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2019版高考英语阅读理解一轮提升选练
(3)AThestoryofSirNicholasWintonistheonethatyouwouldimaginecouldonlyhappenonthesilverscreen.SirNicholasWintonwasaBritishmanwhowenttoheroiceffortspotentiallyputtinghimselfatriskduringWorldWarII.SirWintonwasresponsibleforensuringthesafetyofsixhundredandsixty-nineJewishchildrenbyaidingtheirescapefromcountriesoccupiedbyNazis.FinallytheJewishchildrenwerebroughttoEnglandwhereheworkedtomakesurefamiliesinhisnativecountrywouldhelpthekidsbytakingthemintotheirhomes.RecentlythisunbelievablestoryhasagainbeenmakingtheroundsontheInternetparticularlyafterarerunoftheBBCshowcalled“That’sLife”whichfeaturedSirWinton.Peoplearoundtheworldweremovedatthedetailsofthestorywithsayingittobethebeststorythey’veeverseen.SirWintonkepthisentireplanpletelysecretevenhiswifehadnoideaabouthisplanninguntilfiftyyearslater.AfterthewaryearspassedandmanypeopleremainedinthedarkaboutSirWinton’sextraordinaryachievement.SomefiftyyearslaterhiswifeGretawassearchingintheirhouseanddiscoveredaWinton’snotebookwhichdocumentedthenamesofallthechildren.SheworkedwithBBCandtheyproducedaTVepisode插曲oftheirprogram“That’sLife”thatservedasanhonorforSirWinton’swork.In2003SirWintonwasknightedbytheQueenofEnglandforhiswork.HealsowasevennominatedforaNobelPeacePrize.HealsohadasmallplanetnamedafterhimbyCzechastronomers.SirWintondiedpeacefullyinhissleepattheoldageofonehundredandsixin
2015.Leadersaroundtheworldpaidtribute悼念.Israel’sambassadortotheUnitedKingdomDanielTaubsaid“Hewasaheroofourtimehavingsaved669JewishchildrenfromNazis.Hisstoryasapointoflightinaperiodofdarknesswillforeverberemembered.”
1.Whathappenedtothe669JewishchildrenA.TheywerekilledbyNazis.B.Theyreturnedtotheirownhomes.C.Theyfledtotheirnativecountries.D.TheywereraisedbyEnglishfamilies.
2.WhatmadeWinton’sstoryspreadwidelyA.People’schattingonline.B.Theprogram“That’sLife”.C.Hiswife’spromotion.D.Praisesfromsomeleaders.
3.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedexpression“remainedinthedark’inParagraph3A.feltdoubtfulB.remainedmovedC.knewnothingD.criticizedsomething
4.WhatdoweknowaboutWintonA.Hewasbornin
1909.B.Nazistriedtoarresthim.C.Henamedasmallplanet.D.Manychildrenpaidtributetohim.【文章大意】文章主要讲述SirNicholasWinton在纳粹期间帮助669个犹太孩子逃到英国的故事如今而且BBC把这一故事搬上荧幕,让大众知道在黑暗时期还有这样一个英雄给人们带来光明
1.D【解析】细节理解题根据文章第一段中的“FinallytheJewishchildrenwerebroughttoEnglandwhereheworkedtomakesurefamiliesinhisnativecountrywouldhelpthekidsbytakingthemintotheirhomes.”可知,669个犹太人孩子被带到了英国,并由英国家庭收养故选D
3.C【解析】词义猜测题根据前面的句意可知,SirNicholasWinton一直对自己的英雄事迹保密,甚至是他的妻子所以,此处应为不为人们所知道故选C
4.A【解析】细节理解题根据最后一段中“SirWintondiedpeacefullyinhissleepattheoldageofonehundredandsixin
2015.”可知,SirWinton生于1909年故选AB2015·江西九校联考Sleepinginaroomwithtoomuchlighthasbeenlinkedtoanincreasedriskofpilingonthepoundsastudyshows.AteamattheInstituteofCancerResearchinLondonfoundwomenhadlargerwaistlinesiftheirbedroomwas“lightenoughtoseeacross”atnight.Howevertheycautionthereisnotenoughevidencetoadvisepeopletobuythickercurtainsorturnofflights.Thewomenwereaskedtoratetheamountoflightintheirbedroomsatnightas