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Unit13People阅读理解AFriendshipisoneofthebasicbondsbetweenhumanbeings.Whilethecharacteristicsoffriendshipmightvaryfromonecountrytoanotherpeoplefromallculturesnotonlyenjoyfriendsbutneedthem.Manystudieshaveshownthatteenagerswhohavenofriendsoftensufferfrompsychologicaldisorders.Ithasbeenshownthatteenagersperhapsmorethananyotheragegroupneedpanionshipandasenseofbelonging.Thenegativeconsequencesoflonelinesshavealsobeenobservedamongtheelderly.Thedeathofaspouseoftenleavesawidoworawidowertotallybereft.Ifhowevertheyaresurroundedbyfriendsandrelativesandiftheyareabletoexpresstheirfeelingstheyaremorelikelytorecoverfromtheirgrief.“Nomanisanisland.”Inotherwordsweareallpartsofsociety.Weallneedtheloveadmirationrespectandmoralsupportofotherpeople.Ifwearefortunateourfriendswillprovideuswithallofthesenecessaryaspectsoflife.Asmostpeopleobservetherearemanylevelsoffriendship.Thedegreeorintensityoffriendshipvariesdependingonthepersonalityoftheindividualsinvolvedandthecontextoftherelationships.Outgoingpersonsenjoybeingsurroundedbymanypeoplewhereasshypersonsareperhapscontentwithfewerbutmoreintensefriendships.Everyoneisnotequallyopenwithalltheirfriends.Thedegreeofclosenessisdeterminedbymanyfactors.Closefriendscanbeformedatanystageinone’slifebuttheyareusuallyveryrare.Notverymanypeoplehavemorethanafewreallyclosefriends.Regardlessofthelevelofclosenessallfriendshipsarebasedonreciprocity互惠honestyandacertainamountofloveandaffection.
1.WhoaremorelikelytosufferfrompsychologicaldisorderswithoutfriendsA.Teenagers.B.Adults.C.Theelderly.D.Acouple.
2.Whatdoesthesentence“Nomanisanisland”reallymeanA.Nomaniswillingtoliveonanisland.B.Manusuallydoesn’tgotoanislandC.Everyoneisrelatedwithoursociety.D.Oursocietyisjustlikeanisland.
3.WhatcanwelearnaboutoutgoingpeopleA.Theylikebeingalone.B.Theyarefondofmakingfriends.C.Theyhaveintensefriendships.D.Theyhavefewerclosefriendsindeed
4.WhatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkaboutA.Theformationofclosefriends.B.Thenumberofrealfriends.C.Honestyloveandaffection.D.Factorstodeterminethedegreeofcloseness.【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文主要讨论讲述的是友谊的重要性不论是青少年还是老年人,都需要朋友的陪伴没有人是孤立的,每个人都是社会的一部分,都需要他人的爱、陪伴和关心人人需要友谊,需要归属感
1.A【解析】细节理解题根据第二段首句“Manystudieshaveshownthatteenagerswhohavenofriendsoftensufferfrompsychologicaldisorders.”可知,没有朋友的青少年更可能遭受精神疾病故选A
3.B【解析】细节理解题根据倒数第二段尾句“Outgoingpersonsenjoybeingsurroundedbymanypeoplewhereasshypersonsareperhapscontentwithfewerbutmoreintensefriendships.”可在,外向的人喜欢交朋友故选B
