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Unit3puters***阅读理解Whenitsfiveoclock,peopleleavetheiroffice.Thelengthoftheworkday,formanyworkers,isdefinedbytime.Theyleavewhentheclocktellsthemtheyredone.Thesedays,thetimeiseverywhere notjustonclocksorwatches,butoncellphonesandputers.Thatmaybeabadthing,particularlyatwork.Newresearchshowsthatclockbasedworkscheduleshindermorale士气andcreativity.Clocktimersorganizetheirdaybyblocksofminutesandhours.Forexample ameetingfrom9a.m.to10a.m.,researchfrom10a.m.tonoon,etc.Ontheotherhand,tasktimershavealistofthingstheywanttoacplish.Theyworkdownthelist;eachtaskstartswhentheprevioustaskispleted.Itissaidthatallofusemployamixofboththesetypesofplanning.What,then,aretheeffectsofthinkingabouttimeinthesedifferentways?Doesonemakeusmoreproductive?Betteratthetasksathand?HappierInexperimentsconductedbyTamarAvnetandAnneLaureSellier,theyhadparticipantsorganizedifferentactivities—fromprojectplanning,holidayshopping,toyoga—bytimeortodolisttomeasurehowtheyperformedunder“clocktime”vs.“tasktime”.Theyfoundclocktimerstobemoreefficientbutlesshappybecausetheyfeltlittlecontrolovertheirlives.Tasktimersarehappierandmorecreative,butlessproductive.Theytendtoenjoythemomentwhensomethinggoodishappening,andseizeopportunitiesthateup.Theresearchersarguethattaskbasedorganizingtendstobeundervaluedandundersupportedinbusinessculture.Smartpanies,theybelieve,willtrytobakemoretaskbasedplanningintotheirstrategies.Thismightbeasmallchangetothewayweviewworkandtheoffice,buttheresearchersarguethatitchallengesawidespreadcharacteristicoftheeconomy workorganizedbyclocktime.Whilemostpeoplewillstillprobablyneed,andbe,tosomeextent,clocktimers,taskbasedtimingshouldbeusedwhentheyareperformingajobthatrequiresmorecreativity.Itllmakethosetaskseasier,andthetaskdoerswillbehappier.1.WhatisthewaypeopleoftendotheirworkaccordingtotheauthorA.Theygiveprioritytothemosturgenttaskonhand.B.Theysetatimelimitforeachspecifictask.C.Theybineclockbasedandtaskbasedplanning.D.Theyacplishtheirtasksonebyone.2.WhatdidtheresearchersfindintheirexperimentsonclocktimersA.Theytendtobemoreproductive.B.Theyseizeopportunitiesastheyeup.C.Theyalwaysgettheirworkdoneintime.D.Theyhavemorecontrolovertheirlives.3.WhatistheresearchersopinionabouttodaysbusinesscultureA.Itdoesnotsupportthestrategiesadoptedbysmartpanies.B.Itattachesmoreimportancetoworkefficiencythantoworkerslives.C.Itaimstobringemployeespotentialandcreativityintofullplay.D.Itdoesnotlayenoughemphasisontaskbasedpractice.4.Fromthepassage,wecanconcludethat________.A.itisimportanttokeepabalancebetweenworkandlifeB.taskbasedtimingispreferredfordoingcreativeworkC.performingcreativejobstendstomakeworkershappierD.ascientificstandardshouldbeadoptedinjobevaluation【解题导语】本文是一篇对时钟型和任务型两种工作方式的研究报告【难句分析】Whilemostpeoplewillstillprobablyneed,andbe,tosomeextent,clocktimers,taskbasedtimingshouldbeusedwhentheyareperformingajobthatrequiresmorecreativity.