里表示“作为一个孩子”,a用在表示泛指的单数名词前,the表示特指故把the改为a
3.2018·全国I卷DuringmylastwinterholidayIwenttocountrysidewithmyfathertovisitmygrandparents.【答案】countryside前加the【解析】考查冠词去年寒假,我和父亲去乡下拜访爷爷奶奶此处特指去的是乡下,故加定冠词the
4.2017·全国卷ⅠIstillrememberhowhardfirstdaywas.【答案】first前加the/my 【解析】表示第几天,序数词前要加定冠词the或者用限定词进行修饰
5.2016·全国卷ⅡButinthatcasewewilllearnlittleaboutworld.【答案】world前加the 【解析】此处特指我们所生活的这个世界
6.2016·全国卷ⅢAtthefirstIthoughtIkneweverythingandcouldmakedecisionsbymyself.【答案】去掉the 【解析】atfirst“起初”,为固定短语
7.2015·全国卷ⅠNowIamlivinginacitybutImissmyhomeincountryside.Theretheairiscleanandthemountainsaregreen.【答案】countryside前加the 【解析】inthecountryside“在乡村”,为固定短语
8.2014·全国卷ⅡThereareallkindsoftheflowersandtreesaroundtheclassroombuildings.【答案】去掉第一个the 【解析】此处为泛指,不表示特指,故去掉the【对点测试】
一、单项选择
1.2018·江苏常熟中学In1768________manderoftheEndeavourJamesCooksmetJosephBankswhowasappointed________presidentoftheRoyalSociety10yearsago.A./;/B./;theC.the;theD.the;/【答案】D
2.2018·江苏常熟中学hetalksalotabouthisfavoritesingersafterclass.A.AquietstudentashemayB.QuietstudentashemaybeC.BeaquietstudentashemayD.Quietashemaybeastudent【答案】B【解析】as引导让步状语从句应该倒装,本题中需要放在as之前的部分应该是整个表语部分并且要省略student前的不定冠词若要保留该不定冠词,则应将其置于quiet与student之间
3.2018·北京精华中学—Wherecanweparkcar—Don’tworry.There’ssuretobeparkinglotnearby.A.the;theB.the;aC.不填;aD.不填;the【答案】B
4.2018·江苏泰州中学--Whatdoyouthinkweshoulddoafterdinner--Whydon’twegetbeerattheKaraokebardonthestreetItiskindoffuntohearallthebirdssinging.A.a;不填B.a;aC.the;aD.a;the【答案】A【解析】考查冠词试题分析句意--你认为我们晚饭后应该做什么?--为什么不到街上的卡拉OK喝杯啤酒呢?听到所有的乐队唱歌是一种乐趣口语中表示一杯啤酒的时候啤酒可数冠词用a,fun是不可数名词不加冠词,选A
5.2018·天津耀华中学Beingabletoafford_____drinkwouldbe_____fortinthosetoughtimes.A.the;theB.a;aC.a;/D./;a【答案】B【解析】考查冠词第一空,drink前应用不定冠词,表示“一杯饮料”;第二空,fort前面加不定冠词,表示“一个给人安慰的物品”,所以两个空都要用不定冠词
6.2018·江苏泰州中学Tedcouldn’tremembertheexactdateofthestormbutheknewitwasSundaybecauseeverybodywasatchurch.A./theB.a/C./aD.the/【答案】B【解析】考查冠词第一空填a,表示不明确的一个星期天,第二空不填,atchurch做礼拜,句意是Ted记不得风暴的具体日期了,只记得是个星期天,因为每个人都在做礼拜选B
7.2018·天津滨海等中学Jane’sgrandmotherhadwantedtowrite______children’sbookformanyyears______butonethingoranotheralwaysgotin______way.A.a;不填B.the;theC.不填;theD.a;the【答案】D
8.2018·天津静海一中Thissummer’sfirstheavyrainfallturnedKunming________capitalcityofYunnanprovinceinto________worldofwater.A.aaB.atheC./aD.thethe【答案】C【解析】考查冠词试题分析句意今年夏天的首次大雨使云南的省会昆明成了一个水的世界特指云南的省会用the或不填,指一个水的世界用a,故选C
9.2017·天津一中Idon’tfullyunderstandwhatyousaidbutIhavegot________roughideaofplan.A.a;theB./;theC.a;/D.the;the【答案】A【解析】考查冠词的用法句意我不完全理解你说的话,但我对计划有大概的了解haveanideaof,固定搭配,意思为“对….有看法;对…有一个认识/了解”第一个空是固定搭配,而且是表示数量“一”第二个空是特指双方已知的计划,故要用定冠词故选A
二、单句填空
1.2018·江西临川一中Let’sjusttake___45___closelookatyourchoice.【答案】a【解析】考查冠词takealook意为“看一看;考虑”,是固定短语,故填a
2.2018·浙江杭州外国语学校Itwas____18____simplesignthatsaid“Laboratory-inthisroomthefirstfivelettersofthewordwasemphasizednotthelastseven.”【答案】a【解析】考查冠词此处泛指“一个简单的指示牌”,故填a
3.2018·全国名校联盟ACCTVhistoryprogramthatmixesdocumentariesanddramawithvarietyshowsin___41___hopeofpromotingtheprotectionofprizedculturallegacies遗产hasbeeahit.【答案】the【解析】考查冠词inthehopeof“怀着……希望”是固定短语,故填the
4.2018·湖北黄冈中学___65___similarguidelinewasannouncedbytheeducationdepartmentinHeilongjiangprovinceonFeb
