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Module5GreatPeopleandGreatInventionsofAncientChina[一积词汇见多识广] [课内单词回扣]一阅读词汇写其义1.philosophern.哲学家 2.philosophyn. 哲学3.thinkern.思想家4.barkn.树皮5.leathern.皮革6.softadj.柔软的7.categoryn.范畴;种类8.advisern.顾问二表达词汇写其形1.teachingn.常作复数教导;学说2.kindnessn.善良3.principlen.原则;准则4.positionn.职位5.stressvt.强调6.resignvi.辞职7.fueln.燃料8.conditionn.状况;条件;环境三拓展词汇灵活用*
1.equaladj.平等的;相等的v.比得上→equalityn.平等→equallyadv.平等地;相等地
2.importancen.重要;重要性→importantadj.重要的
3.ordern.秩序→orderlyadj.整洁的;有秩序的
4.influentialadj.有影响的→influencen.v.影响*
5.honestyn.诚实→honestadj.诚实的
6.justicen.公正→justadj.公正的*
7.contributionn.贡献→contributev.贡献;捐献;捐助*
8.inventvt.发明→inventionn.发明→inventorn.发明家*
9.argumentn.争论;辩论;议论→arguev.争论;争辩;主张;认为
10.freedomn.自由→freeadj.自由的;空闲的;免费的用上面标注*的单词的正确形式填空1.Allmenarebornequal_soeveryonehopestobetreatedequallybecauseequalityisthebasicdemand.equal2.Thehonestboyimpressedalltheemployerswithhishonesty.honest3.Edisonwasagreatinventorandwasfamousforhisinventionsbecauseheinventedmanythingsinhislife.invent4.Hisgreatcontributionstothepanyhavecontributedtoitsrapiddevelopmentinrecentyears.contribute5.Williamstartedoffonthewrongfootbyhavinganargumentwiththemanageronhisfirstdayatwork.Hearguedwithhimoversomethingunimportant.WearguedthatWilliamshouldfindabetterwaytoexpresshisidearatherthanbehavethatway.argue[话题单词积累]1.dynasty/dInəstI/n. 朝代2.emperor/empərə/n.皇帝3.queen/kwiːn/n.女王;王后4.slavery/sleIvərI/n.奴隶制度5.battle/bætəl/n.战斗;战役6.ancestor/ænsestə/n.祖先7.origin/ɒrIdʒIn/n.起源;由来8.weapon/wepən/n.武器9.aggression/əgreʃən/n.侵略10.revolution/revəluːʃən/n.革命11.uprising/ʌpraIzIŋ/n.起义12.incident/InsIdənt/n.事变13.invade/InveId/v.侵略14.occupy/ɒkjʊpaI/vt.攻占;忙于15.sacrifice/sækrIfaIs/v.牺牲16.betray/bItreI/vt.出卖;泄露机密17.escape/IskeIp/v.逃跑;逃走18.feudal/fjuːdəl/adj.封建制度的19.ancient/eInʃənt/adj.古代的20.primitive/prImItIv/adj.原始的;远古的21.historic/hIstɒrIk/adj.历史上著名或重要的22.historical/hIstɒrIkəl/adj.与历史有关的;史学的23.independence/IndIpendəns/n.独立24.independent/ˌIndIpendənt/adj.独立的25.slavery/sleIvərI/n.奴隶制度26.pyramid/pIrəmId/n.金字塔27.period/pIərIəd/n.时期;时代28.stable/steIbəl/adj.稳固的;牢固的29.popularity/ˌpɒpjulærəti/n.受欢迎;流行30.automatic/ˌɔːtəmætIk/adj.自动的[二积短语顿挫抑扬] [课内短语回扣]一根据汉语写出下列短语*
1.agree_with 同意;与……相符;适合某人
2.be_at_war_with与……交战*
3.bring_up养育;抚养*
4.bee_interested_in对……感兴趣
5.a_sense_of_responsibility责任感*
6.be_proud_of为……自豪*
7.in_conclusion总之*
8.for_the_first_time第一次
9.more_than超过*
10.be_similar_to与……相似二用上面标注*的短语完成下列句子1.Hisparentswere_proud_ofwhathehadachievedinscienceandencouragedhimtosticktohisdream.2.TheSmithsarepraisedforthewaytheybring_uptheirchildren.3.Hebecame_interested_inpaintingwhenhewasalittleboy.4.Youlookwell.TheairandtheseafoodsinSanyamustagree_withyouIsuppose.5.ImetJackfor_the_first_timeatLucysbirthdaypartyandwehavebeegoodfriendseversince.6.In_conclusion_wewouldliketothankallthosewhohaveworkedsohardtobringaboutthisresult.7.StudyingWendysmenuIfoundthatmanyoftheitemsare_similar_tothoseofMcDonalds.[话题短语积累]1.playarolein 在……中起作用2.onceuponatime从前3.serveas充当,担任;起……的作用4.asaconsequenceof由于5.leadamiserablelife过着痛苦的生活6.setup建立;设立7.heartandsoul全心全意地8.atthebeginning/startof在……开始时9.bedevotedto致力于,专注于10.inthecourseof在……期间,在……过程中11.votefor/against投票,支持/反对12.onbehalfof代表13.etopower上台执政14.inthelongrun从长远来看15.declarewaron...