分析本句中While引导让步状语从句,意思是“虽然”,相当于although;whentheyareperformingajob是when引导的时间状语从句;thatrequiresmorecreativity是一个定语从句,先行词是ajob译文虽然大多数人仍然很可能在某种程度上需要或者成为时钟计时型的人,但是他们在做需要更多创造力的工作时还是应当使用任务型的时间安排1.C 考查细节理解根据第三段中的“Itissaidthatallofusemployamixofboththesetypesofplanning”可知,人们采用了这两种方式的复合型工作方式,因此选项C“他们把时钟型和任务型的计划结合起来”是正确的选项A、B和D的信息在文中无处可寻,所以都是错误的givepriorityto...意为“给……以优先考虑”;onhand意为“在手边”;setatimelimitfor...意为“给……设定时限”2.A 考查细节理解根据第四段中的“Theyfoundclocktimerstobemoreefficientbutlesshappybecausetheyfeltlittlecontrolovertheirlives.Tasktimersarehappierandmorecreative,butlessproductive”可知,采用时钟计时型工作方式的人效率更高,采用任务计时型工作方式的人更开心,但是效率较低所以选A3.D 考查推理判断根据第五段首句“Theresearchersarguethattaskbasedorganizingtendstobeundervaluedandundersupportedinbusinessculture”可知,研究人员认为任务型的工作方式在商业文化中往往被低估并且缺乏支持故选项D“它商业文化没有充分强调任务型的实践”正确4.B 考查推理判断根据末段中的“taskbasedtimingshouldbeusedwhentheyareperformingajobthatrequiresmorecreativity”可知,在做需要更多创造力的工作时还是应当使用任务型的工作方式故选B项根据第四段中的“Tasktimersarehappierandmorecreativebutlessproductive”和末段的末句“Itllmakethosetaskseasierandthetaskdoerswillbehappier”可知,文中讲述的是采用任务计时型工作方式的人更开心,且更有创造力,但并不意味着做有创造力的工作会让人们更开心,所以选项C是错误的;选项A和D的内容在文中没有提及,是主观臆断,因此也是错误的***语法填空Allofushavereadthrillingstories.Inmanyof__1__theytheherohadonlya__2__limitandspecifiedtimetolive.Sometimesitwasaslongasayear;sometimesasshortastwentyfourhours__3__wewerealwaysinterestedin__4__discoverjusthowthedyingmanchosetospendhislastdaysorhislasthours.Suchstoriessetupthinkingwondering__5__weshoulddoundersimilarcircumstances.What__6__happyshouldwefindinreviewingthepastandwhatregretsSometimesIhavethoughtitwouldbeanexcellentruletoliveeachday__7__ifweshoulddietomorrow.Suchanattitudewouldstress__8__sharpthevaluesoflife.Ihaveoftenthoughtitwouldbeablessingifeachhumanbeing__9__bestrickenblindanddeafforafewdaysatsometimeduringhisearlyadultlife.Darknesswouldmakehim__10__muchappreciativeofsight;silencewouldteachhimthejoysofsound.1.________