Lightenoughtoread.Lightenoughtoseeacrosstheroombutnotread.Lightenoughtoseeyourhandinfrontofyoubutnotacrosstheroom.Toodarktoseeyourhandoryouwearamask.Prof.AnthonySwerdlowtoldtheBBC“Inthisverylargegroupofpeoplethereisanassociationbetweenreportedlightexposureatnightandoverweightandobesity.Butthereisnotsufficientevidencetoknowifmakingyourroomdarkerwouldmakeanydifferencetoyourweight.Theremightbeotherexplanationsfortheassociationbutthefindingsareintriguingenoughtoguaranteefurtherscientificinvestigation.”Thelightisdisruptingthebodyclockwhichstemsfromourevolutionarypastwhenwewereactivewhenitwaslightinthedayandrestingwhenitwasdarkatnight.Lightaltersmood,physicalstrengthandeventhewayweprocessfoodina24hourcycle.Artificiallightisknowntodisruptthebodyclockbydelayingtheproductionofthesleephormonemelatonin.Prof.DerkJanDijksaidtherewouldbenoharmintryingtomakebedroomsdarker.HetoldtheBBC“Peopleingeneralarenotawareofthelightpresentintheirbedroom.Ithinkpeopleshouldassesstheirbedroomandseehoweasyitwouldbetomakeitdarker.”Streetlightssomealarmclocksandstandbylightsonelectricalequipmentsuchastelevisionscouldlightaroomhesaid.“Overallthisstudypointstotheimportanceofdarkness,”heconcluded.1.Thepassagemainlytellsus________.A.brightbedroomslinktoobesityB.darkbedroomslinktoobesityC.peopleshouldturnofflightsD.peopleshouldbuythickercurtains2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“disrupting”inParagraph4meanA.Stopping.B.Disturbing.C.Improving.D.Recovering.3.WhatmightParagraph4beusedforA.Onepossibleexplanationondisruptingbodyclock.B.Onepossibleexplanationondisruptingmood.C.Onepossibleexplanationondisruptingphysicalstrength.D.Onepossibleexplanationonartificiallight.4.What’sProf.DerkJanDijk’sattitudetowardsthedarkroomA.Unclear.B.Doubtful.C.Negative.D.Favorable.【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文主要介绍了卧室里的亮度对人们健康的影响过于强烈的光线会影响人体的生物钟,影响人的情绪,还有可能使人肥胖1.解析选A主旨大意题第一段第一句点明了文章的主题,即有研究表明,在光线太强的房间里睡觉可能会导致体重增加故选A项2.解析选B词义猜测题根据第四段第一句中“Thelightisdisruptingthebodyclock”和第二句可知,本段主要讲述的是光线会干扰生物钟,会改变情绪、体力、甚至人体处理食物的方式,由此可推知,画线单词意为“干扰”,与B项disturbing意义接近故选B项3.解析选A篇章结构题根据第四段第一句“Thelightisdisruptingthebodyclock...”及最后一句中的“Artificiallightisknowntodisruptthebodyclock”可知,本段主要解释了光线会干扰人体生物钟的可能原因故选A项4.解析选D观点态度题根据最后一段第一句中“therewouldbenoharmintryingtomakebedroomsdarker”及最后一句可以看出,DerkJanDijk教授赞成将卧室的亮度调暗故选D项CIntheUnitedStatesalone,over100millioncellphonesarethrownawayeachyear.Cellphonesarepartofagrowingmountainofelectronicwastelikeputersandpersonaldigitalassistants.Theelectronicwastestreamisincreasingthreetimesfasterthantraditionalgarbageasawhole.Electronicdevicescontainvaluablemetalssuchasgoldandsilver.ASwissstudyreportedthatwhiletheweightofelectronicgoodsrepresentedbypreciousmetalswasrelativelysmallinparisontototalwaste,theconcentration含量ofgoldandotherpreciousmetalswashigherinsocalledewastethaninnaturallyoccurringminerals.Electronicwastesalsocontainmanypoisonousmetals.Evenwhenthemachinesarerecycledandtheharmfulmetalsremoved,therecyclingprocessofteniscarriedoutinpoorcountries,inpracticallyuncontrolledwayswhichallowmanypoisonoussubstancestoescapeintotheenvironment.Creatingproductsoutofrawmaterialscreatesmuchmorewastematerial,upto100timesmore,thanthematerialcontainedinthefinishedproducts.Consideragainthecellphone,andimaginetheminesthatproducedthosemetals,thefactoriesneededtomaketheboxandpackaging包装itcamein.Manywastesproducedintheproducingprocessareharmfulaswell.TheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencynotesthatmostwasteisdangerousinthat“theproduction,distribution,anduseofproducts—aswellasmanagementoftheresultingwaste—allresultingreenhousegasrelease.”Individualscanreducetheircontributionbycreatinglesswasteatthestart—forinstance,buyingreusableproductsandrecycling.Inmanycountriestheconceptofextendedproducerresponsibilityisbeingconsideredorhasbeenputinplaceasanincentive动机forreducingwaste.Ifproducersarerequiredtotakebackpackagingtheyusetoselltheirproducts,wouldtheyreducethepackaginginthefirstplaceGovernmentsincentivetorequireproducerstotakeresponsibilityforthepackagingtheyproduceisusuallybasedonmoney.Why,theyask,shouldcitiesortownsberesponsibleforpayingtodealwiththebubblewrap气泡垫thatencasedyourtelevisionFromthegovernmentspointofview,aprimarygoaloflawsrequiringextendedproducerresponsibilityistotransferboththecostsandthephysicalresponsibilityofwastemanagementfromthegovernmentandtaxpayersbacktotheproducers.文章大意文章主要讲述了电子垃圾的产生、危害以及相关解决措施1.BymentioningtheSwissstudy,theauthorintendstotellusthat________.A.theweightofegoodsisrathersmallB.ewastedeservestobemadegooduseofC.naturalmineralscontainmorepreciousmetalsD.thepercentageofpreciousmetalsisheavyinewaste答案B 推断判断题结合第二段第一句“Electronicdevicescontainvaluablemetalssuchasgoldandsilver.”可知,该段主要讲述电子设备中包含有很多贵重的金属;下文引用瑞士的研究进一步论证电子垃圾中的贵重金属含量比自然矿产中的高由此可知,作者提及瑞士的研究旨在告诉我们电子垃圾应该得到很好的利用故正确答案为B2.Theresponsibilityofewastetreatmentshouldbeextended________.A.fromproducerstogovernmentsB.fromgovernmentstoproducersC.fromindividualstodistributorsD.fromdistributorstogovernments答案B 细节理解题结合文章最后一句“...aprimarygoaloflawsrequiringextendedproducerresponsibilityistotransferboththecostsandthephysicalresponsibilityofwastemanagementfromthegovernmentandtaxpayersbacktotheproducers.”可知,电子垃圾的责任应该从政府延伸到生产者故正确答案为B3.WhatdoesthepassagemainlytalkaboutA.Theincreaseinewaste.B.Thecreationofewaste.C.Theseriousnessofewaste.D.Themanagementofewaste.答案D 主旨大意题本文从电子垃圾与日俱增这一现象出发,分析了电子垃圾治理的必要性,并对一些国家政府将电子垃圾治理的责任延伸到生产者这一考虑进行评述由此可知,本文通篇是围绕着电子垃圾治理这一话题展开的故正确答案为DD2015·陕西省质量检测二WhetheritiselementaryschoolmiddleschoolorhighschoolintheUnitedStatestherewillalwaysbeanawardsceremonyattheendoftheyear.Thoughitvariesfromschooltoschoolthereareafewthataregivenbymostschoolsacrossthenation.Thefirstoneisgivenfromgrades3to8anditistheHonorRollAward.Inelementaryandmiddleschoolthisawardisusedtorecognizeacademicexcellence.Thisawardisalsoseparatedintotwogroups:AHonorRollandA/BHonorRoll.Itisgivenoutattheendofaschoolyearandstudentswhoreceiveallaveragesofa93orabove90insomestatesonafinalreportcardreceiveanAHonorRollandstudentswithgradesabove8580insomestateswouldreceiveanA/BHonorRoll.ItistorewardstudentswhohaveworkedhardandreceivedallA’sorA’sandB’s.Inhighschoolthisischangedabitbutstillcanbeclassifiedasthesametypeofaward.Thedifferenceisthatinsteadofusingthescale等级of100theyuseagradepointaverageGPAbasedona4pointscale.TheyrecognizestudentswithahighGPAas“HonorStudents”.Ifthestudentskeepitupforallfouryearsofhighschoolthentheygraduatewithhonors.AnothernotableawardisthePresident’sAwardforEducationalExcellence.ThisisgivenbythePresident’sEducationAwardsProgrameachyeartostudentsallovertheUnitedStates.Thisawardisofferedtoelementaryschool,middleschoolandhighschoolstudents.Tobeeligible有资格的forthisawardmiddleschoolandelementaryschoolstudentsmustearnanaveragegradeof90oraboveona109pointscale.HighschoolstudentsmusthaveaGPAofatleast
3.
