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Unit4Pygmalion
一、阅读理解VitaminBcouldhelpreducetheeffectsofthemostdangeroustypeofairpollutionaccordingtoanewstudypublishedonMonday.Inthefirststudyofitskindateamofinternationalresearcherslookedintothedamagecausedbyoneofthepollutantsthathavetheseverestimpactonhealth—PM
2.
5.TheyfoundthatVitaminBsupplementcouldeffectivelyreducetheimpactofthetinyparticles颗粒onthehumanbodyalthoughtheystressedthattheresearchwasinitsearlystages.AccordingtotheWHO92%oftheworld’speoplearelivinginplaceswherethePM
2.5levelgoesbeyondtheremendedlevel.Soit’surgenttofindasolutiontotheproblem.AccordingtothisstudypublishedinthePNAS10volunteerswereinitiallyexposedtocleanairandgivenaplacebo安慰剂tochecktheirbaselineresponses.ThegroupthenkeptontakingplacebosforfourweeksbeforebeingexposedtoheavilypollutedairfromdowntownTorontowhereanestimated1000carspassedeveryhour.Thebadairwasdeliveredtothevolunteersthroughan“oxygentype”facemask.TheexperimentwasthenrepeatedwitheachvolunteertakingaVitaminBsupplementdailymadeupof
2.5mgoffolicacid50mgofVitaminB6and1mgofVitaminB
12.VitaminB6canbefoundinliverchickennutsandotherthingsandVitaminB12infishmeateggsmilkandsomecereals.TheresearchersfoundthatfourweeksofVitaminBsupplementsreducedthedamageofPM
2.5effectsby28-76%.TheresultsemphasizedhowpreventionatanindividuallevelcouldbeusedtofightagainstthedamageofPM
2.5theresearcherssaid.【文章大意】本文主要通过一些实验告诉我们维生素B对减轻PM
2.5对身体的伤害有什么样的功效
1.What’sthenewlydiscoveredeffectofVitaminBinParagraph1A.Itcanbeusedtoreplaceothervitaminsinourdailylife.B.Itcanhelplowertheairpollutionlevelintheopenair.C.ItcanreducetheimpactofPM
2.5onhumanbodies.D.Itcangetridofthepollutantsremaininginourbodies.【解析】选C细节理解题根据第一段“VitaminBcouldhelpreducetheeffectsofthemostdangeroustypeofairpollutionaccordingtoanewstudypublishedonMonday.”可知维生素B可以减少造成空气污染的危险物质的影响而后一句又提到了对健康危害最大的危险物质是PM
2.5故选C
2.WhatcanbelearnedfromthesecondparagraphA.FurtherstudyabouttheeffectofVitaminBneedstobedone.B.VitaminBisthemostimportanttohuman’shealth.C.ThetinyparticlesintheairaremadeupofPM
2.
5.D.92%oftheworld’speopleareaffectedbyPM
2.
5.【解析】选A细节理解题根据第二段“...althoughtheystressedthattheresearchwasinitsearlystages.”可知关于维生素B的功效的研究还处于初期阶段所以仍需进一步的研究探索
3.HowdidresearchersdrawthenewconclusionaboutVitaminBA.Byreferringtoajournal.B.Byperformingexperiments.C.Byinterviewingscientists.D.Byparingvitamins.【解析】选B推理判断题根据倒数第二段“TheexperimentwasthenrepeatedwitheachvolunteertakingaVitaminBsupplementdailymadeupof
2.5mgoffolicacid50mgofVitaminB6and1mgofVitaminB
12.”中的experiment表明研究者是通过做实验得出新的结论的
4.Youmayreadthepassageonawebsiteabout________.A.environment B.medicineC.educationD.health【解析】选D推理判断题本文主要通过一系列实验告诉我们维生素B可以减轻PM
2.5对我们身体的伤害主题围绕着健康展开故选D
