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Unit5FirstAid
一、阅读理解TheEnglishlanguagehasaninterestingwayofclassifyingwords.Youmightfindthatanounactslikeanadjective.Youknowthatanadjectivemodifies修饰describingaqualityofanoun.Forexampleyoudrinkacupofhottea.Theadjectiveishotandthenounistea.WhataboutlemonteaLemonisanounisntitWhyisitmodifyingtea Englishoftenusesnounsasadjectivestomodifyothernouns.Forexampleacarthatpeopledriveinracesisaracecar.Acarwithextrapowerorspeedisasportscar.Nounsthatmodifyothernounsarecalledadjectivalnouns. DidyounoticesomethingunusualabouttheexpressionswiththenouncarAcarusedtoraceothercarsisaracecar.Bothnounsaresingular.Acarthathaspowerandspeedisasportscar.WhyisthefirstnounsportspluralAsearchoftheInternetshowsusthatpeoplestartedusingthisphrasebackin
1914.Carswereanewthingthen. Thereisnoruleaboutwhethertheattributivenounissingularorplural.Mostofthetimeitissingular.Butifthebinationofnounsincludesapluralnounitusuallystaysthatway.Theresultisphraseslikeladiesroomnotladyroomforaroommeantforwomenandgirlsandbeansoupbutnotbeanssoupforasoupmadeofbeans.SomegrammarexpertsthinkthatEnglishspeakersareusingmorepluralnounsinthisway. WhenwritingtheseattributivenounsinEnglishlearnerssometimeswonderaboutwhethertouseanapostrophe撇号toshowpossession.IsitaladiesroomNoitisaladiesroom.Attributivenounsdonotneedtheapostrophe.SowewriteVeterans老兵DayinAmericanEnglishandnotVeteransDayorVeteransDay.Thatmeansthedayisinhonorofmilitaryveteransnotownedbyveterans.
1.WhatsthetopicofthistextA.Thefunctionofnouns.B.Specialkindsofadjective.C.Aspecialuseofnouns.D.Theuseofadjectives.
2.Adjectivalnounscanbeusedtodescribe________.A.adjectivesB.sentencesC.phrasesD.othernouns
3.Whyisthepluralform“sports”isusedtodescribeanounA.Itisatraditionalusage.B.Itisaruleofgrammar.C.Itisagrammarmistake.D.Itisaformofstress.
4.WhichofthefollowingisacorrectEnglishexpressionA.Ladiesroom.B.VeteransDay.C.VeteransDay.D.VeteransDay.参考答案
1.C;
2.D;
3.A;
4.D解析
1.[主旨大意题本文谈论名词的一种特殊用法:作定语由第一段得出]
2.[细节理解题形容词性名词用来修饰其他名词由第二段最后一句Nounsthatmodifyothernounsarecalledadjectivalnouns得出]
3.[推理判断题复数名词sports作定语是一种传统用法由第三段倒数第二句AsearchoftheInternetshowsusthatpeoplestartedusingthisphrasebackin1914得出]
4.[细节理解题VeteransDay“美国退伍军人节”两个名词之间不是所属关系不能用撇号由最后一段得出]
