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2019高考英语阅读理解专题选编
(12)AIn1959whenJeanHarperwasinthethirdgradeherteachergavetheclassanassignmenttowriteareportonwhattheywantedtobewhentheygrewup.Jean’sfatherwasacropdustingpilotinthelittlefarmingmunityinNorthernCaliforniawhereshewasraisedandJeanwasveryinterestedinairplanesandflying.Shepouredherheartintoherreportandincludedallofherdreams.Shewantedtobeacropdustingpilotmakeparachutejumps跳伞andbeanairlinepilot.HerpapercamebackwithanFonit.Theteachertoldheritwasafairytaleandthatnoneoftheoccupationsshelistedwerewomen’sjobs.Jeanwasdevastatedandhumiliated.OnedayinhersenioryearofhighschoolherEnglishteacherMrsDorothySlatongavetheclassanassignment.IfyouhadunlimitedmoneyunlimitedaccesstothefinestschoolsandunlimitedtalentsandabilitieswhatwouldyoudoJeanfeltarushofheroldenthusiasmandwithexcitementshewrotedownallherolddreams.TheteacherleanedforwardoverherdeskandsaidYoudohaveunlimitedabilitiesandtalents.Whenyouleaveschoolifyoudon’tgoforyourdreamsnoonewilldoitforyou.Youcanhavewhatyouwantifyouwantitenough.ThehurtandfearofyearsofdiscouragementwentawaybecauseofwhatMrsSlatonhadsaid.Jeanfeltexcitedandalittlescared.Shestayedafterclassandwentuptotheteacher’sdesk.JeanthankedMrsSlatonandtoldheraboutherdreamofbeingapilot.MrsSlatonhalfroseandslappedthedesktop.Thendoit!shesaid.SoJeandid.Itdidn’thappenovernight.Ittookher10yearsofhardwork.Itwasn’tinJean’snaturetostandupforherselfwhensomeonerefusedorhumiliatedher.Insteadshewouldquietlytrytofindanotherway.Shebecameaprivatepilotandthenflewplanesasaco-pilot副驾驶员.In1978shebecameoneofthefirstthreefemalepilottraineeseveracceptedbyUnitedAirlinesandoneoftheonly50womenairlinepilotsinthenationatthattime.SomeyearslaterJeanHarperbecameaBoeing737captainforUnitedAirlines.
1.WhenJeanHarperwasinthethirdgrade_________.A.itwasmonforwomentobeairlinepilotsB.herfatheradvisedhertobeapilotlikehiminthefutureC.shewasunsureaboutwhatshewantedtobewhenshegrewupD.shewasdeeplyhurtbyherteacher’smentonherdreams
2.WhatwasMrsSlaton’sreactionwhenshelearnedaboutJeanHarper’sdreamA.EncouragingJeantodowhatshewantedto.B.OfferingJeanasmuchhelpasshecould.C.PersuadingJeantogiveupherdream.D.MakingJeanawareofallthepossibledifficulties.
3.WhatisthelastparagraphmainlyaboutA.HowJeanHarperachievedherflyingdream.B.JeanHarper’sgreatachievementsinflying.C.ThehardshipsJeanHarperexperiencedwhentryingtobeapilot.D.JeanHarper’sdeterminationtopursueherdream.
