还剩10页未读,继续阅读
本资源只提供10页预览,全部文档请下载后查看!喜欢就下载吧,查找使用更方便
文本内容:
2019版高考英语阅读理解一轮提升选练
(6)A2017·陕西省高三质检Manypeoplehaveboughtinsurance,eitherlifeorproperty财产,mercialorpulsory.Yetsomepeopleknowlittleaboutitandsomeevenmisunderstanditsnatureandfunction.Insuranceisthesharingofrisks.Nearlyeveryoneisexposedtoariskofsomesort.Thehouseowner,forexampleknowsthathispropertycanbedamagedbyfire;theshipownerknowsthathisshipsmaybelostatsea;thebreadwinnerknowsthathemaydieatanearlyageandleavehisfamilypoorer.Ontheotherhand,noteveryhouseisdamagedbyfirenoreveryshipislostatsea.Ifthesepersonseachputasmallamountofmoneyintoapool,therewillbeenoughtomeettheneedsofthefewwhodosufferlosses.Inotherwords,thelossesofthefewaremetfromthecontributionsofthemany.Thisisthebasisofinsurance.Thosewhopaythecontributionareknownastheinsuredandthosewhomanagethe__pool__of__contributionsasinsurers.Thelegalbasisofallinsuranceisthepolicy.Thisisaprintedformofcontractonapieceofpaperinbestquality.Itstatesthateveryyeartheinsuredshallpayanamountofmoney,whichiscalledthepremium;inreturntheinsurerwillpayanamountofmoneyorpensationforlossesiftheriskoreventinsuredagainstactuallyhappens.Thepremiumforinsurancenaturallydependsuponhowlikelytheriskistohappen,assuggestedbypastexperience.Ifpaniesfixtheirpremiumstoohigh,therewillbemorepetitionintheirareaofinsuranceandtheymaylosebusiness.Ontheotherhand,iftheymakethepremiumtoolow,theywilllosemoneyandmayevenhavetodropoutofbusiness.Sotheordinaryforcesofsupplyanddemandkeeppremiumsatalevelsatisfactorytoboththeinsurerandtheinsured.1.TheunderlinedphraseinPara.2mostprobablymeans________.A.moneypaidbytheinsurersB.eachpremiumC.moneypaidbyallthoseinsuredD.thecostofadministeringinsurance2.Insurancepremiumsdonotbeetoohighbecause________.A.notmanypeopleinsurethemselvesB.premiumsdependontheriskoflossesC.insurershavetobemorepetitiveD.insurancepaniescanneverlosemoney3.Accordingtothepassageinsurancebusinessgainsprofitbecause________.A.moreandmorepeoplebuyinsuranceB.thefirmshavesoundmanagementC.thepremiumisincreasedyearbyyearD.onlyafewofthoseinsuredsufferlosses4.Thepurposeofthepassageisto________.A.explainaninsurancepolicyB.introduceinsurancebusinessC.persuadepeopletobeinsuredD.warnpeopleofpossiblelosses【解题导语】 本文主要对保险进行了简要介绍1.C 解析词义猜测题根据第二段的“Ifthesepersonseachputasmallamountofmoneyintoapooltherewillbeenoughtomeettheneedsofthefewwhodosufferlosses.”可推知,thepoolofcontributions表示投保人所投的钱2.C 解析细节理解题根据最后一段的“Ifpaniesfixtheirpremiumstoohightherewillbemorepetitionintheirareaofinsuranceandtheymaylosebusiness.”可知,保险公司也有竞争,因此保险费不能定得太高,否则就没有竞争力,也就意味着可能会失去业务,故选C3.D 解析推理判断题根据第二段的“Ontheotherhandnoteveryhouseisdamagedbyfirenoreveryshipislostatsea.”