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2019版高考英语阅读理解一轮提升选练
(22)ADoctorsinhospitalemergencyroomsoftenseeaccidentalpoisonings.Afrightenedparentarriveswithachildwhoswallowedacleaningliquid.Orperhapstheharmfulsubstanceisamedicine.Oritmightbeachemicalproductmeanttokillinsects.Thesearemoncausesofaccidentalpoisoning.Incaseslikethisseekmedicalhelpassoonaspossible.Savethecontainerofwhatevercausedthepoisoning.Andlookonthecontainerforinformationaboutanythingthatstopstheeffectsofthepoison.Saveanythingexpelledfromthemouthofthevictim.Thatwaydoctorscanexamineit.Millionsofpeopleknowawaytosaveapersonwhoischokingonsomethingtrappedinthethroat.ThemethodismonlyknownastheHeimlichManeuverorabdominalthrusts腹部按压whichyoucandobygettingdirectlybehindasittingorstandingperson.Putyourarmsaroundthevictim’swaist.Closeonehandtoformaball.Placeitovertheupperpartofthestomachbelowtheribs.Placetheotherhandontop.Thenpushforcefullyinwardandupward.Repeattheabdominalthrustsuntiltheobjectisexpelledfromthemouth.Forsomeonewhoispregnantorveryfatplaceyourhandsalittlehigherthanwithnormalabdominalthrusts.RedCrossexpertssaytakingthesestepscansavemanylives.Buttheyalsowarnthatabdominalthrustsarenotforpeoplewhohavealmostdrowned.Theysayuseofthemethodcoulddelayotherwaystore-startbreathinginthevictim.Abdominalthrustsshouldbeusedonlyincaseswhereanear-drowningvictimischokingonanobject.TolearnmoreaboutfirstaidaskahospitalororganizationlikeaRedCrossorRedCrescentSocietyforinformation.Theremaybetrainingclassesofferedinyourarea.
1.AccordingtothefirstparagraphwhichofthefollowingisNOTthemoncauseofaccidentalpoisoningsA.AharmfulmedicineB.AcleaningliquidC.PoisonousinsectsD.Dangerouspesticide杀虫剂
2.Theunderlinedword“expelled”inparagraph2canbereplacedby“_________”.A.ingoutB.takingupC.goingawayD.gettingdown
3.WhyabdominalthrustsarenotforpeoplewhohavealmostdrownedA.BecausepeopleareunwillingtoattemptrescueeffortsB.BecauseitishardtoperformC.BecauseitisnoneedtodosoD.Becauseitcouldholdupotherwaystore-startbreathinginthevictim
4.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthistextA.TopromotemedicalresearchB.TosharesomeknowledgeaboutfirstaidC.ToshowhowtoperformabdominalthrustsC.Tohelppeopledealwithaccidentalpoisoning【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了意外中毒的主要原因及急救方法
1.C【解析】细节理解题根据第一段的介绍可知,有害的药物、清洁剂及杀虫剂都是意外中毒的主要原因,而没有提到有毒的昆虫
3.D【解析】细节理解题根据倒数第二段中的“Theysayuseofthemethodcoulddelayotherwaystore-startbreathinginthevictim.”可知,腹部按压不适合溺水者是因为它会延迟受害者以其他的方式重新开始呼吸
4.B【解析】文章意图题根据最后一段中的“TolearnmoreaboutfirstaidaskahospitalororganizationlikeaRedCrossorRedCrescentSocietyforinformation.”可知,这篇文章的目的是促进关于急救常识的医学研究B2015·呼和浩特调研Wedon’talwaysgetasecondchancetoachieveourdreams.Butsomepeoplearelucky,likeMatthewMcConaughey.Oncealmostunknown,theactorhasrecentlyfoundhimselfbackonthelistofthebestactorsinHollywood.HisnewmovieInterstellarisjustanothersignthathiscareerreinventionhasbeenanincrediblesuccess.“ThefilmreliesonMcConaughey’sperformancetoholdtogethertheemotionalstoryofafatherandhisdaughteragainstthebackgroundofspacetravelattheendoftheworld,”Forbesmented.Butonlyyearsago,theTexasnativewasoftenthebuttofjokes笑柄aboutbeingtoohandsome.In1993,aftermeetingwithdirectorRichardLinklater,McConaugheystarredinDazedandConfused.AndaHollywoodcareerwasborn,mostlyinromanticedies.Foralongtime,thewholeworldbelievedMcConaugheywasjustahandsomeguywithictalent.ButMcConaugheystoppedstarringinthattypeofmovie,andbegantousehislooksdifferently.Slowlyhebuiltuphisreputationasaseriousactor.In2013,McConaugheywasofferedtoplayanAIDSactivistinDallasBuyersClub.Therolesawthenormallymuscularactorlosing50poundsinordertoappearsick.HisperformancewonhimanOscarforBestActor.TheactorgavethankstosomeonehehasalwayslookeduptoasaheroduringhisOscaracceptancespeech.Whenhewas15,theactorsaid,hedecidedthathisherowouldbehimselfin10years.But10yearslater,hepushedthedeadlineaheadanotherdecade.Then10yearslater,anotherdecade.