4.WhatgaveJeanHarperenoughstrengthandfaithtopursueherdreamA.Herfather’sinfluenceonher.B.MrsSlaton’ssupport.C.Herdecisiontostandupforherself.D.Ateacher’shumiliationwhenshewasinthethirdgrade.【文章大意】本文是一篇人物传记,介绍了JeanHarper如何在英语老师的鼓励下,实现了当一名飞行员的梦想
1.D【解析】细节理解题由第二段中的Jeanwasdevastatedandhumiliated和第四段中的Thehurtandfearofyearsofdiscouragement可知答案为D
3.B【解析】段落大意题最后一段主要讲述了JeanHarper在飞行方面的成就,所以答案为B
4.B【解析】推理判断题文中提到的JeanHarper的两位老师,一位打击她的梦想,让她几乎对此丧失信心;另一位老师给她无限的信心,让她相信自己,坚持追寻梦想,所以答案为BB2015·辽宁五校联盟第一次联考Asglobalizationcontinuestomaketheworldasmallerplace,andgoodsbeemoreaccessibleacrossborders,concernsaboutfoodsafetyintheAsiaPacificregionhavesteadilyrisenovertheyears.AnAPECforumisbeingheldinBeijing,tofindwaystobetteraddresstheproblem.156participantsfrom19APECeconomiesand4nonAPECmembersattendedtheAPECFoodSafetyCooperationForum,whichhasbeenactivelylookingforwaystostrengthenfoodsafetystandardintheregion,withoutaffectingtrade.“Asconsumersarefacedwithmorevarietiesoffood,thepotentialfoodsafetyriskalsobeesbigger.ThisforumhashelpedAPECeconomiestocooperateinsupervision监督,exchangeinformation,andimprovetheoverallfoodsafetystandardintheAsiaPacificregion,”saiddirectorofChina’sGeneralAdministrationofQualitySupervisionWuQinghai.Forthefirsttimetheforumhasbroughttogetherhighlevelregulators,academics,andindustrystakeholderstotalkabouttheirrespectiverolesinsafetysupervision.Theysaygovernmentsalonecannotshoulderthisheavyduty.InChina,thecontinuousfoodsafetyproblemshavegreatlyhurtconsumers’confidenceindomesticproducts;thereforemoreturnedtoimports.However,problemsrelatedtoqualityofthoseimportedgoodsalsobegantoshow.InJulythisyear,morethan400batches批offoodimportedfrom35countriesandregionswerefoundsubstandardbythecountry’stopqualitysupervisor.Governmentsandindustrieshavebeenbroughtcloserbythisforum.Asfoodmovesmorefreelybeyondborders,thisforumishopedtopromotesafetycontrolcooperation,soAPECmemberscanbetterbenefitfromtheeconomicintegration经济一体化.1.WhatkindoffunctioncantheforumplayA.Ithasgreatlyinfluencedtheeconomyinthearea.B.Ithaslongbeenabletoputeveryside’seffortstogether.C.Ithelpstobringgovernmentregulatorsandindustriestogether.D.Ithasfoundwaystodealwithsafetyproblems.2.Thelastbutoneparagraphtellsusthat________.A.theChinesecustomersaremoresatisfiedwiththeirfoodsafetyB.foodimportedfromothercountriesisindeedhighinqualityC.manyChinesecustomerswouldratherbuysomeforeignfoodD.thereareonly35countriesandregionsexportingfoodtoChina3.Theunderlinedword“address”inthefirstparagraphcanbereplacedby“________”.A.sendaletteraboutB.dealwithC.deliveraspeechonD.calloff4.Accordingtothearticle,whichofthefollowingstatementsisWRONGA.Peoplecanbuyforeignfoodmoreeasilythanever.B.Themorevarietiesoffood,thebiggerthepotentialfoodsafetyrisk.C.Foodsafetyproblemshaveappearedmanytimesbeforethisforum.D.Governmentshavestartedtheircooperationwithacademiesandindustriesbeforethisforum.【解题导语】 通过APEC论坛,各国之间将更加密切地合作,食品安全问题将得到更有效的监管和处理,各成员国都会从中受益1.解析选C细节理解题根据第四段中的“theforumhasbroughttogetherhighlevelregulators,academics,andindustrystakeholderstotalkabouttheirrespectiverolesinsafetysupervision”可知,应选C项2.解析选C细节理解题根据第五段中的“thecontinuousfoodsafetyproblemshavegreatlyhurtconsumers’confidenceindomesticproducts;thereforemoreturnedtoimports.However,problemsrelatedtoqualityofthoseimportedgoodsalsobegantoshow”可知,连续的国内食品安全问题伤害了消费者的信心,他们更加愿意买进口产品,但是进口食品的质量问题也开始显现,即C项正确,A、B项错误;文中第五段的最后一句表示来自35个国家和地区的超过400批次的进口食品不达标而非只有35个国家和地区向中国出口食品,故D项错误3.解析选B词义猜测题根据全文大意可知,各国通过APEC论坛加强合作,积极寻求更好的方法来解决食品安全问题由此可推知,B项“处理,解决”与address含义相近4.