“enoughtomeettheneedsofthefewwhodosufferlosses”和“thelossesofthefew”可推知,保险公司获利是因为只有少部分投保人遭受意外风险4.B 解析写作意图题文章第一段点题,再结合全文的整体内容可推知,本文主要介绍的是保险业务,故选BB2015·呼和浩特第一次调研Manypeoplemaybesurprisedbythenumberofchemicalsthattheyareexposedtothrougheverydayhouseholdproducts.Inastudy25womenhadtheirhomesandbodiestestedfor89environmentalpollutants—includingpesticides杀虫剂andchemicalsfoundinplasticsandcleaningproducts.Onaverage20chemicalswerefoundontheirbodiesorintheirhomes.Muchisunknownaboutthepossiblehealtheffectsofchemicalsineverydayhouseholdproducts.Butcertainchemicals—likephthalates邻苯二甲酸盐foundinplastics—havebeenlinkedtopotentialhealthrisksincludinghigherrisksofcertaincancersthoughtheevidencemainlyesfromresearchonlabanimals.Otherhouseholdchemicalsareknowntoharmtheskineyesandairways—andmayworsenasthma哮喘.Manymorechemicalsfoundremainuntested.Chemicalslikelyefromarangeofsourcessoitisnotalwaysclearhowtoreducepeople’sexposureaccordingtoDrRebeccaAltmantheleadresearcheronthenewstudy.Intheoriginalstudyshenotedwomenweregivenadvicebasedontheparticularchemicalstheywereexposedto—suchasusingfragrancefreewashingliquidandpersonalcareproducts.ForthecurrentstudyAltmanandhercolleaguesinterviewedtwodozenwomenwho’dtakenpartinthepreviousstudytoseehowtheywouldreacttoinformationabouttheirhouseholdchemicalexposures.Theyfoundthatthewomenweregenerallysurprisedattherangeofchemicalsfoundintheirhomesandbodies.Theywerealsosurprisedthatevensomebannedthingswerefound.Withmanyquestionsaboutthehealtheffectsofhouseholdchemicalsunansweredsomeexpertsworrythatgivingpeopleinformationabouttheireverydayexposureswillcauseunnecessaryfear.Howevertheresearchersfoundthatthewomenintheirstudyweretypicallynotalarmed,andinsteadwanted“moreratherthanless”informationontheissue.1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutchemicalsinhouseholdproductsisTRUEA.Itisuncertainwhateffectssomechemicalshaveonhealth.B.Longtermexposuretothemiscertaintocauseadeadlyillness.C.Inthestudyitwasfoundthatcertainchemicalscancausecancers.D.Someofthemhavebadeffectsonhealthwhilesomehavegoodeffects.2.Theunderlinedword“airways”inParagraph3mostprobablyrefersto________.A.thingsthatlooklikefinethreadsgrowinginthebodyB.thepassagerunningfromyournoseandthroattothelungsC.thepassagebetweenrowsofroomsinabuildingD.theareajustinsidethefrontdoorofabuilding3.WhyisitnotclearhowtoreduceexposuretochemicalsA.Becausealleverydayproductscontainchemicals.B.Becausemuchisunknownaboutthesources.C.Becausemeasureshavenotbeentestedfortheireffects.D.Becausechemicalsefromavarietyofsources.4.AccordingtoDrRebeccaAltman,________.A.womenweremorelikelytobeharmedbychemicalsB.itisunnecessarytoinformpeopleaboutthestudyresultsC.fragrantproductsmaycontainharmfulchemicalsD.furtherstudyoneverydayproductsshouldbedoneimmediately【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文,阐述了人们在日常生活中所使用的家居用品中所含的化学成分可能给人的健康带来的诸多影响1.解析选A推理判断题根据文章第三段第一句“Muchisunknownaboutthepossiblehealtheffectsofchemicalsineverydayhouseholdproducts.”,该段最后一句“Manymorechemicalsfoundremainuntested.”