对……宣战16.beknownas作为……而出名17.beconsideredas被认为是……18.ofalltime有史以来;一直19.beinpower执政,当权20.inpeace和平[三积句式写作扮靓] [课内句式仿写]1.theway+that/inwhich引导的定语从句thatinwhich可以省略[例句] Treatothersinthewayyouwanttobetreated.[仿写] 我认为减少食物浪费的关键是改变我们购物的方式Ithinkthekeytowastinglessfoodischangingthewaythat/in_which_we_shop.2.“thereasonwhy...isthat...”中why引导定语从句,that引导表语从句[例句] Menciusbelievedthatthereasonwhymanisdifferentfromanimalsisthatmanisgood.[仿写] 我一直渴望去美国的原因是想去体验被认为是世界上最多元化的美国文化The_reason_whyIhavebeenlongingtogotoAmericais_thatIwanttoexperienceAmericanculturewhichisbelievedtobethemostdiverseintheworld.3.“do/does/did+动词原形”表示强调[例句] Howeverwedoknowthatin1092ADheinventedthefirstrealclock.[仿写] 他的确喜欢听古典音乐Hedoes_enjoylisteningtoclassicalmusic.4.no+比较级+than“同……一样不……”[例句] Carswerefirstusedattheendofthenineteenthcenturyandwerenofasterthanahorse.[仿写] 汤姆履行职责并不比迪克好Tomisno_better_thanDickinperformingtheduty.[话题佳句背诵]1.ZhengHeanexplorerinMingDynastyismyfavoritefigureinChinesehistory.2016·北京高考书面表达郑和是明朝的一位探险家,他是我最喜欢的中国历史人物2.ConfuciusisconsideredasthegreatestoftheancientChinesesages.孔子被认为是古代中国最伟大的圣人3.Heholdsthebeliefthathowimportantitwastostandonhisowntwofeetandberesponsibleforhisownacts.他相信脚踏实地和对自己行为负责的重要性4.Bybeingdevotedtowhathedoesnomatterhowboringitishesetsagoodexampletous.不管事情有多枯燥,他都会全身心地去做所做之事,为我们树立一个好榜样5.Owingtothefactthathecandowhateverhehaschosentodowithgreatperseverancehehasmadegreatachievementsinmanyfields.由于他能够坚持不懈地做他所选择做的任何事情,所以他在很多领域都取得了巨大成就[四背语段语感流畅] Confuciuslivedinatimewhenstateswereoftenatwarwitheachother.Hisfatherdiedwhenhewasveryyoungandhewasbroughtupbyhismother.Althoughhehadawideknowledgetherulerdidntfollowhisadvice.Afterresigninghebegantotravelfromstatetostatespreadinghisprinciples.HisteachingshavehadagreatinfluenceonChinaforover2000years.Hestressedtheimportanceofthekindnessdutyandorderinsociety.孔子生活在一个各诸侯国之间经常发生战争的年代他自幼丧父,他母亲把他抚养成人尽管他知识渊博,统治者却不采纳他的主张辞职之后,他开始周游列国,宣扬他的学说他的学说极大地影响了中国2000多年他强调仁爱、责任和社会秩序的重要性[第一板块 重点词汇突破] [师生共研词汇]1.equaladj.平等的;相等的;胜任的v.等于;比得上n.同等的人;相等物[教材原句] Allhumanbeingsareequal.所有的人都是平等的1equal...with... 把……与……等同2beequaltodoingsth.等于;能胜任做某事beequalwith与……平等equalsb./sth.indoingsth.在做某事方面比得过,敌得过某人/某物withoutequal无与伦比3equalityn.相等;平等equallyadv.相等地;同样地
①Weneedtobeactiveinallkindsofsportsandpayattentiontomentalhealthwhichisequaltophysicalhealth.我们要积极参加各种体育运动,注重心理健康,它与身体健康同等重要
②HongKongWetlandParkisequallyequalattractiveinspringandautumnfortheweatherispleasantinbothseasons.香港湿地公园在春季和秋季同样地具有吸引力,因为这两个季节的天气都很宜人
③Suchstupidityiswithout_equalintheentirehistoryofhumanrelations.如此愚蠢的行为在整个人际关系史上找不出第二个2.ordern.秩序;次序;命令;订购;点的饭菜vt.命令;订购;点饭菜[教材原句] Hestressedtheimportanceofkindnessdutyandorderinsociety.他强调了仁爱、责任和社会秩序的重要性1inorderof 以……的顺序inorder井然有序;适宜;妥当outoforder有毛病;发生故障placeanorderforsth.withsb.向某人订购某物2ordersb.todosth.命令某人做某事orderthat...命令……
①Orderedorderoveraweekagothebooksareexpectedtoarriveanytimenow.2016·北京高考单选这些书是一个多星期以前订购的,现在有望随时到货
②Icantmakeacallasourtelephoneisout_of_order.我无法打电话,因为我们的电话坏了
③Heorderedthateverythingshould_bebereadybeforetheexperiments.他要求在实验开始之前一切都准备好[名师指津] order用作动词或名词,表示“命令”时,其后相关的从句中要用“should+动词原形”表示虚拟语气,should可以省略3.stressvt.强调;施压于;使紧张n.压力;重音;强调[高考佳句] Oneofthemosteffectivewaystoreducestressistotalkaboutfeelingswithsomeoneyoutrust.2015·浙江高考单选减轻压力最有效的方式之一就是与你信任的人聊聊感受1stresstheimportanceofsth.强调某事的重要性understress在压力之下underthestressof在……压力下;为……所迫lay/put/placestresson强调;把重点放在……上2stressfuladj.压力大的;紧张的