“Myhero’salways10yearsaway,”hesaid.“I’mnevergoingtoattainthat.Thatkeepsmewithsomebodytokeeponchasing.”Orperhapsconstantlychasingthechancetobehisownherohasgivenhimasecondchancetopursuehisdreams.【解题导语】 本文是一篇人物介绍,主要讲述了演员McConaughey因不满足自己所取得的成绩,不断挑战自我,努力向前,最终成为闻名好莱坞的著名演员,成就了自己梦想的故事1.WhywasMcConaugheyoftenthebuttofjokesinhisearlycareerA.Hewaslimitedtohandsomeroles.B.Hewasunknowntotheaudience.C.Heplayedinromanticedies.D.Hewashandsomeandemotional.解析选A细节理解题根据第二段中的“theTexasnativewasoftenthebuttofjokes笑柄aboutbeingtoohandsome...thewholeworldbelievedMcConaugheywasjustahandsomeguywithictalent”可知,因长相帅气而局限于他扮演的潇洒帅气的角色而被当作笑柄故A项正确2.WhatrolewonMcConaugheyanOscarforBestActorA.Acaringfather.B.AnAIDSactivist.C.Aseriousbuyer.D.Astronghero.解析选B细节理解题根据第三段中的“In2013,McConaugheywasofferedtoplayanAIDSactivist...HisperformancewonhimanOscarforBestActor.”可知,B项正确3.WhatcanwelearnaboutMcConaugheyA.HewasborninHollywood.B.Hehasbeeaheroofhisown.C.Hewasn’tfamousuntilrecently.D.Heisn’tcontentwithhisachievements.解析选D推理判断题根据最后一段中的“hedecidedthathisherowouldbehimselfin10years...Then10yearslater,anotherdecade.”可排除B项;根据第一段中的“Oncealmostunknown,theactorhasrecentlyfoundhimselfbackonthelistofthebestactorsinHollywood.”可知,他曾经出名过,排除C项;根据最后一段中的“I’mnevergoingtoattainthat.Thatkeepsmewithsomebodytokeeponchasing.”可知由于不满足于现状,他不断追逐梦想;选项A全文并未涉及故D项正确4.WhichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleA.McConaughey,aRomanticedianB.McConaughey,aManMakingaHitC.McConaughey,aManDaringtoChangeD.McConaughey,HandsomeandTalented解析选C标题归纳题纵观全文可知,文章主要讲述了著名演员McConaughey永不满足于现状,不断挑战自我的事情故C项正确CTodayultrasonic超声的wavesarebeingputtoworkinlaboratoriesandfactories.Ifanultrasoundgeneratorisplacedinaliquidthewavesmovetheliquidbackandforthhundredsofthousandsoftimeseachsecond.Thiscausesmaterialstomixquicklyortodissolve使分解,使溶解inliquids.Paintmanufacturers制造商useultrasoundtodoabetterjobofblendingcolors.Thepaniesthatmakefilmforyourcamerafindthatmixingchemicalsbytheuseofsoundwaveswillproduceamoresensitivefilm.Thenewlightweight轻量的typeofwashingmachineusesultrasonicwavestogetclothesclean.Itsspecialultrasoundgeneratorisputintoapailofsoapywatercontainingthesoiledclothes.Thesoundwavesdrivethesoapywaterbackandforththroughtheclothsofastthateverythingissoonclean.Thereisalsoanewkindofdishwasherthatworksinmuchthesameway.Ultrasonicwavescanshakealiquidsofastthattinyholesformallthroughit.Theliquidisactuallytornapartbythisaction.Almostassoonastheseholesaremadetheyfalltogetheragain.Theresultisapowerfulpoundingaction.Inthedairyindustrythisisusedforthedoublepurposeofmakinghomogenized使均匀,使匀质milkandsterilizing使无菌itatthesametime.Ifyoulookatsomerawmilkwithamicroscopeyoufindthatitismadeupoflittledropsofbutterfatfloatingaroundinawateryliquid.Inordertomakemilkeasiertodigestthesefatdroplets微粒maybebrokenupbyforcingthemilkthroughverysmallopenings.Theresultiscalledhomogenizedmilk.Whentheultrasonicmethodisusedthesoundwavesnotonlybreakupthedropletsbutalsokillthegermsinthemilkbypoundingthemtopieces.from.nmet
168.