及文章最后一段第一句“Withmanyquestionsaboutthehealtheffectsofhouseholdchemicalsunanswered...”可知,目前家居用品所含的化学成分对人的健康的影响还有很多是不确定的故答案选A2.解析选B词义猜测题首先,从构词法的角度来看,airways由air空气和ways道路构成再根据其前所并列的skin,eyes可知,airways应该是身体的某组织或器官,再根据破折号后的“andmayworsenasthma哮喘”可知,airways指的应是人的呼吸道故答案选B3.解析选D细节理解题根据文章第四段中“Chemicalslikelyefromarangeofsources,soitisnotalwaysclearhowtoreducepeople’sexposure”可知,可能的化学污染源太多、太广,因此尚不清楚要如何减少化学物质对人们的危害故答案选D4.解析选C细节理解题根据第五段“Intheoriginalstudy...givenadvicebasedontheparticularchemicalstheywereexposedto—suchasusingfragrance,freewashing...”可知,研究者们会根据妇女可能接触到的一些特殊的化学物质,如芳香剂、免费洗手液和其他个人护理产品提出一些建议由此可知,有香味的产品可能会含有有害物质故答案选CCArecentresearchshowsthatthe“shortsleepers”hadbeenmoreorlessaverageintheirsleepneedsuntilthemenwereintheirteens.Butattheageof15orsothemenvoluntarilybegancuttingdowntheirnightlysleeptimebecauseofpressuresfromschoolworkandotheractivities.Thesementendedtoviewtheirnightlyperiodsofunconsciousnessasinterruptionsintheirdailyroutines.Ingeneralthese“shortsleepers”appearedambitiousactiveenergeticcheerfulandverysureabouttheircareerchoices.Theyoftenheldseveraljobsatonceorworkedfullorparttimewhilegoingtoschool.Andmanyofthemhadastrongurgetoappear“normal”or“acceptable”totheirfamilyfriendsandsoon.Whenaskedtorecalltheirdreamsthe“shortsleepers”didpoorly.Morethanthistheyseemedtoprefernotremembering.Insimilarsituationtheirusualwayofdealingwithpsychologicalproblemswastodenythattheproblemexistedandthentokeepbusyinthehopethatthetroublewouldgoaway.Thesleeppatternsofthe“shortsleepers”weresimilartobutlessextremethansleeppatternsshownbymanymentalpatients.The“longsleepers”werequitedifferentindeed.Theresearchshowsthattheseyoungmenhadbeenlengthysleepssincechildhood.Theyseemedtoenjoytheirsleepprotecteditandwerequiteconcernedwhentheywereoccasionallyrobbedoftheirdesired9hoursofnightlybedrest.Theytendedtorecalltheirdreamsmuchbetterthandidthe“shortsleepers”.文章大意本文是一篇研究报告报告中对“睡眠少”的人和“睡眠多”的人进行了对比分析,研究出了他们睡眠时间不同的原因,及其在梦境回忆、性格特点等方面的差异1.Accordingtothereport________.A.many“shortsleepers”neededlesssleepbeforetheywereteenagersB.many“shortsleepers”wereforcedtoreducetheirnightlysleeptimeC.many“longsleepers”werequiteconcernedwhentheyslept9hoursD.many“longsleepers”hadkepttheirsleepinghabitssincechildhood答案D 细节理解题根据文章最后一段第二句“Theresearchshowsthattheseyoungmenhadbeenlengthysleepssincechildhood.”可知,答案D符合文义2.Many“shortsleepers”werelikelytoholdtheviewthat________.A.sleepcouldmakepeopleappearactiveandcheerfulB.sleepwastheleastimportantontheirdailyroutinesC.theywereacceptabletoalltheirfriendsandfamilyD.theywerelessextremethanmanymentalpatients答案B 推理判断题根据文章第一段最后一句“Thesementendedtoviewtheirnightlyperiodsofunconsciousnessasinterruptionsintheirdailyroutines.”可推知,他们将睡眠看成日常生活的障碍,故答案B符合文义3.Itcanbeconcludedfromthethirdparagraphthat________.A.“shortsleepers”dealtwiththepsychologicaltroublethemselvesB.“shortsleepers”wereunwillingtofacepsychologicalproblemsC.