24.【答案】a
5.2018·河北武邑中学Everyoneknows____70____rulesandmoreimportantlyeveryoneplaysaccordingtotherules.【答案】the【解析】考查冠词此处表示人人都知道规则,更重要的是人人都按规则游戏所以此处的规则特指大家都知道的规则,所以前面用定冠词修饰
6.2018·河北衡水中学EarlierthisyeartheQiluTransportationDevelopmentGroupalsohandlingtheJinanExpresswaysolarroadbuilta160-meter-longsolarroadin___48___cityofJinan.【答案】在city前加the【解析】考查定冠词the今年早些时候,齐鲁运输发展集团也在济南市高速公路上修建了一条160米长的太阳能公路inthecityof---,---市,故在city前加the
7.2018·河北衡水中学SenatorGaylordNelsondreamedof___46___similareventthatwouldgetpeopletotakeenvironmentalissuesseriously.【答案】a【解析】考查冠词泛指“一件相似的大事”,且similar的首字母发音是辅音,所以用不定冠词a
8.2018·广东中山一中InshortIbelievethatitisofgreatusetokeepadiaryinEnglishfor_____50_____developmentofourwritingskills.【答案】the【解析】考查定冠词不定冠词a/an通常表示泛指,定冠词the表示特指;本句中定冠词the特指我们写作技巧的提高
9.2018·高考仿真模拟Bayomy___45___EgyptianstudentatthesameuniversitysaidsheplannedtovisitatemplefairinChaoyangParkonSunday.【答案】an【解析】考查冠词___5___Egyptianstudentatthesameuniversity是Bayomy的同位语,此处泛指“一个埃及学生”,Egyptian以元音因素开头故填an
10.2018·高考仿真模拟Dontdothisin___44___obviouswaybecausethisisannoying,butdoitwithouthisawarenessofyourintention.【答案】an【解析】考查冠词不要以一种明显的方式做这件事,因为这很烦人该处表示“一种明显的方式”,表示泛指,故用不定冠词;obvious的读音以元音音素开头,故用an
三、单句改错
1.2018·江西临川一中InMarchLuandhiswifetransferredallthemoneytheysaveditinmorethan10bankaccountstoSouthChinaAgriculturalUniversitytoestablishtheeducationalfundsponsoringpoverty-strickenstudentsandtalentedyoungteachers.【答案】the→a
2.2018·四川双流中学ItwasfantasticdayandIhopetheywilletoChengduagain.【答案】fantasticday前增加a【解析】考查冠词句意这是美好的一天,并且我希望他们再次来到成都泛指“一个极好的日子”,且fantastic的首字母发音是辅音,所以fantasticday前增加a
3.2018·全国名校联盟Let’stakeanactionfromnowon!Let’sworktogethertoliveinharmony!【答案】故去掉action前的an【解析】考查冠词takeaction“采取措施”,action是不可数名词,故去掉action前的an
4.2018·湖南长郡中学Ivemadethemistakeafullspoonistoomanyandhecantakeonlyfivedrops.【答案】the→a【解析】考查固定短语短语makeamistake犯错;其中的不定冠词a表示泛指
5.2018·湖北黄冈中学I’dliketogivebriefintroductionaboutmyself.【答案】give后面加上a
6.2018·河北武邑中学Firstsomepeopleareinsuchthehurrythattheyignorethetrafficlights.【答案】the→a【解析】考查固定短语固定短语inahurry,故把the改为a
7.2018·河北衡水中学Thewholecitywascoveredwithgreentreesmakingitgreencity.【答案】在it后面加a【解析】考查不定冠词整个城市都被绿树覆盖,使它成了一个绿色的城市结合句意可知在it后面加a
8.2018·河北衡水中学For65yearsMrLihasbeenwalkaroundourneighborhoodtwicetheday.【答案】the→a【解析】冠词用法错误这里表达“一天两次”,用twiceaday故将the改为a
9.2018·广东中山一中Themuseumwhichcoversaareaof18000squaremetersismadeof24exhibitionhalls.【答案】a→an【解析】冠词用法错误“Themuseumwhichcoversaareaof18000squaremeters”冠词修饰名词area,因为area是元音开头的单词,所以要用an故将a改为an
10.2018·高考仿真模拟卷WhenIdidn’tknowhowtowriteasentencecorrectIwouldaskmyteacherforthehelp.【答案】掉定冠词the【解析】考查冠词asksb.forhelp表示“向某人寻求帮助”,help是不可数名词,根据语境可知,此处表示泛指故去掉定冠词the
四、单句翻译(冠词)
1.我们都认为他是适合做这个项目的人【答案】Weallthoughthimasuitablepersonforthejob.【解析】不定冠词和名词连用作表语或同位语,主要说明某个人或东西所属类别
2.失败乃成功之母【答案】Failureisthemotherofsuccess. 【解析】抽象名词表示一般概念时,通常不加冠词
3.这是我所读过的书中最有趣的一本【答案】ThisisthemostinterestingbookIhaveeverread.【解析】定冠词用于形容词和副词的最高级前面
4.那正是我要找的东西【答案】ThatstheverythingIvebeenlookingfor.【解析】用在序数词和形容词最高级,及形容词only,very,same等前面
5.他尽管勇敢,可见到蛇还是发抖【答案】Braveamanthough/asheishetremblesatthesightofsnakes.。