①Cooperationorteamworktheimportanceofwhichisoftenstressedplaysanimportantpartinfootballmatches.合作或协作,在足球比赛中起着重要作用,这一点经常被强调
②Thingscaneasilygowrongwhenpeopleareunder_stress.人在压力之下,办事情就容易出差错
③Studyingabroadcanbestressfulstressbecauseyouhavetoworryaboutadjustingtoanewcultureatthesametime.在国外学习可能压力很大,因为你同时不得不担心适应一种新的文化4.conditionn.状况;条件;环境[教材原句] Oftenfactoryworkerslivedinpoorandcrowdedconditions.通常工厂工人生活在贫穷和拥挤的环境中1living/housing/workingconditions 生活/住房/工作条件under...conditions在……条件下2beingood/bad/poorcondition状况良好/恶劣;健康/不健康outofcondition身体不适3onconditionthat...在……条件下;倘若;只要onnocondition决不放于句首时,句子需用部分倒装
①Mygrandmothertakesexerciseeverydayandsheisin_good_conditionnow.我奶奶每天都锻炼身体,因此她现在身体状况很好
②Youmayusethisputeraslongas=on_condition_thatyouareabletouseitproperlysoasnottodamageit.你可以使用这台电脑,条件是你能恰当地使用它并且不弄坏它
③Onnoconditionmust_you_tellhimwhathappened.你决不能把发生的事情告诉他[名师指津] condition表示“工作、生活或住房等条件”时,通常要用复数形式;而表示“状况”时,则为不可数名词[词汇过关练]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.YetwoulditbesurprisingifItellyouthathighschoollifeintheUSisalmostasstressful_stressanddemandingasitisinChina2.Learningtoreadandwriteopensthedoortogetabetterjobandbetterlivingconditionscondition.3.ImnotequaltothepositionsoIdontapplyforit.4.Idliketoplaceanorderforsometeawithyourpany.
5.2017·北京高考单选Thelittleproblemsthatwemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventionsinvent.6.Heisaveryinfluentialinfluencemaninthepanysoeveryonewouldliketofollowhisadvice.7.Consideringhisgreatcontributionstothepanyheisreallyworthyoftheposition.8.Theyagreedtotheplaninprinciplebuttherewereseveraldetailstheydidntlike.9.Bobresignedfromthepanybecausethejobwasnotchallengingenoughinhisopinionandheneedssomethingdemandingtodevelophisabilitytodealwithplicatedsituations.10.InmyopinionhonestyhonestisthemostimportantpartoffriendshipbecauseIhatebeingcheated.Ⅱ.单句改错1.Hecantstillgoforanoutingbecauseheisoutofthecondition.去掉the2.Heorderedthatthestudentsshouldworetheirspecialclothesduringthemilitarytraining.wore→wear3.Fatheralwaysputsalotofstressesongoodtablemanners.stresses→stress4.Menandwomenmustbetreatedequalineducationandemployment.equal→equally
5.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecitywhichweworked.which→whereⅢ.单句写作句型转换1.Thedoctororderedmetotakearestforamonth.→Thedoctorordered_that_I_should_takearestforamonth.2.Youshouldonnoconditiontellalie.→Onnoconditionshould_you_tellalie.3.Noonematcheshimincourageaboutwhicheveryoneknows.→Nooneequals_him_incourageaboutwhicheveryoneknows.→Nooneis_equal_to_him_incourageaboutwhicheveryoneknows.[第二板块 短语、句式突破] 1.bringup养育;抚养;提出;呕吐[教材原句] Hisfatherdiedwhenhewasyoungandhewasbroughtupbyhismother.他的父亲在他小时候就去世了,他母亲把他抚养成人[一词多义] 写出下列句中bringup的含义
①TheSmithsarepraisedforthewaytheybringuptheirchildren.抚养
②Hebroughtupapracticalplanatthemeetingwhichbroughtdownthecostofproduction.提出
③Hewasdrunkandbroughtupwhathehadeatenatmidnight.呕吐bringabout 引起,带来,导致事故、变化等bringback带回;使回忆起某事bringdown使……降低;使……倒下bringin引入;赚得;挣得bringout显现出;使发挥;阐明
④Manypeoplearebeginningtoreflectonwhywepaysomuchtostudyabroadandwhatkindofconsequencesitwillbringabout.很多人开始反思,我们付出这么多到国外留学是为了什么?这又会带来什么结果?