“shortsleepers”shortenedthesleepingtimebecauseofpressuresD.“shortsleepers”wouldratherrememberthanforgettheirdreams答案B 细节理解题根据文章第三段最后一句“Insimilarsituationtheirusualwayofdealingwithpsychologicalproblemswastodenythattheproblemexisted...”可推知,答案B符合文义4.WhatisthepurposeofwritingthispassageA.Tointroducetheresultofarecentresearch.B.Toadvisepeopletosleepforalongertime.C.Toshowthedisadvantagesofshortsleeping.D.Toexplaintheadvantagesoflongsleeping.答案A 写作意图题根据文章第一段的开篇点题和对文章的整体理解可知,本文是一篇研究报告,写作的主要目的是介绍研究的成果,故答案A符合文义D2015·贵阳高三适应性监测考试ManyyearsagowhenIwasfreshoutofschoolandworkinginDenverIwasdrivingtomyparents’homeinMissouriforChristmas.Istoppedatagasstationabout50milesfromOklahomaCitywhereIwasplanningtovisitafriend.WhileIwasstandinginlineatthecashregister收款机Isaidhellotoanoldcouplewhowerealsopayingforgas.Itookoffbuthadgoneonlyafewmileswhenblacksmokebeganpouringfromthebackofmycar.IstoppedandwonderedwhatIshoulddo.Acarpulledupbehindme.ItwasthecoupleIhadspokentoatthegasstation.Theysaidtheywouldtakemetomyfriend’s.WechattedonthewayintothecityandwhenIgotoutofthecarthehusbandgavemehisbusinesscard.Iwrotehimandhiswifeathankyounoteforhelpingme.SoonafterwardsIreceivedaChristmaspresentfromthem.Theirnotethatcamewithitsaidthathelpingmehadmadetheirholidaysmeaningful.YearslaterIdrovetoameetinginanearbytowninthemorning.InthelateafternoonIreturnedtomycarandfoundthatI’dleftthelightsonalldayandthebatterywasdead.ThenInoticedthattheFriendlyForddealership—ashopsellingcars—wasrightnextdoor.Iwalkedoverandfoundtwosalesmenintheshowroom.“JusthowfriendlyisFriendlyFord?”Iaskedandexplainedmytrouble.Theyquicklydroveapickuptrucktomycarandstartedit.Theywouldacceptnopayment.WhenIgothomeIwrotethemanotetosaythanks.Ireceivedaletterbackfromoneofthesalesmen.Noonehadevertakenthetimetowritehimandsay“thankyou”,anditmeantalothesaid.“Thankyou”—twopowerfulwords.They’reeasytosayandmeansomuch.1.Whydidthewritergetintotheoldcouple’scarA.Hisparentswereinthecar.B.Hiscarhadbrokendown.C.Hisfriendtoldhimtodoso.D.Hiscar’soilhadrunout.2.Fromthetextweknowthattheoldcouplewere________.A.talkativeB.braveC.kindD.lonely3.WhatdidtheoldcouplethinkofhelpingthewriterA.Theycouldgetareward.B.Itmadetheirholidayworthy.C.Theydiditbychance.D.Itwasduetoathankyouletter.4.WhatwouldbethebesttitleforthetextA.AnExperiencetoMissouriB.AnOldCoupleC.AMeaningfulHolidayD.AMeaningfulThankyou【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文作者通过讲述两个自己在遇到困难时得到他人无私帮助的故事,说明了在接受帮助时表达感谢的重要性1.解析选B细节理解题根据第二段第一句中的“blacksmokebeganpouringfromthebackofmycar”可知,作者的车出故障了,所以他才坐老夫妇的车故答案选B2.解析选C推理判断题根据第
二、三段可知,这对老夫妇让作者搭他们的车去见朋友,作者下车后,老夫妇还给了他一张名片,在作者寄去感谢信后,这对老夫妇给作者寄了一个圣诞礼物,由此可知,这对夫妇很善良kind意为“善良的”,符合文意故答案选Ctalkative意为“健谈的”;brave意为“勇敢的”;lonely意为“孤独的”,均不符合文意3.解析选B细节理解题根据第三段最后一句“Theirnotethatcamewithitsaidthathelpingmehadmadetheirholidaysmeaningful.”可知,这对老夫妇认为,帮助作者让他们的假期很有意义,这一切都是值得的故答案选B4.解析选D标题归纳题通读全文可知,本文作者主要讲述了两个自己受到帮助的故事每一次受到帮助后,作者都会通过写便条来表达自己对他们的感谢“感谢”二字虽然说起来容易,但是意义重大由此可知,D项“一个有意义的感谢”概括出了文章的主旨,最适合做这篇文章的标题故答案选DEFidelCastrowasbornathisfather’sfarmonAugust