解析选D细节理解题根据第一段中的“andgoodsbeemoreaccessibleacrossborders,concernsaboutfoodsafetyintheAsiaPacificregionhavesteadilyrisenovertheyears”可知,A、C项表述正确;根据第三段中的“Asconsumersarefacedwithmorevarietiesoffood,thepotentialfoodsafetyriskalsobeesbigger.”可知,B项表述正确,D项与第四段的第一句不符,故选D项C阅读下列短文从给的四个选项A、B、C和D中选出最佳选项Sincethe1970sscientistshavebeensearchingforwaystolinkthebrainwithputers.Brain-puterinterfaceBCItechnologycouldhelppeoplewithdisabilitiessendmandstomachines.RecentlytworesearchersJoseMillanandMicheleTavellafromtheFederalPolytechnicschoolinLausanneSwitzerlanddemonstrated(展示)asmallroboticwheelchairdirectedbyaperson’sthoughts.InthelaboratoryTavellaoperatedthewheelchairjustbythinkingaboutmovinghisleftorrightband.Hecouldeventalkashewatchedthevehicleandguideditwithhisthoughts.“ourbrainhasbillionsofnerveceils.Thesesendsignalsthroughthespinalcord(脊髓)tothemusclestogiveustheabilitytomove.Butspinalcordinjuriesorotherconditionscanpreventtheseweakelectricalsignalsfromreachingthemuscles”Tavellasays.“Oursystemallowsdisabledpeopletomunicatewithexternalworldandalsotocontroldevices.”Theresearchersdesignedaspecialcapfortheuser.Thisheadcoverpicksupthesignalsfromthescalp头皮andsendsthemtoaputer.Theputerinterpretsthesignalsandmandsthemotorizedwheelchair.Thewheelchairalsohastwocamerasthatidentifyobjectsinitspath.Theyhelptheputerreacttomandsfromthebrain.Prof.Millantheteamleadersaysscientistskeepimprovingtheputersoftwarethatinterpretsbrainsignalsandturnsthemintosimplemands.“ThepracticalpossibilitiesthatBCItechnologyofferstodisabledpeoplecanbegroupedintwocategories:municationandcontrollingdevices.Oneexampleisthiswheelchair.”Hesayshisteamhassettwogoals.Oneistestingwithrealpatientssoastoprovethatthisisatechnologytheycanbenefitfront.Andtheotheristoguaranteethattheycanusethetechnologyoverlongperiodsoftime.
1.BCIisatechnologythatcanA.helptoupdateputersystemsB.linkthehumanbrainwithputersC.helpthedisabledtorecoverD.controlapersonsthoughts
2.HowdidTavellaoperatethewheelchairinthelaboratoryA.Bycontrollinghismuscles.B.Bytalkingtothemachine.C.Bymovinghishand.D.Byusinghismind.
3.WhichofthefollowingshowsthepathofthesignalsdescribedinParagraph5A.scalp→puter→cap→wheelchairB.puter→cap→scalp→wheelchairC.scalp→cap→puter→wheelchairD.cap→pute→scalp→wheelchair
4.TheteamwilltestwithrealpatientstoA.makeprofitsfromthemB.provethetechnologyusefultothemC.makethemlivelongerD.learnabouttheirphysicalcondition
5.WhichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetextA.SwitzerlandtheBCIResearchCenterB.NewFindingsAboutHowtheHumanBrainWorksC.BCICouldMeanMoreFreedomfortheDisabledD.RoboticVehiclesCouldHelptoCureBrainInjuries【文章大意】科普说明文本文介绍了BCI脑机接口技术,它是帮助残疾人向机器输送指令【参考方案】1---
5、BDCBC键词应该出现在标题中,选BD2015·沈阳质量检测一WhenShakespearewastwentyone,hewenttoLondon,averyinterestingplace,totryhisfortune.TherewasthefamousLondonBridgeandSt.Paul’sCathedral,andpalacesandmarketsandlongstreetsfullofshops.Then,too,therewerethedailycrowdswherecouldbeseenpeoplefromallovertheworld.Knights,scholarsandhighwaymen拦路强盗orthieveswhohadbeeninfamousfortheircleverrobberies,passedbyeachother.Here,also,werenoblemendressedingold,fromItaly,SpainandFrance;slavesfromSpanishAmerica,seacaptainsandministers,soldiersandservants—allheldbychancesorinterestswithinthegraywallswhichcircledLondon,andwhosegatesgaveweletoasstrangeacrowdascouldbefoundintheworld.IntothiscuriouscrowdcameShakespeare,quicktoseeandeagertolearn.Andbeforelongallthesestrangesightswereasfamiliartohimasthefacesofhisowntown’sresidents.Eachonetolditsstorytohimsoplainlythat,asbeforehehadlearnedthesecretsofthefieldsandwoods,sonowhelearnedmenandmen’sintereststhatmakeupthegreatworld.Andhelearnedtheselessonssowellthatwhenhecametowritehisplays,hemadesuchuseofthemasnowriterevermadebeforeorsince;foritistheuseofthisknowledgeoftheworld,binedwithhisowngenius,thatmakesShakespearethegreatestdramatistthathaseverlived.1.WhatwasLondonlikeinShakespeare’seyeswhenhefirstwentthereA.Dirtyandsmall.B.Strangeandinteresting.C.Infamousandterrible.D.Familiarandmodern.2.