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10.________篇章导读本文是一篇议论文,主要描述了作者对生活的感悟,即努力过好每一天,珍惜眼下的生活1.them 考查代词介词of后接人称代词的宾格形式they的宾格为them2.limited 考查词性转换此处limited和specified是并列关系,一起修饰time,所以填limit的形容词形式limited3.but 考查连词句意有时长达一年,有时短到24小时,但是我们总是对发现垂死的人选择如何度过最后的时光或最后的几个小时感兴趣根据语境可知,此处应用but表示转折4.discovering 考查非谓语动词固定搭配beinterestedin后接名词或动名词作宾语故填discovering5.what 考查宾语从句的连接词动词wonder后的宾语从句中缺少动词do的宾语,所以用连接词what引导6.happiness 考查词性转换感叹句中,what修饰名词,happy的名词形式为happiness7.as 考查固定搭配句意有时我想,把每天都当作生命的最后一天来度过也不失为一个很好的生命法则asif是固定搭配,意为“似乎,好像”,符合语境8.sharply 考查词性转换此处应用副词修饰动词stress故填sharply,意为“大幅度地”9.were 考查虚拟语气句意我常常想,如果每个人在他成年的早期有一段时间处于眼盲、耳聋的状态,那会是一种幸事根据句意可知,本句为虚拟语气根据主句中的谓语动词“wouldbe”可知,if从句中的谓语动词应用一般过去时,be动词一律用were10.more 考查形容词的比较级appreciative是多音节形容词,本句表示“黑暗让他更加感激光明”,应用形容词的比较级形式,故填more***完形填空阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可能填入空白处的最佳选项2018·太原市高三年级模拟试题Iwasashykid.Nothingseemedharderthantalkingtopeople.IdidntevenliketoanswerthephoneforfearthatIdhavetotalktosomebodyIdidntknow.__1__,atschoolIhadtospendalldayinthepanyofothers.My__2__wasstudying.ItwassomethingIcoulddo__3__andbymyself.Ispentalotoftimestudyingandwas__4__withgoodgrades.EventuallyIwenttocollege.Icametorealizethatsomepeoplewereratherfunto__5__with.Yetmychildhood__6__carriedoverandIfoundmyselftonguetiedand__7__wheneverIfoundmyselfinaconversation.Onedaywhileoncampus,I__8__anadvertisementforapositiononthelocalclassicalmusic__9__station.Ihadgrownuplisteningtoclassicalmusic,andIlovedit.Inordertogetthejob,applicantsneededtobeinterviewed.Ihadabsolutelynobackgroundinradio,andtheideaoftalkingtothousandsoflisteners__10__me.Ididntreallywantthejob.IjustwantedtoprovethatIcouldtalktoan__11__.Twoweeks__12__,IwasevenmoreterrifiedtodiscoverthatIhadactuallylandedthejob.Itwasa__13__job,butIgrewtoenjoyit.Iannouncedmusictothousandsof__14__inthecity,sometimesansweringtheircallsand__15__totheirrequests.Ibegantofeelfortabletalkingtothesepeople,thesestrangerswhoIcouldnteven__16__.AlthoughInowspendmuchtimetalkingwithpeople,Imstillbasicallya__17__person.Myformershynessisagift,asIcan__18__peoplewhofeeldisfortwhentheytalktostrangers.Istillenjoymomentsofbeing__19__.ButImalsogladIdecidedtomakea__20__inmylifethathadopenedmanydoorsandopportunitiesthatIneverknewexisted.1.A.HoweverB.ThereforeC.OtherwiseD.Besides2.A.adviceB.practiceC.taskD.escape3.A.obviouslyB.simplyC.quietlyD.poorly4.A.filledB.rewardedC.decoratedD.faced5.A.helpoutB.catchupC.putupD.hangout6.A.happinessB.shynessC.kindnessD.goodness7.A.excitedB.astonishedC.embarrassedD.interested8.A.noticedB.postedC.realizedD.believed9.A.fireB.gasC.TVD.radio10.A.terrifiedB.pleasedC.satisfiedD.amazed11.A.childB.singerC.interviewerD.applicant12.A.agoB.laterC.beforeD.since13.A.wellpaidB.puzzlingC.fortableD.challenging14.A.listenersB.followersC.viewersD.dancers15.A.referringB.respondingC.offeringD.paring16.A.feelB.moveC.hearD.see17.A.busyB.warmC.quietD.smart18.A.lookintoB.relatetoC.binewithD.worrywith19.A.aloneB.aliveC.activeD.awake20.A.planB.mistakeC.changeD.dream【解题导语】该文主要讲述了害羞的作者通过应聘电台工作而实现自我突破的故事1.A 