⑤Pleasemakeanothersentencetobringoutthemeaningofthephrase.请再造一个句子来阐明这个短语的意义2.Treatothersinthe_wayyouwanttobetreated.己所不欲,勿施于人句中theway作先行词,“youwanttobetreated”为省略关系词的定语从句修饰theway1way表示“方式;方法”时,其后常接inwhich或that引导的定语从句,也可以将关系词inwhich或that省略掉,此时关系词在从句中作状语2way后接定语从句时,如果关系词在从句中作主语或宾语则用关系代词that/which,作宾语时还可以省略3way表示“方式;方法”时,其后还可接动词不定式或ofdoingsth.的形式
①Theresearchsuggeststhatstressmaychangethewayin_which/thatpeoplemakechoicesinpredictableways.研究表明压力或许会以可预见的方式改变人们的选择
②Thewaythat/whichcameupatthemeetingwasunpractical.在会议上提出的方法不切实际
③Andyoushouldkeepitinmindthatparingnoteswithyourclassmatesfrequentlyisagoodwayto_improveimproveyourstudy.2015·四川高考书面表达你应该记住经常与同班同学商量是提高学习的有效办法3.Menciusbelievedthatthe_reason_whymanisdifferentfromanimalsis_thatmanisgood.孟子认为人不同于动物的原因是人性本善believed后面是that引导的宾语从句,从句中使用了“thereasonwhy...isthat...”句式,其中why引导的是定语从句;is之后的that引导的是表语从句1reason用作先行词后接定语从句时,首先判断定语从句中缺少什么成分,如果缺少状语,则要用关系副词why或forwhich引导定语从句,why有时可省略;如果缺少主语或宾语,要用关系代词that/which引导定语从句2thereason后接同位语从句解释其内容时,用引导词that
①Thereasonwhyhehashadsuchasuccessisthathenevergivesup.他取得如此成功的原因是他从不放弃
②Thereasonthat/whichheexplainedatthemeetingwasthathedidntcatchthefirstbus.他在会议上解释的理由是他没有赶上早班车
③Whydontyoubelievethereasonthatmycarwasheldupinthetrafficjam你为什么不相信我堵车了这个理由呢?[短语、句式过关练]Ⅰ.bring短语介、副词填空1.BeingbroughtupinthecountrysidemadeMrWilsonveryhardworkingwhenhewasveryyoung.2.Weneedtobringinmorenewmachinestokeepupwithourpanysdevelopment.3.Thegovernmenthasmadegreateffortstobringdownfoodpriceswhichhavebeentoohighforyears.4.Peoplenowadaysseemtohaveenjoyedthegreatbenefitsbroughtaboutbythegreatestlevelofeconomicdevelopment.5.Agoodteachernevercriticizeshisorherpupilsbutusespraisetobringouttheirbest.Ⅱ.补全句子1.最后,我想说我在这里过得有多么愉快In_conclusion_IdliketosayhowmuchIenjoyedstayinghere.2.你日常生活中发生的事情会改变你看待世界和世间的人的方式Somethingthathappensinyourdailylifewillchangethe_way_you_look_at_the_worldandthepeopleinit.3.这将节省时间、减少你的工作量、帮助你的孩子们培养责任感Thiswillsavetimereduceyourworkloadandhelpyourchildrendevelopa_sense_of_responsibility.4.是六年前他第一次来中国的时候他才开始学习汉语的ItwassixyearsagowhenhecametoChinafor_the_first_time_thathebegantolearnChinese.Ⅲ.句型转换1.Neitherthisnovelnorthatoneisinteresting.→Thisnovelisno_more_interesting_thanthatone.2.Tomoversleptthismorning.Thatiswhyhewaslateforwork.→The_reason_whyTomwaslateforworkis_thatheoversleptthismorning.3.CanyouworkoutawayWecansolvetheprobleminthisway.→Canyouworkoutawaythatwecansolvetheproblem→Canyouworkoutawayin_whichwecansolvetheproblem提能一 用课文词汇写高分作文position,equal,honesty,importance,stress,condition,contribution,resign,influential,justice1.补全要点句“黑体”部分选用上面方框中的单词或短语
①李华在一家大公司担任高级职务LiHuaheldaseniorpositioninalargepany.
②他胜任他的工作Hewasequaltohisjob.
③在工作期间,他总是强调诚实和公正的重要性Duringhisworkhealwaysstressedtheimportanceofhonestyandjustice.
④这使他成为公司里有影响的人物Itmadehimbeeaninfluentialfigureinthepany.
⑤他的同事都认为他对公司的发展做出了极大的贡献Allhisworkmatesthoughtthathemadegreatcontributionstothedevelopmentofthepany.
⑥几天前,他因身体不适而辞职Heresignedseveraldaysagobecausehewasout_of_condition.2.升级平淡句1用who引导的非限制性定语从句连接句
①和句
②Li_Hua_who_held_a_senior_position_in_a_large_pany_was_equal_to_his_job.2用现在分词短语作结果状语连接句
③和句
④During_his_work_he_always_stressed_the_importance_of_honesty_and_justice_making_him_bee_an_influential_figure_in_the_pany.3.衔接成语篇注意使用适当的过渡衔接词汇sounfortunatelyLiHuawhoheldaseniorpositioninalargepanywasequaltohisjob.Duringhisworkhealwaysstressedtheimportanceofhonestyandjusticemakinghimbeeaninfluentialfigureinthepany.Soallhisworkmatesthoughtthathemadegreatcontributionstothedevelopmentofthepany.Unfortunatelyheresignedseveraldaysagobecausehewasoutofcondition.提能二 用课文句型解构高考长难句 [本单元突破点——宾语从句中包含定语从句]经典例句比较分析真题尝试翻译课文长难句Mozitaughtthatweshouldloveallhumanbeingsandlookafterthosewhoareweakerthanourselves.that引导宾语从句,在该宾语从句中包含了一个由who引导的定语从句,修饰先行词those对于这份运送的工作而言,你会自觉地意识到在你手中的那个箱子里装着的很可能是挽救某人生命的东西真题长难句Forthiscourierjobyoureconsciouslyawarethatinthatboxyouvegotsomethingthatispotentiallygoingtosavesomebodyslife.2016·全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解Cthat引导宾语从句,在该宾语从句中包含了一个由that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词something“历史人物与古代发明”是高中新课程标准24个话题之一——“历史与地理”中的一个子话题,也是高考热点话题提及此话题,你一定能够想起不少的历史人物与古代发明,其中也一定有你最喜爱的历史人物,你从他的人生经历中学到了什么?你最喜爱他的什么?对你的成长有哪些积极的影响?这些正是我们考生所应该思考的纵观历年高考试题,此话题多在阅读理解、写作题型中考查
一、话题与语篇[考题示例] 2017·浙江高考阅读A
[1]BenjaminWestthefatherofAmericanpaintingshowedhistalentforartwhenhewasonlysixyearsofage.Buthedidnotknowaboutbrushesbeforeavisitortoldhimheneededone.Inthosedaysabrushwasmadefromcamelshair.Therewerenocamelsnearby.Benjamindecidedthatcathairwouldworkinstead.Hecutsomefurfromthefamilycattomakeabrush.