二、单句语法填空1.Itisvitalthattheseforms________sendbackasearlyaspossible.答案shouldbesent Itisvitalthat...“……是十分重要的”其中that从句谓语动词应用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略2.________theaidofourprofessorwefinishedtheexperimentsuccessfully.答案With withtheaid/helpof...“在……的帮助下”3.Youdbetterputthingsback________place.Otherwiseitwillbedifficulttofindthem.答案in inplace“在适当的位置”4.We________watchTVwhentherewasapowerfailure.答案werewatching bedoing...when...“正在做……这时……”,再由“therewas...”可知应用过去进行时,故填werewatching5.Thenewtechnologyif________applytoricegrowingwillhelpincreasethegrainoutput.答案applied 从句为状语从句的省略形式Thenewtechnology与apply之间为逻辑上的被动关系,故应填过去分词作状语6.Menandwomenshould________treatequallyineducationandemployment.答案betreated treat和Menandwomen在逻辑上存在动宾关系,应用被动语态7.Hisheadhadstruckthewalland________bleed.答案wasbleeding 此处表示头部正在流血,前一分句用了过去完成时,故此处应用过去进行时,表示过去某时正在持续的状态8.Everyonearrivedlateatthepartyfor________varietyreasons.答案various 修饰名词reasons应用形容词,表示“各种各样的”,故填various9.Televisionviolence________poisonthemindsofyoungpeople.答案ispoisoning 表示现阶段正在持续发生的动作,应用现在进行时10.Dozensofpeoplegot________injuryandmanyvehiclesweresetonfire.答案injured getinjured“受伤”
三、完形填空阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可能填入空白处的最佳选项WhenIwasyoung,Ithoughtthatkindnesswasabeneficialthing.I__1__thatIcouldjustgivewhatIthoughtothers__2__andIwouldgetaonewaytickettoHappyville快乐小镇.Thisthoughtprocesswas__3__changedwhenIsufferedfromclinicaldepression.__4__becameobviousthatwhatIneeded,aseveryonedid,wasjustthe__5__toloveoneself.Apartfromthat,Ihadtolearnhowtomakedeeperandmoremeaningfulconnections__6__people.Mystrugglewithmentalhealthwassomethingthat__7__intoacampaigntoleteverysinglepersonknowthatthey__8__andcouldntbereplaced.Athighschool,itcouldbe__9__toconveythisidea,butI__10__pursuedmypassions激情.The__11__ofmyeffortwerethehabitsandtraditionsIhadcreatedtohelp__12__EveryFriday,Iwenttoschoolwithhomeworktreatsand__13__themtothosewhoseemedtoneedapickmeup.Itriedto__14__asmanynamesasIpossiblycould.Ihadstartedaclubwhichgavestudentsa__15__placetoexpressthemselvesandlearn__16__toapplyempathy同感,共鸣intheireverydaylives.OnmypersonalsocialmediaaccountIpostedweekly__17__toinspirebothmyselfandmyfriends.WhenIgooffthecollegethisyear,Illbeworkingtowardsadegreeincollege.Thiswillhelpmestartanonprofitfoundationinthefuture.My__18__goalistoprovethattheworldisnotacollectionof__19__problems,butsomethingthatcanbechangedbyeventhe__20__actions.1.A.wonderedB.figuredC.doubtedD.predicted2.A.wantedB.ignoredC.lostD.ordered3.A.unfortunatelyB.totallyC.regularlyD.accurately4.A.ItB.TheyC.HeD.This5.A.abilityB.desireC.beliefD.reason6.A.forB.withC.fromD.about7.A.fellB.dividedC.brokeD.turned8.A.matteredB.existedC.survivedD.succeeded9.A.difficultB.funnyC.differentD.perfect10.A.casuallyB.brieflyC.firmlyD