131926.HisfatherAngelCastrowasamigranttoCubafromGaliciaNorthwestSpain.HehadbeefinanciallysuccessfulbygrowingsugarcaneatLasManacasfarminBiranOrienteProvince.AgedsixCastrowassenttolivewithhisteacherinSantiagobeCubabeforebeingbaptized洗礼intotheRomanCatholicChurchattheageofeight.BeingbaptizedenabledCastrotoattendthelaSalleboardingschoolinSantiagowhereheregularlymisbehavedsohewassenttotheprivatelyfundedDoloresSchoolinSantiago.In1945hetransferredtoamorefamousschoolDeBeleninHavana.AlthoughCastrotookaninterestinhistorygeographyanddebatingatBelenhedidnotexcelacademicallyinsteaddevotingmuchofhistimetoplayingsport.In1945CastrobeganstudyinglawattheUniversityofHavanawherehebecameinvolvedinstudentactivismandtheviolentgangsterismculturewithintheuniversity.Passionateaboutanti-imperialismandopposingU.S.interferenceintheCaribbeanheunsuccessfullycampaignedforthepresidencyoftheFederationofUniversityStudentsonaplatformof“honestydecencyandjustice”.CastrobecamecriticalofthecorruptionandviolenceofPresidentRamonGrau’sgovernmentdeliveringapublicspeechonthesubjectinNovember1946thatreceivedcoverageonthefrontpageofseveralnewspapers.In1947CastrojoinedthePartyoftheCubanPeoplefoundedbyEduardoChibas.Chibasadvocatedsocialjusticehonestgovernmentandpoliticalfreedomwhilehispartyexposedcorruptionanddemandedreform.ThoughChibaslosttheelectionCastroremaineddevotedtoworkingonhisbehalf.SocialsituationbeingworseCastorsoonreceivedadeaththreaturginghimtoleavetheuniversity;refusinghebegancarryingagunandsurroundinghimselfwitharmedfriends.
1.Fromparagraph2weknowthatFidelCastro_______.A.hadnointerestinhistoryB.performedverywellatschoolC.spendmuchtimeplayingsportD.attendedtheLaSalleboardingschoolbefore
82.WhatistherightorderofthefollowingeventsrelatedtoFidelCastroa.deliveredapublicspeechb.enteredtheUniversityofHavanac.joinedthePartyoftheCubanPeopled.transferredtofamousschoolDeBelenA.dbacB.abcdC.dabcD.acdb
3.FidelCastrocarriedagunatuniversity_________A.tocatchpeople’sattentionB.tohangoutwithfriendforfunC.togetinvolvedinthepoliticalactivitiesD.todefendhimselfagainstthedeaththreat
4.WhatdoesthepassagemainlytalkaboutA.thePartyoftheCubanPeopleB.FidelCastro’smisbehavioratschoolC.Cuba’spoliticalsituationsinthe1940sD.FidelCastro’searlylifeandpoliticalactivities【文章大意】本文介绍了古巴革命领袖FidelCastro的早期生活和政治活动
2.A【解析】细节理解题根据第二段第三句话“In1945hetransferredtoamorefamousschoolDeBeleninHavana.”可知d的时间为1945年;根据第三段第一句话中的“In1945CastrobeganstudyinglawattheUniversityofHavana”可知b的时间为1945年,且在d之后发生;根据第三段最后一句话中的“…deliveringapublicspeechonthesubjectinNovember1946”可知a发生于1946年;根据最后一段第一句话中的“In1947CastrojoinedthePartyoftheCubanPeople”可知c发生于1947年正确顺序为dbac,故选A
4.D【解析】主旨大意题纵观全文可知本文介绍了古巴革命领袖FidelCastro的早期生活和政治活动,故选D。