5.Studentsmustalsohaveahighscoreonastatewideornationalstandardizedtestorhavearemendationfromateacher.Usuallythisawardisgivenattheendoftheyear.Itisacertificatewithasignaturefromthepresidentalongwithaletterofrecognition.HowevermanypeopleconfusethePresident’sAwardforEducationalExcellencewithanotherawardtheUSPresidentialScholarsProgram.Eventhoughbothhavetheword“President”inthetitletheyarepletelydifferentawards.WherethePresident’sAwardforEducationalExcellenceisrelativelyeasytoachievetheawardfromthePresidentialScholarsProgramisnot.ToearnthehonorofbeingaPresidentialScholarastudentmustbeahighschoolseniorlastyearofhighschoolwithoutstandingstandardizedtestscores.1.IfinmostoftheschoolsintheUSastudentinGrade5wantstogetanAHonorRollhe/shemustgetallaveragesofan________.A.93B.85C.90D.802.Fromthepassageweknowthatthestudentswho________cangraduatewithhonors.A.keepupthegradesof100inhighschoolformorethanoneyearB.getaveragesof100inhighschoolforallfouryearsofhighschoolC.getahighGPAinhighschoolformorethanoneyearD.arerecognizedas“HonorStudents”forallfouryearsofhighschool3.IfhighschoolstudentsaretowinthePresident’sAwardforEducationalExcellencewhichofthefollowingstatementsshouldbeincludedA.Anaveragegradeof90oraboveona100pointscale.B.Aremendationfromateacher.C.AGPAofatleast
3.5inanationalstandardizedtest.D.Ahighschoolseniorwithoutstandingstandardizedtestscores.4.Thebesttitleforthispassagemaybe“________”.A.AwardsinelementaryandmiddleschoolsB.AwardsinschoolsoftheUnitedStatesC.HowhighschoolsrewardtheirstudentsD.It’seasytowinawardsinschools【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文主要介绍了美国学校设置的一些奖项以及获得这些奖项需要满足的条件1.解析选A细节理解题根据第二段第四句中的“andstudentswhoreceiveallaveragesofa93orabove90insomestates...receiveanAHonorRoll”可知,在美国大多数学校,想要获得AHonorRoll,平均分必须在93分或以上故答案选A2.解析选D细节理解题根据第三段最后两句可知,如果学生能连续四年获得“优秀学生”的称号,就能带着荣誉毕业故选D3.解析选B细节理解题根据第四段第
五、六句“HighschoolstudentsmusthaveaGPAofatleast
3.
5.Studentsmust...havearemendationfromateacher.”可知,B项为条件之一4.解析选B标题归纳题纵观全文可知,本文讲述的是美国学校设置的一些奖项以及获得这些奖项需要满足的条件B项能概括文章内容,适合做标题故选BEWehumansaresuperstitiousbelievingthatFridaythe13thisbadluckandfindingapennyisgoodluck.Herethenarethreeofthemostmonsuperstitions.CarefulwiththatmirrorAccordingtofolktalesbreakingamirrorissuretobringyourselfsevenyearsofbadluck.Thesuperstitionseemstoarisefromthebeliefthatmirrorsdontjustreflectyourimage;theyholdbitsofyoursoul.ThatbeliefledoldAmericanSouthernerstocovermirrorsinahousewhensomeonediedforfearthattheirsoulmightbetrappedinside.Likethenumberthreethenumbersevenisoftenassociatedwithluck.Sevenyearsisalongtimetobeunluckysopeoplehaveeupwithsolutionsafterbreakingamirror.Theseincludetouchingapieceofthebrokenmirrortoatombstoneorpowderingthebrokenmirror.KnockonwoodThisphraseisdesignedtobreakawayfrombadluck“Breakingthatmirrordidntbringmeanytrouble.Knockonwood.”ThephrasemayefromoldtalesaboutgoodspiritsintreesorfromanassociationwiththeChristiancross.Noumbrellasinside...Andnotjustbecauseyoullhurtsomeoneseyes.Openinganumbrellaindoorsissupposedtobringbadluck.TheoriginsofthisbeliefvaryfromastoryofanancientwomanwhohappenedtohaveopenedherumbrellamomentsbeforeherhousefelltothetaleofaBritishprincewhoacceptedtwoumbrellasfromavisitingkinganddiedwithinmonths.文章大意我们人类是非常迷信的生物,相信13号的星期五代表厄运,而捡到一分钱则代表将有好运这样的事例还有很多1.Whatmaybringgoodluck?__B__A.DatingonFridaythe13th.B.Knockingonwood.C.Openinganumbrellainside.D.Breakingamirror.解析细节理解题由第四段可知,Knockingonwood可以让人转好运2.Whatshouldyoudotodrivebadluckawayafterbreakingamirror?__D__A.Hidethepiecesforsevenyears.B.Putthepiecesinatombstone.C.Covertheothermirrorsinahouse.D.Makethepiecesintopowder.3.Whichphrasemayoriginate起源fromreligion?__B__A.Carefulwiththatmirror.B.Knockonwood.C.Noumbrellasinside.D.Luckynumberseven.解析推理判断题由第四段最后一句话“ThephrasemayefromoldtalesaboutgoodspiritsintreesorfromanassociationwiththeChristiancross.”可推知,Knockonwood这一短语起源与基督教的十字架有关。