[2]Thebrushdidnotlastlong.SoonBenjaminneededmorefur.Beforelongthecatbegantolookragged蓬乱.Hisfathersaidthatthecatmustbesick.Benjaminwasforcedtoadmitwhathehadbeendoing.
[3]The_cats_lot_was_about_to_improve.ThatyearoneofBenjaminscousinsMr.Penningtoncametovisit.HewasimpressedwithBenjaminsdrawings.WhenhewenthomehesentBenjaminaboxofpaintandsomebrushes.Healsosentsixengravings版画byanartist.ThesewerethefirstpicturesandfirstrealpaintandbrushesBenjaminhadeverseen.
[4]In1747whenBenjaminwasnineyearsoldMr.Penningtonreturnedforanothervisit.HewasamazedatwhatBenjaminhaddonewithhisgift.HeaskedBenjaminsparentsifhemighttaketheboybacktoPhiladelphiaforavisit.
[5]InthecityMr.PenningtongaveBenjaminmaterialsforcreatingoilpaintings.Theboybeganalandscape风景painting.WilliamWilliamsawellknownpaintercametoseehimwork.WilliamswasimpressedwithBenjaminandgavehimtwoclassicbooksonpaintingtotakehome.Thebookswerelonganddull.Benjamincouldreadonlyalittlehavingbeenapoorstudent.Buthelatersaid“Thosetwobooksweremypanionsbydayandundermypillowatnight.”Whileitislikelythatheunderstoodverylittleofthebookstheywerehisintroductiontoclassicalpaintings.Thenineyearoldboydecidedthenthathewouldbeanartist.1.WhatisthetextmainlyaboutA.BenjaminsvisittoPhiladelphia.B.WilliamsinfluenceonBenjamin.C.ThebeginningofBenjaminslifeasanartist.D.ThefriendshipbetweenBenjaminandPennington.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinparagraph3suggestA.Thecatwouldbecloselywatched.B.Thecatwouldgetsomemedicalcare.C.Benjaminwouldleavehishomeshortly.D.Benjaminwouldhaverealbrushessoon.3.WhatdidPenningtondotohelpBenjamindevelophistalentA.Hetookhimtoseepaintingexhibitions.B.Heprovidedhimwithpaintingmaterials.C.HesenthimtoaschoolinPhiladelphia.D.Hetaughthimhowtomakeengravings.4.WilliamstwobookshelpedBenjaminto________.A.mastertheuseofpaintsB.appreciatelandscapepaintingsC.gettoknowotherpaintersD.makeuphismindtobeapainter[策略指导] 一这样读文第1步宏观把握文章大意分层抓关键句概括层意行文结构第1~2段第1段画波浪线部分少年才华初显本文按照时间顺序从本杰明·韦斯特在六岁时自制画笔作画写起,到后来得到堂兄赠送专业工具作画,再到知名画家送给本杰明书籍,讲述了本杰明·韦斯特是如何一步步走上艺术之路的第3~4段第
3、4段画波浪线部分堂兄帮助第5段第5段画波浪线部分贵人相助,立志成才第2步微观突破理解障碍[自主翻译] 由于是个穷学生,本杰明只能读懂一点点[自主翻译] 虽然他可能对这些书理解甚少,但它们却是他了解古典绘画的入门指导二这样做题[名师解题]1.主旨大意题选C 文章从本杰明·韦斯特在六岁时自制画笔作画写起,到后来利用专业工具作画,再到知名画家送给本杰明书籍,都是在讲述本杰明是如何一步步走上艺术之路的故选C项2.句意理解题选D 根据第二段可知,本杰明在没有专业画笔之前是用猫的毛制作画笔的画线句的字面意思是“猫的命运将会得到改善”根据画线部分后的内容可知,本杰明的堂兄送给了他专业的颜料和画笔由此可推知D项与画线部分的意思相符3.细节理解题选B 根据最后一段第一句“InthecityMr.PenningtongaveBenjaminmaterialsforcreatingoilpaintings.”可知,为了更好地发展本杰明的绘画天赋,堂兄潘宁顿给了他很多帮助,提供了创作油画的材料,故选B项4.推理判断题选D 根据最后一段本杰明说的话以及“Whileitislikelythatheunderstood...Thenineyearoldboydecidedthenthathewouldbeanartist.”可推知,威廉姆斯给本杰明的两本关于绘画的著作帮助本杰明打开了艺术之门,使他立志成为艺术家,故选D项[阅读理解系列技法12] 了解设题方式,速解细节理解题细节理解题的设题方式通常有1.语意转换细节理解题设题时为了避免出现原文中所用的词汇,常常使用一些同义词、近义词或反义词双重否定因而在解题时要注意语意转换2.设题顺序一般来说,题序与其相关信息在文中的顺序一致,如某题的答案信息往往会在下一小题的答案信息之前3.设题干扰项错误类型
①正误并存部分正确,部分错误
②扩大或缩小范围是原文信息,但不是题干要求
③偷换概念符合常识,但不是题目要求的内容
④以偏概全与原句的内容极其相似,但在程度、态度、褒贬色彩等细节上有变动
⑤无中生有明显不是文章的信息,与文章事实不符或相反下面我们以上文第3小题为例根据题干“WhatdidPenningtondotohelpBenjamindevelophistalent?”可知此题考查潘宁顿为了帮助本杰明发展他的天赋做了什么仔细查看选项,选项B中的“paintingmaterials”与原文第五段中的“materialsforcreatingoilpaintings”为语意转换,即潘宁顿为本杰明提供了创作油画的材料,故选B三这样积累1.lastvt. 足够维持尤指某段时间2.lotn.许多;份额;命运3.panionn.同伴;同甘共苦的伙伴4.showedtalentfor展现出……的天赋5.bemadefrom由……制成6.beforcedtodo被迫做某事7.beamazedat对……表示惊讶8.beimpressedwith对……有深刻的印象
