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Unit1Art
一、阅读理解OldFossilsScientistshavefoundwhattheythinkisprobablytheoldestfossilonEartharemnantoflifefrom
3.7billionyearsagowhenEarth’sskieswereorangeanditsoceansgreen.InanewlymeltedpartofGreenlandAustralianscientistsfoundtheleftoverstructurefromamunityofmicrobes(微生物)thatlivedonanancientseafloor.Basedontheiranalysisofthefossilstheresearchersdeterminedthattheyare220millionyearsolderthanthosediscoveredinWesternAustraliawhichwere
3.48billionyearsold.ThediscoveryshowslifemayhaveformedquickerandmoreeasilythanoncethoughtabouthalfabillionyearsafterEarthformed.AndthatmayalsogivehopeforlifeformingelsewheresuchasMarssaidstudyco-authorMartinVanKranendonkoftheUniversityofNewSouthWalesanddirectoroftheAustralianCenterforAstrobiology."Itgivesusanideahowourplanetevolvedandhowlifegainedafoothold"VanKranendonksaid.ScientistshadthoughtitwouldtakeatleasthalfabillionyearsforlifetoformafterthemoltenEarthstartedtocoolabitbutthisshowsitcouldhavehappenedquickerhesaid.That’sbecausethenewlyfoundfossilisfartooplextohavedevelopedsoonaftertheplanet’sfirstlifeformshesaid.InanoutcropofrocksthatusedtobecoveredwithiceandsnowwhichmeltedafteranexceptionallywarmspringtheAustralianteamfoundstromatolites(叠层石)whicharelayeredstructuresthatareoftenproducedbyamunityofmicrobes.Thestromatoliteswereabout1to4centimetershigh."Itislikethehouseleftbehindmadebythemicrobes"VanKranendonksaid."Scientistsusedthelayersofashfromvolcanoesandtinyzircon(锆石)withuraniumandestimatedthattheydatebackto
3.7billionyearsago."ThedatingseemsaboutrightsaidAbigailAllwoodaNASAastrobiologistwhofoundthepreviousoldestfossilfrom
3.48billionyearsagoinAustralia.ButAllwoodsaidsheisnotpletelyconvincedthatwhatVanKranendonk’steamfoundoncewasalive.Shesaidtheevidencewasn’tconclusiveenoughthatitwaslifeandnotageologicquirk(地质巧合)."Itwouldbenicetohavemoreevidencebutintheserocksthat’salottoask"Allwoodsaidinanemail.
1.Theunderlinedwords"gainedafoothold"inParagraph3mean______.A.continuedB.changedC.increasedD.Started
2.WecanlearnfromParagraph4______.A.thefossilappearedsoonafterthebirthoftheearthB.thefossilformedsoonaftertheearth’sfirstlifeC.lifeformedearlierthanthenewlyfoundfossilD.lifeappearedabouthalfabillionyearsago
3.WhatisAbigailAllwood’sattitudetowardsthenewlyfoundfossilA.Neutral.B.Sceptical.C.Objective.D.Supportive.
4.Accordingtothepassage______.A.thepreviousfossilsareageologicquirkB.thepreviousfossilsaremadeupofstromatolitesC.thenewlyfoundfossilsefromWesternAustraliaD.thenewlyfoundfossilshaveahistoryof
3.7billionyears【语篇解析】文章介绍科学家发现距今37亿年前的化石
1.D【解析】词义猜测题根据文章第三段的句子"Itgivesusanideahowourplanetevolved"这让我们了解星球是怎么形成的,下文是生命是怎么开始的可知,"gainedafoothold"意为"开始"故选D
3.B【解析】观点态度题根据文章最后一段的句子"Shesaidtheevidencewasn’tconclusiveenoughthatitwaslifeandnotageologicquirk地质巧合."可知,AbigailAllwood对于新发现的化石态度是怀疑的故选B
4.D【解析】细节理解题根据文章第一段的句子"remnantoflifefrom
3.7billionyearsago"和第二段的句子"theresearchersdeterminedthattheyare220millionyearsolderthanthosediscoveredinWesternAustraliawhichwere
3.48billionyearsold."可知,新发现的化石有37亿年历史故选D