二、单句语法填空1.Wehadno________hesitateinhelpingthesuffererswhentheterribleearthquakehitthecountry.答案hesitation havenohesitationindoing...“毫不犹豫地做……”2.________classifysomanybooksinlibrariesusuallytakesthemlotsoftime.答案Classifying 句子中缺少主语,且指一般性情况,故应填动名词classifying,在句中作主语3.Generally________speakyouthsofeighteenaretooyoungforsuchwork.答案speaking generallyspeaking“一般来说”4.Whatyousaidhasledtothe________mistakebeliefthatsmokingisnotharmful.答案mistaken 修饰名词belief应用形容词,故填mistaken“错误的”5.Theschoolmakesitclearthatessaysfromonlineshouldnotbepassedoff________beingwrittenbythestudents.答案as pass...offas...“把……看作或冒充成……”6.________ifweinvitedthemtoehereforapartyinstead答案What 固定句式whatif“倘使/如果……将会怎样?”7.Parentsshouldteachtheirchildrentobehave________properinpublic.答案properly 此处应用副词来修饰动词behave故填properly8.Theymaderude________remarkaboutherappearance.答案remarks makeremarks/aremarkabout...“对……发表评论”9.Theinformationyougatheredis________greathelptome.答案of “of+抽象名词”相当于其对应的形容词,ofgreathelp=veryhelpful“非常有帮助”10.________takeaccordingtotheinstructionsthemedicinehasnosideeffect.答案Taken 所给动词与其逻辑主语medicine之间为被动关系,故用过去分词作状语
三、完形填空IwassurprisedwhenIreceivedashortmessagefrommyfatherwishingmeahappybirthday.Ihad__1__tohearfrommymothermygrandmotherandmyotherrelatives—__2__neverfrommyfather.Lyinginbed__3__ofmyfatherfloodedback.WhenIwasalittleboyIregardedmyfatherasan__4__abletodoanything.__5__,thingsslowlybeganto__6__.ThemoreIlearnedthemoreIdoubtedwhathesaid.ThegapbetweenusgrewandatlastIdidnt__7__likemunicatingwithhim.Myfatherinmymindhadno__8__intalkingwithme.Dinnerwastheonlytimeweweretogether.HehadnotimetowatchTVwithme.Hewouldtellmetoaskmymother__9__Ineededsomething.Heevenrefusedtoanswermy__10__whenIphonedfromschool.I__11__thechanges.Ithoughtthatperhapsmyfathernolonger__12__me.OvertimehoweverIbegantowonderwhethermy__13__wasright.OnedaymymothertoldmethateachtimeIcalledfatherwas__14__listeningbesideher.SuddenlyIhatedmyselfformy__15__behaviortowardhim.Iplannedthousandsoftimesto__16__myfather.IntheendhoweverIwasalwaystooembarrassedaboutwhatIhaddone.ButthatSaturdayIwasso__17__byhisshortmessage.Irealizedthenthatmyfathersloveformehadneverdisappeared!Idecidedtosenda__18__“Thankyoumydearfather.”TwodayslaterwhenIreturnedhomemymothertoldmethatmyfatherhadbeenso__19__whenhereceivedmyreply.Shesaidhehad__20__frommorningtillnight.AtthatmomentIfelttrulyhappy.【文章大意】 作者回忆了自己与父亲关系的变化,体会到了父亲对他的爱从未消失过1.A.expectedB.intendedC.plannedD.wanted答案与解析A 根据第一段“IwassurprisedwhenIreceivedashortmessagefrommyfather...”及下文对自己与父亲之间关系的描述可知,作者预想到会收到母亲、外婆和其他亲属的来信,但从未期待过会收到来自父亲的问候expect意为“期待”,故选A项intend意为“想要;打算”;plan意为“计划”;want意为“想要”2.A.andB.soC.butD.or答案与解析C根据设空后的“neverfrommyfather”可知,作者从未期待过收到来自父亲的问候,上下文之间为转折关系,故用but连接3.A.opinionsB.memoriesC.thoughtsD.responses答案与解析B根据空后的“floodedback”及下一段中“WhenIwasalittleboy...”