二、话题与写作[考题示例] 2016·北京高考假设你是红星中学高三学生李华你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他对中国历史很感兴趣,并请你介绍一位你喜欢的中国历史人物请你给Jim回信,内容包括1.该人物是谁;2.该人物的主要贡献;3.该人物对你的影响注意
1.词数不少于50;2.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数DearJim,Yours,LiHua[写作规范] 第一步写对词汇不丢冤枉分1.收到某人来信 hear_from_2.对……感到骄傲feel_proudof3.关于;至于as_for4.引入;介绍introduce5.现代技术modern_technologies6.鼓舞;激励inspire第二步列全要点、写对句子保基本分1.知道你对于中国历史有兴趣,我感到骄傲Ifeel_proud_of_knowingyourinterestinChinesehistory.2.关于我最喜欢的中国历史人物,那肯定是魏源As_for_my_favorite_figure_in_Chinese_history_itmustbeWeiYuan.3.他是清代晚期一位著名的思想家He_was_a_great_thinkerinthelateQingDynasty.4.他把现代技术和观念引入中国Heintroduced_modern_technologies_and_ideastoChina.5.那让我们放眼看世界That_opened_our_eyestotheworld.6.他激励着我在大学里专修英语,成为中国和世界进行沟通的桥梁Heinspires_me_to_major_in_English_in_college_tobeabridgebetweenChinaandtheworld.第三步句式升级、打造亮点得高分1.把句3改为名词性短语,放于句2中作同位语As_for_my_favorite_figure_in_Chinese_history_it_must_be_Wei_Yuan_a_great_thinker_in_the_late_Qing_Dynasty.2.把句5改为which引导的非限制性定语从句并和句4合并He_introduced_modern_technologies_and_ideas_to_China,which_opened_our_eyes_to_the_world._第四步过渡衔接、润色成文创满分DearJim,Its_great_to_hear_from_you._I_feel_proud_of_knowing_your_interest_in_Chinese_history.AsformyfavoritefigureinChinesehistoryitmustbeWeiYuanagreatthinkerinthelateQingDynasty.HeinhisbookHaiguoTuzhiMapsandRecordsoftheWorld,introducedmoderntechnologiesandideastoChina.Thatopenedoureyestotheworld.InfactheinspiresmetomajorinEnglishincollegetobeabridgebetweenChinaandtheworld.Interested_in_knowing_more_I_can_find_you_some_books!_Just_let_me_know.Cheers!Yours,LiHuaⅠ.阅读理解ACalled“themanwhoshapedAmerica”and“thefatherofmodernindustrialdesign”,RaymondLoewymustbeoneofthemostinfluentialdesignersofalltime.Herevolutionizedtheindustryworkingasanadviserformorethan200paniesandcreatingdesignsforeverythingfrompackagingtorefrigeratorsfromcarstotheinsidesofspaceships.Loewysdesignsallhadonethinginmon.TheywereshapedbytheMAYAprinciple—MostAdvancedYetAcceptable.Hisideawasthatpeoplewillnotacceptsolutionstodesignproblemsifthesolutionsaretoodifferentfromcurrentdesigns.Loewystartedhiscareerinindustrialdesignin1929byredesigningacopyingmachinefortheBritishmanufacturerSigmundGestetner.The28yearolddesignerpletedthetaskinthreedaysandthedesignofthemachinelastedforthenext40years.TheGestetnercopyingmachinewasthebeginningofmanydesignswhichusedstreamlining流线型.Hedescribedthisas“beautythroughfunctionandsimplification”.Hespentthenext50yearsstreamliningeverythingfrompostagestampsandpanylogos商标totheinsidesofstores.ThefamousGreyhoundbusandStudebakercarshowhisuseofstreamlininginaction.HeisperhapsmostfamousforhisredesignoftheLuckyStrikepackaging.In1940thePresidentoftheLuckyStrikeManufacturingpanyGeorgeWashingtonHillbetLoewy$50000thathecouldnotimprovetheappearanceofthegreenandredLuckyStrikepackets.Loewyacceptedthechallenge.Hechangedthebackgroundofthepacketfromgreentowhite.Thenheputtheredluckystriketargetonbothsidesofthepacket.Thismadeitmoreeyecatchingandgreatlyincreasedsales.Itisnowrecognizedasadesignclassic.Loewyslogodesignaimedat“visualretention视觉保持”.Hewantedtomakesurethatanyonewhosawthelogoevenforashortwhilewouldneverforgetit.HedesignedmanyhighlyvisiblelogosforfamouspaniessuchasShellOilExxonGreyhoundandNabisco.Bythemid20thcenturyhisindustrialdesignfirmwassofamousthathecouldsay“theaveragepersonleadinganormallife...isboundtobeindailycontactwithsomeofthethingsservicesorstructures”designedbyhisfirm.