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesShakespeareA.ShakespearegotinspirationtowritefromhishometownLondon.B.ShakespearewaseagertomakefriendswiththenoblemeninLondon.C.Shakespearewasgoodatobservingandlearningfromthedailylife.D.Shakespearebecamethegreatestdramatistowingtohisowngenius.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“one”inParagraph5refertoA.Crowd. B.Sight.C.Face.D.Resident.4.Thepassageprobablyesfrom________.A.aposterB.atextbookC.anadvertisementD.anannouncement【解题导语】 本文主要讲述了莎士比亚到伦敦后的经历,他很快适应了那里的生活,并把自己所观察到的事情融入自己的创作中1.解析选B细节理解题根据第一段中的“averyinterestingplace”和第五段中的“allthesestrangesights”可知,在Shakespeare的眼中,伦敦是一个有趣而陌生的城市,即B项正确2.解析选C推理判断题根据第五段可知,Shakespeare来到伦敦不久之后,通过观察和学习了解了伦敦,并适应了那里的生活,由此可推断出,Shakespeare擅长观察日常生活并从中学习,故C项正确3.解析选B词义猜测题画线词后的“asbeforehehadlearnedthesecretsofthefieldsandwoods”的意思为“正如他以前所学到的田野和树林的秘密那样”,根据这句话可知,one指的是像田野和树林一样的景象,故B项正确4.解析选B推理判断题本文主要讲述了莎士比亚到伦敦的经历,所以这篇文章最有可能出现在一本教材中,故B项正确E阅读下列短文从给的四个选项A、B、C和D中选出最佳选项DoyouwanttogethomefromworkknowingyouhavemadearealdifferenceinsomeoneslifeIfyes,dontcareaboutsexorage!eandjoinus,thenyoull_make_it!Position VolunteerSocialCareAssistantNoPaywithFreeMealsPlaceManchesterHours PartTimeWearenowlookingforvolunteerstosupportpeoplewithlearningdisabilitiestoliveactivelives!Only4daysleft.Dontmissthechanceoflendingyourwarmhandstohelpothers!Role Youwillprovidepeoplewithlearningdisabilitieswithallaspectsoftheirdailylives.Youwillhelpthemtodevelopnewskills.Youwillhelpthemtoprotecttheirrightsandtheirsafety.Butyourprimaryconcernistoletthemknowtheyarevalued.SkillsandExperienceRequired Youwillhavetherightvaluesandgreatlisteningskills.Youwillbehonestandpatient.YouwillhavetheabilitytodriveacarandtomunicateinfluentwrittenandspokenEnglishsinceyoullhavetohelpthosepeoplewithdifferentlearningdisabilities.Previouscarerelatedexperiencewillbeagreatadvantageforyou.1.Thetextismeantto________.A.leaveanoteB.sendaninvitationC.presentadocumentD.carryanadvertisement2.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartmeanA.Youllmakeotherslivesmoremeaningfulwiththisjob.B.Youllarrivehomejustintimefromthisjob.C.Youllearnagoodsalaryfromthisjob.D.Youllsucceedingettingthisjob.3.Thevolunteersprimaryresponsibilityistohelppeoplewithlearningdisabilities________.A.togetsomefinancialsupportB.toproperlyprotectthemselvesC.tolearnsomenewlivingskillsD.torealizetheirownimportance4.WhichofthefollowingcanfirstbechosenasavolunteerA.Theonewhocandriveacar.B.Theonewhohasdonesimilarworkbefore.C.Theonewhohaspatiencetolistentoothers.D.TheonewhocanuseEnglishtomunicate.答案【语篇解读】 本文是一则广告广告中招募志愿者,帮助智障人,让智障人意识到他们的重要性1.D 解析考查推理判断从文中Position,Place,Hours,Role以及SkillsandExperienceRequired的相关信息可知,短文为广告2.A 解析考查句意理解从文章中的“Doyouwanttogethomefromworkknowingyouhavemadearealdifferenceinsomeoneslife”以及第二段中的“Ifyes,dontcareaboutsexorage!eandjoinusthenyoull_make_it”可知,youllmakeit意为“参加广告中的志愿工作,你将让别人的生活更有意义”3.D 解析考查细节理解根据文中Role部分的“Butyourprimaryconcernistoletthemknowtheyarevalued”可知,志愿者的基本工作是让智障人意识到他们的重要性4.B 解析考查细节理解根据文中SkillsandExperienceRequired部分的“Previouscarerelatedexperiencewillbeagreatadvantageforyou”可知,以前有类似工作经历的人优先。