可知,关于父亲的记忆memories涌入脑海中故选B项opinion意为“意见;看法”;thought意为“想法”;response意为“反应;答复”4.A.angelB.teacherC.heroD.friend答案与解析C 根据空后的“abletodoanything”可知,作者小时候认为父亲是一个无所不能的英雄hero故选C项5.A.HoweverB.OtherwiseC.ThereforeD.Besides答案与解析A 作者小时候认为父亲是英雄,后来学到的东西越多,作者越怀疑父亲说的话,上下文之间为转折关系,故选A项6.A.improveB.changeC.developD.appear答案与解析B 句意为然而,情况慢慢开始发生了变化change故选B项7.A.stillB.everC.yetD.even答案与解析D 随着年龄的增长,作者与父亲之间的隔阂越来越深,甚至不喜欢与父亲交流设空处用even表递进关系,故选D项8.A.interestB.timeC.chanceD.courage答案与解析A 根据下文可知,作者的父亲不会和他一起看电视甚至有时候会拒接电话,因此,作者认为父亲没有兴趣interest与他聊天故选A项9.A.incaseB.ifC.evenifD.after答案与解析B 如果作者需要什么东西,父亲会让他问母亲根据语境可知选B项,if引导条件状语从句10.A.lettersB.emailsC.questionsD.calls答案与解析D根据下文“whenIphonedfromschool”可知,作者从学校打来电话,父亲甚至会拒接故选D项11.A.gotfondofB.gottiredofC.gotfamiliarwithD.gotaccustomedto答案与解析D上文作者回忆了很多事,写出与父亲前后关系的变化,随着时间的推移,作者习惯了gotaccustomedto这些变化根据语境可知选D项getfondof意为“喜欢上……”;gettiredof意为“对……厌倦”;getfamiliarwith意为“对……熟悉”12.A.helpedB.supportedC.lovedD.missed答案与解析C根据上文可知,作者认为父亲没有兴趣和他聊天,拒接电话,对他漠不关心,因此觉得父亲或许不再爱loved他故选C项help意为“帮助”;support意为“支持;拥护”;miss意为“想念;错失”13.A.behaviorB.attitudeC.mannerD.action答案与解析A根据本段最后一句“Ihatedmyselfformy________behavior...”可知,本空是原词复现随着时间的推移,作者开始思考自己的行为behavior是否正确故选A项attitude意为“态度”;manner意为“举止;方式”;action意为“行动”14.A.oftenB.alwaysC.seldomD.never答案与解析B有一天母亲告诉作者每次他打电话,父亲总是always在旁边听着故选B项15.A.casualB.rudeC.coldD.cruel答案与解析C听了母亲的话,作者开始讨厌自己对父亲冷漠的cold行为故选C项casual意为“随便的”;rude意为“粗鲁的”;cruel意为“残忍的”16.A.apologisetoB.writetoC.talkwithD.consultwith答案与解析A根据前文可知,作者已经意识到自己的行为有错,故想要找机会道歉,apologiseto意为“向……道歉”,故选A项consultwith意为“请教;商讨”17.A.excitedB.confusedC.touchedD.pleased答案与解析C根据下文“Irealizedthenthatmyfathersloveformehadneverdisappeared.”可知,作者意识到父亲对他的爱从未消失过,因此,收到父亲的短信他非常感动touched结合语境及后面的by可知选C项excited意为“兴奋的”;confused意为“困惑的”;pleased意为“高兴的”18.A.letterB.cardC.giftD.reply答案与解析D根据上文可知,作者收到了父亲的短信,根据下文“Thankyou,mydearfather.”可知,作者回复了短信故选D项根据第19空后的whenhereceivedmyreply也可得出答案19.A.upsetB.happyC.sadD.nervous答案与解析B根据下文“...frommorningtillnight.”可知,父亲收到作者的回复后,非常开心happy根据语境可知选B项
20.A.waitedB.signedC.hesitatedD.smiled答案与解析D根据前文可知,父亲收到作者的回复很开心,所以从早上笑smiled到晚上故选D项
四、单句改错1.Themistakesinyourhomeworkshouldntbeoverlookingoryoullkeepthemforever.____________________________________________________答案overlooking→overlooked overlook与mistakes之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,故应用被动语态2.IntermofeducationIfirstthankallmyteacherswhohavedevotedthemselvestotheirprofession._____________________________________________________答案term→terms intermsof“就……来说;从……角度”3.Fortunatethefirewasdiscoveredsoonafterithadstarted._____________________________________________________答案Fortunate→Fortunately 副词作状语修饰整个句子,故应将fortunate改为fortunately4.TheSeptember11attackhascondemnedbytheentireinternationalmunity._____________________________________________________答案has后加been 现在完成时的被动语态的构成havebeen+过去分词
9.11恐怖袭击应是“被谴责”,故应在has后加been5.WhentheinterviewwasfinishedIwasshownin._____________________________________________________答案in→out showsb.in“带某人进来”;showsb.out“带某人出去”由句意可知后一短语符合语境。