二、单句语法填空1.Thelocalgovernmenthastakensomeeffectivemeasures___________aimatcuttingdownthecostduringthetougheconomy.答案aimed/aiming2.ThepresentsituationisveryplexsoIthinkitwilltakemesometimetofigure___________itsreality.答案out3.I’mwritingaletterexpectingyournewspapertoappealtothepublic___________paymoreattentiontoenvironmentalprotection.答案topay4.Theboysmadeanattempt___________leaveforcampingbutwerestoppedbytheirparents.答案toleave5.ThebookwrittenbyMr.Jacksonappealedtopeopleinallwalksoflife___________makeitthebestsellerinEngland.答案making6.WithoutyourtimelyhelpIcouldn’t___________finishthetaskaheadoftime.答案havefinished7.OntheonehandIamdyingforthejob;___________theotherhandIamnotwillingtogiveupmypresentone.答案on8.Myfathersmokesheavily;as___________consequencehecoughsfrequentlywhichmakesthewholefamilyworried.答案a9.Inthefarsouth___________lieStewartIslandthelargestofNewZealand’smanysmallerislands.答案lies10.Myfatherencouragedmeinpaintingbutheneverlovedtoseeanyofmyworks___________exhibitinpublic.答案exhibited
三、完形填空Fromchildhoodtooldagewealluselanguageasameansofbroadeningourknowledgeofourselvesandtheworldaroundus.Whenhumansfirst___1___theywerelikenewbornbabiesunabletousethis___2___tool.Yetoncelanguagedevelopedthepossibilitiesforhumankind’sfuture___3___andculturalgrowthincreased.Manylinguistsbelievethatevolutionis___4___forourabilitytoproduceanduselanguage.They___5___thatourhighlyevolvedbrainprovidesus___6___aninnatelanguageabilitynotfoundinlower___7___.Proponents支持者ofthisinnateness天赋theorysaythatour___8___forlanguageisinbornbutthatlanguageitselfdevelopsgradually___9___afunctionofthegrowthofthebrainduringchildhood.Thereforetherearecritical___10___timesforlanguagedevelopment.Current___11___ofinnatenesstheoryaremixedhoweverevidencesupportingtheexistenceofsomeinnateabilitiesisundeniable.___12___moreandmoreschoolsarediscoveringthatforeignlanguagesarebesttaughtin___13___grades.Youngchildrenoftencanlearnseverallanguagesbybeing___14___tothemwhileadultshaveamuchhardertimelearninganotherlanguageoncethe___15___oftheirfirstlanguagehavebeefirmlyfixed.___16___someaspectsoflanguageareundeniablyinnatelanguagedoesnotdevelopautomaticallyinavacuum.Childrenwhohavebeen___17___fromotherhumanbeingsdonotpossesslanguage.Thisdemonstratesthat___18___withotherhumanbeingsisnecessaryforproperlanguagedevelopment.Somelinguistsbelievethatthisisevenmorebasictohumanlanguage___19___thananyinnatecapacities.Thesetheoristsviewlanguageasimitativelearnedbehavior.___20___childrenlearnlanguagefromtheirparentsbyimitatingthem.Parentsgraduallyshapetheirchild’slanguageskillsbypositivelyreinforcingpreciseimitationsandnegativelyreinforcingimpreciseones.
1.A.generatedB.evolvedC.bornD.bined【答案】B【解析】此处意为当人类刚刚开始进化,他们如同新生儿一样不会运用语言这种工具evolved逐渐发展进化,符合题意generated生殖,发展;bornbear的过去分词不能作谓语动词;bined联合,结合
2.A.valuableB.appropriateC.convenientD.favorite【答案】A【解析】根据语法分析,答案应用来修饰语言的valuable珍贵的;appropriate合适的,适当的;convenient方便的,便利的;favorite最喜欢的语言并不是人类选择的结果,而是人类在进化过程中慢慢发展起来的,对人类来说,应当是珍贵的
3.A.achievementsB.convenienceC.entertainmentsD.appearance【答案】A【解析】此处意思是语言的发展增加了人类取得未来的成就和文化进步的可能性achievements成就;convenience方便;entertainments娱乐;appearance外观,外貌
4.A.essentialB.availableC.reliableD.responsible【答案】D【解析】此处意为许多语言学家认为进化使人们产生和具备了语言的能力固定短语beresponsiblefor对……负责,是……的原由其它选项不与for搭配