1.WhydoesapaintmanufactureruseultrasoundtodoabetterjobofblendingcolorsA.Becauseitischeaptouseultrasoundtoblendcolors.B.Becausethewavesmovetheliquidsoquicklythatitcanmakematerialsmixquicklyordissolveinliquids.C.Becausetheycanmixchemicalsbytheuseofsoundwaves.D.Becausethewavescancleanthepaint.
2.WhatpropertiesdoesultrasoundwavehaveA.Homogenizesandsterilizesthemilk.B.Mixmaterialsandbreakdroplets.C.Killgermsandsterilizemilk.D.Moveliquidsquickly.
3.WhatexistsintherawmilkA.Littledropsofbutterfat.B.Smallholes.C.Fatdropletsandgerms.D.Chemicals.
4.WhereisultrasoundwavenotusedA.Inthepaintmanufacture.B.Intheshopmixingbreadflour.C.Inthefilm-makingpany.D.Inthedairyindustry.
1.B事实细节题根据其上句Thiscausesmaterialstomixquicklyortodissolve使分解,使溶解inliquids可知,答案选B
2.D事实细节题根据文章最后一段的第1句Ultrasonicwavescanshakealiquidsofastthattinyholesformallthroughit可知,答案选D
3.C事实细节题根据文章最后一段的内容,特别是最后一句Whentheultrasonicmethodisusedthesoundwavesnotonlybreakupthedropletsbutalsokillthegermsinthemilkbypoundingthemtopieces可知,答案选C
4.B推理判断题根据文章第1段最后提到的Paintmanufacturers制造商…以及Thepaniesthatmakefilm…两句排除选项A、C,根据第3段第5句的Inthedairyindustrythisisusedfor…排除选项D,从而得出答案是BD2015·银川质量检测InSeptemberof2013,residentsofBexarCountycelebratedtheopeningoftheBiblioTechLibrary.ItisoneofthefirstlibrariesinAmericatogopletelydigitalandperhapsitwillleadthewayforotherstofollow.Tocheckoutabookinthisdigitallibrary,userslinktheirlibrarycardtothe3MCloudLibraryApp.Thentheycanlookthroughthelibrarycatalogueandcheckoutatotaloffivebooksatanygiventime.Whenthebooksaredue,theyareautomaticallyremovedfromtheereader.BiblioTechoffersfreetablets,laptopsandputerswhichcanbeusedwithinthelibrary.Italsooffersstudyroomsandloungeareaswherepeoplecanworktogetherandotherlibrariesarealsoinonthetrend.Despitethemovetowardsdigital,theBiblioTechLibraryiscurrentlytheonlydigitallibraryinthenation.However,thebooklesslibraryhasbeenattemptedbefore.Sadly,thischangeprovedtobefartooaheadofitstime.Withinafewyears,thelibrarybeganprovidingmaterialsalongwiththedigitalmaterialsduetorequestsfromthelibrarymembers.Librariesareinthemiddleofagreatchange.Justadecadeago,themainfocuswastolendmaterialstothepublic,butrecentlytheyhavebeenplacingmoreemphasisonprogramstohelpandeducatethemunity.Alibraryisnolongersimplyaplacetocheckoutbooks.Digitallibrariesarethefuture.Inthenext100yearsorso,booksinprintmaybepletelyreplacedbytheirdigitalpetitors.Whilethesecanbemoreconvenientforlibrariesandlibrarymembers,Iamstillgoingtobefondofbooksinprint.Iwillmissthesmellofthepaper,becausethosearethingsIgrewtoloveaboutreadings.【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文2013年9月,美国Bexar县的居民庆祝第一家Biblio科技图书馆的成立文章通过Biblio科技图书馆成立这件事,向我们介绍了与传统图书馆相比,电子图书馆的优势及未来图书馆的发展方向1.WhatdoesParagraph1mainlytalkaboutA.TheopeningoftheBiblioTechLibrary.B.TheimprovementoftheBiblioTechLibrary.C.TheimportanceoftheBiblioTechLibrary.D.TheintroductionoftheBiblioTechLibrary.