根据上下文可知,此处表示逻辑上的转折关系然而,作者在学校里不得不和同学们相处2.D 根据上文的“Iwasashykid”可推知,害羞的作者在学校用学习来逃避与人交流3.C 与语境“bymyself”呼应可推知,作者一个人安安静静地做功课4.B 与语境“withgoodgrades”呼应可推知,作者在学习上的付出得到了丰厚的回报,成绩突出5.D 由“Eventually”的提示可推知,作者最终意识到了和朋友相处是有趣的hangout“常去某处”6.B 根据上文的“Iwasashykid”并结合“Ifoundmyselftonguetied”可推知,作者童年时代的害羞个性还存在7.C 根据“Ifoundmyselftonguetied”可推知,和他人交流时沟通不顺畅是令人尴尬的8.A 根据语境可知,作者在校园里注意到了一则让他感兴趣的广告9.D 根据下文的“Ihadabsolutelynobackgroundinradio”可推知,这是一则电台的招募广告10.A 根据“Ihadabsolutelynobackgroundinradio”并结合下文的“Ididntreallywantthejob”可推知,作者因自己没有广播方面的背景而打退堂鼓,与下文的“IwasevenmoreterrifiedtodiscoverthatIhadactuallylandedthejob”呼应11.C 作者害怕与成千上万的听众交流,只想证明自己能够和面试官交谈12.B 根据语境可推知,时间已经过去了两周13.D 根据上文可知,这项工作需要与成千上万的听众交流,这对作者来说有一定的挑战性,且与语境“butIgrewtoenjoyit”形成呼应14.A 与上文的“andtheideaoftalkingtothousandsoflisteners__10__me”呼应可推知,此处表示作者给听众播放音乐15.B 与语境“answeringtheircalls”呼应可推知,作者回应听众的要求16.D 根据上文可知,作者应聘的是电台工作,和听众们基本上是不见面的17.C 根据“still”的提示并结合上文的“Iwasashykid”可推知,作者尽管现在花费很多时间和人们交流,但是本质上还是一个不多说话的人,与下文的“Myformershynessisagift”呼应18.B 结合“Myformershynessisagift”可推知,作者能够理解那些和他相同的人relateto“理解,认同”19.A 根据上文的“Myformershynessisagift”可推知,作者仍旧喜欢独处20.C 根据语境可推知,作者通过做电台工作有了重大改变,从而人生有了更多的可能性***短文改错ThanksforyourconcerninyourletteraboutthesmogwhichfrequentstrikessomeareasofChina.Imalsoveryworryingaboutsuchaterribleweather.Ithasbroughtmuchinconvenienceorratherharmtopeopleshealthsuchasroadaccidentbadcoughsandevenlungcancersandsoon.Itisknowntoallgoodenvironmentesfromcarefulprotection.Butweshoulddowhatwecanprotectit.Ibelieveasmallstepcanmakeadifferent.Trytodrivelessandchooseairfriendlyproducts.Onlywheneveryonehadtheenvironmentalawarenesscanwehaveabluesky.Hopetohearfromyouandsharemygoodideas.答案ThanksforyourconcerninyourletteraboutthesmogwhichstrikessomeareasofChina.Imalsoveryaboutsucheq\o\s\do14
③terribleweather.Ithasbroughtmuchinconvenienceorratherharmtopeopleshealthsuchasroad,badcoughsandevenlungcancersandsoon.isknowntoallgoodenvironmentesfromcarefulprotection.weshoulddowhatwecanprotectit.Ibelieveasmallstepcanmakea.Trytodrivelessandchooseairfriendlyproducts.Onlywheneveryonetheenvironmentalawarenesscanwehaveabluesky.Hopetohearfromyouandsharegoodideas.难项分析第三处去掉a 考查冠词weather是不可数名词,不能和不定冠词搭配故去掉a第七处protect前加to 考查非谓语动词句意所以我们应该尽我们所能去保护它此处用动词不定式作目的状语故在protect前加to第八处different→difference 考查固定搭配makeadifference为固定搭配,意为“有影响,起作用”***。