5.A.confirmB.informC.claimD.convince【答案】C
6.A.forB.fromC.ofD.with【答案】D【解析】固定搭配providesb.withsth.意为“向人提供物”句意他们断言,我们高度发达的大脑,为我们提供了一种天生的、还没有在低等生物体身上发现的语言能力
7.A.organizationsB.organismsC.humansD.children【答案】B【解析】根据上文的叙述,显然,这里是把人和低等动物相比较因此选organisms有机体,生物体
8.A.potentialB.performanceC.preferenceD.contribution【答案】A【解析】此句意思是人类的语言能力是与生俱来的,但语言本身也在逐渐发展,所以这种能力应该是潜在的potential潜力;performance履行;preference偏爱;contribution贡献
9.A.asB.justasC.likeD.unlike【答案】A【解析】此句句意是语言本身作为童年时期大脑生长的一种功能,其发展是缓慢的as作为,当作合乎题意like作为介词的意思是“像……一样”
10.A.consistentB.biologicalC.socialD.psychological【答案】B【解析】此句句意为语言的发展有一个关键期,人体的成长是生物变化的过程biological生物的;consistent一致的;social社会的;psychological心理的
11.A.reviewsB.referenceC.reactionD.remendation【答案】A【解析】此处意为目前人们对“先天论”评论观点不一,但是支持某些天生能力的证据却是确凿无疑的reviews评论;reference参考;reaction反应;remendation推荐
12.A.InawordB.InasenseC.IndeedD.Inconclusion【答案】C
13.A.uniqueB.differentC.thehigherD.thelower【答案】D【解析】此处意思是越来越多的学校发现在什么年级学外语较容易,根据常识低年级学外语较容易以及后文的Youngchildrenoftencanlearnseverallanguagesbybeing14tothemwhileadults…可以选定答案
14.A.revealedB.exposedC.engagedD.involved【答案】B【解析】此处意为通过接触多种语言,孩子们可以学会好几种语言beexposedto是固定搭配,接触到reveal显露sth.tosb,不合题意,因本题中的them指languages其余选项不与to搭配engagein从事;beinvolvedin参与
15.A.regulationsB.formationsC.rulesD.constitutions【答案】C【解析】此句意思是一旦母语的规则被深深印入脑海中,成年人就很难再学好另一种语言rules规则,规律;regulations规定;formations构成,构造;constitutions宪法,章程
16.A.AlthoughB.WhetherC.SinceD.When【答案】A【解析】分析上下文的逻辑关系,应为让步关系句意虽然语言的一些因素是天生的这无可争辩,但语言却不能脱离实际而自动发展
17.A.distinguishedB.difficultC.protectedD.isolated【答案】D【解析】此句句意为与人隔绝的儿童是不能掌握好一门语言的isolated孤立的,与人隔绝的;distinguished区别的,杰出的;different不同的;protected受到保护的
18.A.expositionB.parisonC.contrastD.interaction【答案】D
19.A.acquisitionB.appreciationC.requirementD.access【答案】A【解析】根据分析,本句中的“this”和“evenmorebasic”分别指代上句的“interactionwithotherhumanbeings”和“necessary”,此处所填词对应上文中的languagedevelopment也就是说,languageacquisition语言习得appreciation欣赏,感激;requirement要求;access入口,通路,路径
20.A.AsaresultB.AfterallC.InotherwordsD.Asawhole【答案】C【解析】本句功能是以另一种方式解释前文中的“imitativelearnedbehavior.模仿性的后天行为”inotherwords换言之,换句话说;asaresult结果是;afterall毕竟;asawhole总的来说,总体上看这些语言学家视语言为一种模仿的学习性行为也就是说,孩子通过模仿父母的语言来进行学习父母们通过鼓励准确的模仿和改正不正确的模仿,逐渐塑造了他们的孩子的语言技能
四、单句改错1.BeijingwasquitedifferentfromthatIhadexpected.___________答案that→what2.—Doestheyoungmanstandingtherehavepossessionofthepany—No.Thepanyisinpossessionofhisfather.___________答案in后加the3.Heisalwaysveryrudethatiswhypeopletendtoavoidhim.___________答案that→which4.Fortheonethingyoumustmakeapromise;foranotheryoushouldactatonce.___________答案去掉the5.Therewasatimewhenhehadnothingtodowanderingaimlessinthestreetalltheday.___________答案aimless→aimlessly
五、单元语法——虚拟语气Ⅰ1.2018·安徽马鞍山二中、安师大附中联考Hadtheweatherbeenmorefavorablethecrops___________growstillbetternow.答案would/might/couldgrow2.2018·湖南怀化模拟Sorry,Iamtoobusynow.IfI___________havetime,Iwouldcertainlygoforanoutingwithyou.答案had3.2018·天津七校联考Iwasillthatday;otherwiseI___________takepartinthesportsmeet.答案wouldhavetaken4.2018·江苏扬州中学月考He___________intendtoreturntodaybuthepostponedthetripduetotheunpleasantweather.答案hadintended5.2018·江苏启东中学阶段检测—I’vebeentoldJimmyisherewaitingforme.—Ifyou___________eearlieryouwouldhavemethim.Hejustlefthalfanhourago.答案hade。