解析选D段落大意题通读第一段可知,本段主要通过Biblio科技图书馆成立这件事,向读者介绍了一种新型的电子图书馆及这种图书馆的使用方法故答案选D2.WhatcanbeinferredaboutlibrariesfromthetextA.Thefunctionexpands.B.Theineincreases.C.Thedevelopmentslowsdown.D.Thebusinessdeclines.解析选A推理判断题根据第三段“Librariesareinthemiddleofagreatchange...Alibraryisnolongersimplyaplacetocheckoutbooks.”可推知,图书馆的功能增加了故答案选A3.Thewriterseemstobeapersonwho________.A.iscrazyaboutereadersB.worksinalibraryC.missestheolddaysD.ishopelessaboutthefuture解析选C细节理解题根据最后一段最后两句“...Iamstillgoingtobefondofbooksinprint.Iwillmissthesmellofthepaper,becausethosearethingsIgrewtoloveaboutreadings.”可知,作者仍喜欢阅读纸质图书,会怀念纸质图书的味道,也正是因为它们作者才爱上了阅读由此可知,作者是个怀旧的人故答案选CEChildrenhavetheirownrulesinplayinggames.Theyseldomneedareferee裁判andseldomtroubletokeepscores.Theydon’tcaremuchaboutwhowinsorlosesanditdoesn’tseemtoworrythemifthegameisnotfinished.Yettheylikegamesthatdependalotonlucksothattheirpersonalabilitiescannotbedirectlypared.Theyalsoenjoygamesthatmoveinstagesinwhicheachstagethechoosingofleadersthepicking-upofsidesorthedeterminingofwhichsideshallstartisalmostagameinitself.Grown-upscanhardlyfindchildren’sgamesexcitingandtheyoftenfeelpuzzledatwhytheirkidsplaysuchsimplegamesagainandagain.Howeveritisfoundthatachildplaysgamesforveryimportantreasons.Hecanbeagoodplayerwithouthavingtothinkwhetherheisapopularpersonandhecanfindhimselfbeingausefulpartnertosomeoneofwhomheisordinarilyafraid.Hebeesaleaderwhenitestohisturn.Hecanbeconfidenttooinparticulargamesthatitishisplacetogiveorderstopretendtobedeadtothrowaballactuallyatsomeoneortokisssomeonehehascaught.Itappearstousthatwhenchildrenplayagametheyimagineasituationundertheircontrol.Everyoneknowstherulesandmoreimportantlyeveryoneplaysaccordingtotherules.Thoserulesmaybechildishbuttheymakesurethateverychildhasachancetowin.
1.WhatisTRUEaboutchildrenwhentheyplaygamesA.Theycanstopplayinganytimetheylike.B.Theycantesttheirpersonalabilities.C.Theywanttopickabetterteam.D.Theydon’tneedrules.答案:A解析:由第一段中的“Theydon’tcaremuchaboutwhowinsorlosesanditdoesn’tseemtoworrythemifthegameisnotfinished.”可知孩子们对游戏的结果以及是否结束并不在意说明孩子们玩的游戏随时都可中止
2.Tobeealeaderinagamethechildhasto . A.playwellB.waitforhisturnC.beconfidentinhimselfD.bepopularamonghisplaymates答案:B解析:由第二段中的“Hebeesaleaderwhenitestohisturn.”可推知孩子们在做游戏时轮流当领导者
3.Whatdoweknowaboutgrown-upsA.Theyarenotinterestedingames.B.Theyfindchildren’sgamestooeasy.C.Theydon’tneedareasontoplaygames.D.Theydon’tunderstandchildren’sgames.答案:B解析:由第二段开头可知答案
4.WhydoesachildlikeplayinggamesA.Becausehecanbesomeoneotherthanhimself.B.Becausehecanbeepopularamongfriends.C.Becausehefindsheisalwaysluckyingames.D.Becausehelikestheplacewhereheplaysagame.答案:A解析:由第二段可知孩子们喜欢做游戏的原因是:在游戏中他可以变成另外一个人。