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文文章主要介绍了20世纪最著名的美国工业设计师之一与美国工业奠基人雷蒙德·罗维1.Loewysbiggestinfluencewasin________.A.pletelychangingthedesignindustryB.successfullyshapingAmericanstasteC.changingpeoplesideaaboutdesignD.buildingaprofessionaldesignteam解析选A 细节理解题根据第一段中的“thefatherofmodernindustrialdesign”和“oneofthemostinfluentialdesignersofalltime”以及“Herevolutionizedtheindustry”可知,雷蒙德·罗维完全改变了设计行业2.Loewysdesignswerebasedontheideaof________.A.speedingupthedesignprocessB.providingpletelydifferentdesignsC.providingmostimmediatelyrecognizabledesignsD.offeringoriginalbutnotrevolutionaryanswerstoproblems解析选D 推理判断题根据第二段可知,罗维的设计都基于一个原则最先进的但仍可接受的3.Loewyfirstusedstreamlining________.A.inhisredesignoftheLuckyStrikepackagingB.whenhedesignedapanylogofortheGestetnerC.whenheredesignedacopyingmachineforGestetnerD.inhisdesignfortheGreyhoundbusandStudebakercar解析选C 细节理解题根据第四段中的“TheGestetnercopyingmachinewasthebeginningofmanydesignswhichusedstreamlining流线型.”可知,罗维受委托为一位企业家SigmundGestetner重新设计复印机,他首次采用“流线、简单化”的设计理念4.WhatcanweinferfromthelastparagraphA.Loewyprovidedservicetoordinarypeople.B.Loewysdesignswerefamousandinfluential.C.Loewysdesignfirmsexistedallovertheworld.D.Loewywasweledandrespectedbythepublic.解析选B 推理判断题根据最后一段可知,一个普通人每日都会接触雷蒙德·洛威公司的设计作品,由此可推知,雷蒙德·罗维公司的设计作品非常著名,而且极富影响力BInthestateofMarylandagirlwasbornintoslaveryin
1820.HerparentsnamedherAramintaHarrietRoss.ShewastobeeHarrietTubman.ShewasoneofaboutonemillionAfricansinslaveryintheUnitedStates.FromtheageoffiveHarrietTubmansownersmadeherworkveryhard.Firstshecaredforthechildofthefarmowner.Thenshedidhardworkonlargefarms.AlthoughshecouldnotreadorwriteTubmanlearnedfromherparentstodowhatwasright.ThroughherwholelifeTubmanputherselfindangertohelpotherpeople.Onesuchactchangedherlifewhenshewas13yearsold.Becauseshehelpedanotherslaveherownerthrewapieceofmetalatherandithitheronthehead.Shewasbadlyhurt.FortherestofherlifeTubmansheadwoundcausedproblemsforher.Whenshewasabout25yearsold,HarrietmarriedafreeblackmannamedJohnTubman.Butshewasstillaslave.Herlifewassodifficultthatshedecidedtoescape.Shetravelledfor145kilometresandfinallycrossedintotheNorth.Tubmanbecameafreewoman.ButTubmancouldnotleaveherfamilyenslavedintheSouth.Soshetravelledbacktohelpthemescapeaswell.Thenshemademanytripsandguidedabout300slavestofreedom.TubmanalsofoughtbravelyintheAmericanCivilWarandin1865slaverywasnotallowedintheUS.HarrietTubmandiedin
1913.Hermemorybringshopetomanypeople—especiallytothosewhofightforjustice.Sheencouragedpeopletonevergiveup.“Ifyouwantatasteoffreedomkeepgoing.”语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文文章主要介绍了美国杰出的黑人废奴主义运动家哈莉特·塔布曼的生平事迹5.WhatdoweknowaboutHarrietTubmanA.Shewasbornaslave.B.ShewasborninAfrica.C.ShewastakentotheUSbyaslavetrader.D.Shewassoldtoafarmownerwhenshewasborn.