.surely11.A.difficultyB.purposeC.fruitsD.method12.A.strangersB.teenagersC.friendsD.families13.A.ledB.lentC.passedD.limited14.A.writeB.memorizeC.prepareD.recall15.A.quietB.importantC.largeD.safe16.A.howB.whatC.whereD.when17.A.discussionsB.suggestionsC.experienceD.theories18.A.finalB.primaryC.simpleD.grand19.A.plexB.unsolvableC.unknownD.terrible20.A.latestB.laziestC.slowestD.smallest【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文作者与抑郁症作斗争的经历使他转变了思想,并用实际行动来帮助青少年和朋友们他告诉大家,每个人都同样重要并且不可替代因此我们必须做出行动,因为即使是最小的行动都可以产生影响1.B 考查动词辨析句意为我以为只要我能给予别人我认为他们想要的东西,我就能得到一张去快乐小镇的单程票A项意为“想知道”;B项意为“认为,以为”;C项意为“怀疑”;D项意为“预测”短文第一句说明了作者小时候的想法,即作者认为善良是一件有益的事情,然后接着详细地解释他的想法B项符合语境故选B2.A 考查动词辨析A项意为“想要”;B项意为“忽视”;C项意为“丢失”;D项意为“命令,订购”此处指作者认为给予别人他认为别人需要的东西,他就会快乐A项符合语境故选A3.B 考查副词辨析A项意为“不幸地”;B项意为“完全地”;C项意为“定期地”;D项意为“准确地”由下文可知,因为作者的临床抑郁症,作者以前给予别人想要的东西的想法变成了努力用他的想法去影响别人,改变别人,所以此处表达的是“这个思维过程完全变了”B项符合语境故选B4.A 考查代词辨析此处为句型“Itbees/became+adj.+that从句”,代词it为形式主语,that引导的从句为真正的主语故选A5.A 考查名词辨析A项意为“能力”;B项意为“渴望”;C项意为“信念”;D项意为“理由”abilitytodosth.表示“做某件事的能力”,根据语境可知,作者所需要的和每个人所需要的一样,就是爱自己的能力A项符合语境故选A6.B 考查介词辨析句意为除了这一点,我必须学会如何与人们建立更深、更有意义的联系makeconnectionwith...是固定短语,表示“与……建立联系”故选B7.D 考查动词短语辨析各选项所给动词均可与介词into构成固定搭配fallinto意为“跌入”;divideinto意为“分成”;breakinto意为“闯入”;turninto意为“变成”由上文可知,作者的思维过程改变了,产生了新的想法,因此作者表达的是他在心理健康方面的挣扎变成了一场运动turninto符合语境故选D8.A 考查动词辨析A项意为“重要,有关系”;B项意为“存在”;C项意为“幸存”;D项意为“成功”根据空格后面的“andcouldn’tbereplaced”可推知,此处表达的是“让每个人都知道他们很重要,无法被替代”A项符合语境故选A9.A 考查形容词辨析A项意为“困难的”;B项意为“滑稽的”;C项意为“不同的”;D项意为“完美的”由转折连词but和第二个分句的内容可知,此处指的是“在高中,很难传递这个想法”A项符合语境故选A10.C 考查副词辨析A项意为“随意地”;B项意为“简短地”;C项意为“坚定地”;D项意为“确信地”根据but表示转折可知,此处应表达“但是我坚定地追随我的激情”C项符合语境故选C11.C 考查名词辨析上文提到虽然在学校作者很难传递自己的思想,但是他不放弃,由此可知,作者努力的结果就是他创造了帮助……的习惯和传统此处fruits表示“结果,成果”,符合语境故选C12.B 考查名词辨析...EveryFriday,Iwenttoschoolwithhomeworktreatsand________themtothosewhoseemedtoneedapickmeup.第二段第三句译文……每个星期五,我带着作业的奖品来到学校,把它们发给那些似乎需要提神的孩子们由关键句可以推断,作者帮助的是那些青少年们teenager意为“青年,青少年”,符合语境故选B13.C 考查动词辨析passsth.tosb.是固定短语,意为“把……传递/分发蛤某人”,此处表达的是作者把带来的作业奖品发给那些需要提神的孩子们故选C14.B 考查动词辨析A项意为“写”;B项意为“记住”;C项意为“准备”;D项意为“回忆”由语境可知,作者想帮助青少年,所以他尽可能多地记住他们的名字故选B15.D 考查形容词辨析作者建立了一个俱乐部,学生们在这里可以表达自己的想法,由此可知这是一个安全的地方,学生们能够畅所欲言safe意为“安全的”,符合语境故选D16.A 考查连接词辨析此处为“疑问词+不定式”结构作宾语由语境可知,作者想让学生学会如何把表达的情感运用到日常生活中how意为“怎样,如何”,符合语境故选A17.B 考查名词辨析A项意为“讨论”;B项意为“建议”;C项意为“经验”;D项意为“理论”在作者的个人社交网络账号上,作者每周发出的用于激励自己和朋友的帖子应是建议之类的内容B项符合语境,其余各项均与语境不符故选B18.A 考查形容词辨析Thiswillhelpmestartanodprofitfoundationinthefuture.最后一段第二句译文这将帮助我在将来建立一个非盈利基金会由关键句可知,作者一直坚持自己的信仰和做法,那么接着说的就是他的最终目标final意为“最后的,最终的”,符合语境故选A19.B 考查形容词辨析A项意为“复杂的”;B项意为“难以解决的”;C项意为“未知的”;D项意为“糟糕的”由语境可知,作者的最终目标是要证明这个世界不是无法解决的问题的集合体unsolvable与下文的“canbechanged”相衔接且符合语境故选B20.D 考查形容词最高级辨析A项意为“最新的”;B项意为“最懒的”;C项意为“最慢的”;D项意为“最小的”由本句中的“even”可知,此处指的是甚至是最小的行动都会改变一些事情D项符合语境故选D
四、单句改错1.Idontknowwhattodobecausethenumberofproblemshavearisen.______________________________________________________答案the→a 此处表述“大量的问题出现了”thenumberof...“……的数量”;anumberof“许多;大量的”,后接可数名词复数形式2.Donttakeanythingaway.Fatherlikeseverythingtobeintheplace.______________________________________________________答案去掉the inplace“在适当的位置”3.Wetrytocreateworkexperienceopportunitiesthatwillreallymakebigdifferencetous.______________________________________________________答案make后加a makeadifference“有影响;起作用”4.Hedecidedtoapplyforthebossforajobthenextday.______________________________________________________答案第一个for→to applytosb.for...“向某人申请……”5.Thereisnodoubtwhetherglobalwarmingisathreattousall.______________________________________________________答案whether→that Thereisnodoubtthat...“毫无疑问……”
五、短文改错IcametotheUSasaexchangestudentayearbefore.Therearefourpeopleinmyhostfamily.TheyareMr.Garavalia,hiswifeandhischild.Thehostfamilyhasamagicwhathaspulledmeinandmakemepartofit.IrememberwhenIfirstarrivedatmyhouse,itwasfarpasttheirusualbedtime.ButMr.GaravaliastillwaitedmeinthelivingroomandgavemeahugehugjustasIwalkedin.Iwasfeltsowarmafter14hoursoftiredflight.EverydaytheytreatmeasifIweretheirreallyfamily.Ilovethemverymuch.【答案】IcametotheUSasexchangestudentayear.Therearefourpeopleinmyhostfamily.TheyareMr.Garavalia,hiswifeandhis.Thehostfamilyhasamagichaspulledmeinandmepartofit.IrememberwhenIfirstarrivedathouse,itwasfarpasttheirusualbedtime.ButMr.GaravaliastillwaitedmeinthelivingroomandgavemeahugehugjustasIwalkedin.Ifeltsowarmafter14hoursofflight.EverydaytheytreatmeasifIweretheirfamily.Ilovethemverymuch.第一处a改为an考查冠词exchange的发音以元音音素开头故把a改为an第二处before改为ago考查副词时间副词before常常与完成时连用,ago常常与一般过去时连用,根据句中谓语动词为一般过去时可知,把before改为ago第三处child改为children考查名词复数根据上文中的“fourpeopleinmyhostfamily”可推断,这对夫妇应该有两个孩子,故把child改为children第四处what改为that/which考查定语从句分析句子结构可知,此处是一个定语从句,先行词是magic,从句缺少主语故把what改为that/which第五处make改为made考查时态分析句子结构可知,and一词后的动词make与其前haspulled作并列谓语,且在此并列结构中and后省略了与前面相同的助动词has,故把make改为made第六处my改为their考查代词此处指“我”第一次到达他们这对夫妇家的时候,故把my改为their第七处waited后加for考查介词waitforsb.意思是“等待某人”,为固定用法,故在waited后加for第八处删除felt前的was考查动词felt在此处为系动词feel的过去式,表示“感受到”,没有被动语态故删除felt前的was第九处tired改为tiring考查形容词此处表示“14个小时的令人疲倦的飞行之后”tiring“令人疲劳的”,tired“疲倦的,疲劳的”,故把tired改为tiring第十处really改为real考查形容词名词family前应用形容词来修饰,故把really改为real。