解析选A 细节理解题根据第一段中的“agirlwasbornintoslavery”可知,哈莉特·塔布曼出生于奴隶家庭,也就意味着她一出生就是奴隶6.Whenshewas13yearsoldTubman________.A.plannedtorunawayB.helpedaslaveescapeC.foughtbravelyagainstherownerD.wasseriouslywoundedinherhead解析选D 细节理解题根据第四段中的“whenshewas13yearsold”和“herownerthrewapieceofmetalatherandithitheronthehead.Shewasbadlyhurt”可知,塔布曼在13岁的时候,头部受到重创7.WecaninferfromthetextthatTubmanwas________.A.honestandfriendly B.strongandhelpfulC.luckyandcarefulD.cleverandpolite解析选B 推理判断题根据文中对塔布曼事迹的描述可知,作为奴隶的她受到非人的折磨,但她却凭借自己顽强的意志成功摆脱奴隶的身份,并且多次帮助其他奴隶获得了自由由此可知,B项准确概括了塔布曼的品质特点8.WhatwouldbethebesttitleforthetextA.AfricansFightforFreedomB.HarrietTubman:FromSlavetoHeroC.TheHistoryofSlaveryintheUnitedStatesD.TheAmericanCivilWar:TheNorthAgainsttheSouth解析选B 标题归纳题哈莉特·塔布曼出身奴隶,但她渴望自由,最终逃到美国北方,获取新生不仅如此,她还帮助无数黑奴奔向自由,成为一名英雄故B项为最佳标题Ⅱ.完形填空Mydaddiedlastyear.Hewasnt__1__,onlyagedsixtysix.Youcanprobably__2__theupsettheangertheunexpectedfloodof__3__thathavefilledthetwelvemonthssincethen.WhatwouldIdowithouthimMoreimportantlyIhadtofaceuptothe__4__thatwithhimgoneIwastheoldestinmyfamily.ThemostfearfulofallIrealizedthattherewasnoonebetweenmeand__5__.Afterhisgenerationwasgoneminewouldbethenextgeneration.It__6__Ihadtobethegrownup.Althoughitwas__7__,itbroughtanotherrealization.Allthroughmylifemyfatherhadbeensteppingawayfromme—notinaneglectful疏忽的waybutinawaythatkeptme__8__.HetoldmewhenItookmyfirstbabystepshealwaysheldme.ThenexttimeI__9__,hestoppedholdingme.AsImovedforwardhetookastepbackandItookanother__10__!IntheswimmingpoolIswamtowardsthedeepend.Ifelt__11__intheknowledgethatDadwasrightinfront.He__12__asIpletedthefirstround.He__13__theseatofmybicycleuntilhethoughtIwas__14__.Andthenwithoutmeeven__15__itheletgoandsteppedaway.Whenmyown__16__camealonghetoldmeasafatherhowIshould__17__theminhisopinion.Thenhebackedawaywiththewords“Butitsyour__18__.”NowImahusbandafatheranuncleandagrandfather.Iwasallofthat__19__hedied.He__20__metobeagoodmanlikehim.语篇解读本文主要介绍了过世的父亲对作者的影响1.A.sadB.badC.sickD.old解析选D 根据本空后的“onlyagedsixtysix”可知,作者的父亲去世时还不算老2.A.feelB.findC.imagineD.expect解析选C 根据本空后的“twelvemonths”可知,你完全可以想象到作者一年来的感受3.A.tearsB.wordsC.lettersD.visitors解析选A 根据本空前的upset和anger可知,父亲去世后,作者整天以泪洗面4.A.factB.newsC.possibilityD.message解析选A 作者已经是这个家族中年龄最大的了,这是作者要面对的事实5.A.troubleB.deathC.natureD.danger解析选B 根据上句中的oldest和下句中的“Afterhisgenerationwasgone”可知,最让人作者感到恐惧的是,在他与死亡之间已经没有人了作者父亲那一代人都已经去世了,马上就要轮到作者这一代人了6.A.showedB.sensedC.provedD.meant解析选D 此句是对上句的解释,那就意味着作者不得不承担起一个成人的责任7.A.difficultB.surprisingC.fearfulD.special解析选C 根据上文中的“Themostfearfulofall”可知,虽然有些恐惧,但是这些恐惧还让作者意识到了一些东西8.A.goingawayB.lookingoutC.ingoutD.movingforward解析选D 与上句中的“steppingaway”构成对比,这并不是父亲不管作者,而是促使他奋勇向前9.A.stoppedB.fellC.triedD.worked解析选C 根据本空后的“AsImovedforward”可知,作者再次尝试走路10.A.stepB.restC.leadD.look解析选A 作者向前走时,父亲退后了一步,然后作者又向前迈了一步11.A.hardB.safeC.nervousD.tired解析选B 根据本空后的“Dadwasrightinfront”可知,作者知道父亲就在前面,所以他有了安全感12.A.turnedupB.cameupC.gaveinD.walkedaway解析选D 作者的父亲总是在作者学会某些东西后就退后了,所以当作者学会游泳时,作者的父亲在作者完成第一圈后就走开了13.A.heldB.fixedC.touchedD.tested解析选A 根据下句中的“letgo”可知,父亲一直抓着自行车车座,直到作者做好准备14.A.relaxedB.fortableC.readyD.careful解析选C 参见上题解析15.A.tellingB.allowingC.controllingD.realizing解析选D 父亲在作者后边,所以他松手时作者并不知道16.A.ideasB.chancesC.childrenD.friends解析选C 根据下文中的“asafather”可知,后来,作者也有了自己的孩子17.A.raiseB.believeC.helpD.encourage解析选A 作者有了自己的孩子,父亲告诉他在他看来,他应该如何去教养他们18.A.opinionB.decisionC.concernD.hope解析选B 根据本空前的“backaway”可知,父亲又退后一步说,如何教养他们是作者自己的事19.A.untilB.thoughC.becauseD.before解析选D 根据上句作者的角色判断,在父亲去世之前,作者已经做了丈夫、父亲、伯伯和爷爷20.A.requestedB.taughtC.forcedD.caused解析选B 根据上文父亲养育作者的过程和方式可知,父亲教会了他如何去做一个像他那样优秀的人。