4.D【解析】段落大意题通读最后一段可知,本段讲述亲密程度是由许多因素决定的,不管亲密程度如何,友谊都是建立在互惠,真诚,爱和情感的基础上的B2017·河北石家庄第一次模拟WhenIwasabouttenyearsoldIwaswalkingdownthestreetwithmymother.ShestoppedtospeaktoMr.LeeandIknewIcouldseeMr.LeeanytimearoundtheneighborhoodsoIdidn’tpayanyattentiontohim.AfterwepassedMr.Leemymotherstoppedmeandsaidsomethingthathasstuckwithmefromthatdayuntilnow.Shesaid,“Youletthatbethelasttimeyou’veeverwalkedbysomebodyandnotopenedupyourmouthtospeakbecauseevenadogwillwagitstailwhenitpassesyouonthestreet.”Mother’swordssoundsimplebutit’sbeenaguidepostformeandthefoundationofwhoIam.It’snotjustsomethingIbelievein;it’sbeeawayoflife.Ibelievethateverypersondeservestofeelsomeoneacknowledgetheirpresencenomatterhowhumble卑微的theymaybe.AtworkIalwayssaidhellotothefounderofthepanyandaskedhimhowourbusinesswasdoing.ButIalsospoketothepeoplewhocleanedthebuildingsandaskedhowtheirchildrenweredoing.AfterafewyearsofgreetingthefounderIhadthecouragetoaskhimforameeting.Wehadagreattalk.AtacertainpointIaskedhimhowfarhethoughtIcouldgoinhispany.Hesaid“Ifyouwanttoyoucangetallthewaytothisseat.”I’vebeevicepresidentbutthathasn’tchangedthewayIapproachpeople.Istillfollowmymother’sadvice.IspeaktoeveryoneIseenomatterwhereIam.I’velearnedthatspeakingtopeoplecreatesapathwayintotheirworldanditallowsthemtoeintominetoo.【解题导语】 作者小时候因为在路上没有给邻居打招呼而受到了母亲的批评母亲的话使作者悟出了主动与别人交流的重要性1.WhatdidtheauthordowhenhemetMr.LeeA.Hetalkedwithsomebodyelse.B.Hewasattractedbyadog.C.Hegreetedhimpolitely.D.Heignoredhim.D 解析细节理解题根据第一段的“soIdidn’tpayanyattentiontohim”可知,作者的母亲与邻居说话时,作者没有在意邻居,故选D2.Whatkindofpersonistheauthor’smotherA.Optimistic. B.Kindhearted.C.Strict.D.Openminded.C 解析推理判断题根据第一段的“Youletthatbethelasttimeyou’veeverwalkedbysomebody...becauseevenadogwillwagitstailwhenitpassesyouonthestreet.”可推知,母亲对作者很严格3.HowdidthepanyfounderreplytotheauthorA.Heplayedajoke.B.Heinspiredhim.C.Heinvitedhimtocoffee.D.Hegavehimtheseat.B 解析推理判断题根据第三段的“Ifyouwanttoyoucangetallthewaytothisseat.”可知,公司的创办人说如果作者想要在公司获得很大发展,他完全可以坐到创办人的位置,由此可推知,这位领导在鼓励作者4.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofsayinghellotopeopleA.Itcanbuildconnectionswithothers.B.It’sawaytoshowsympathytohumblepeople.C.It’samusttobeeapresident.D.Itcanbringhimwhathewants.A 解析推理判断题根据最后一段的“speakingtopeoplecreatesapathwayintotheirworldanditallowsthemtoeintominetoo”可知,向别人问候有助于建立人际关系,故选ACCareercriminalsbegintheirantisocialbehaviorduringtheirtoddler学步的儿童yearsandmaygoonwithalifeofcrimeiftheirbehaviorisn’tchallengedscientistshavediscovered.Whilemostchildrengrowoutoftheirbadbehaviorbyadulthoodastudyfoundthosewhohad“callousunemotional冷漠无情的characteristics”couldgrowuptohaveproblemswiththelawlaterinlife.Behaviorcharacteristicssuchasalackofsympathyandlyinginchildhoodcouldhaveanimpactyearson.LukeHydeassistantprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofMichigansaid“Thesearesignsforparentsanddoctorstowatchoutforastheymaysignalmorethanjusttheterribletwos.”Hesaid“Parentsbothtakecareoftheirchildandprovidetheirchild’sgenessoit’sbeendifficulttoknowifwe’reseeingthatparentingcausescallousunemotionalbehaviorsorifitisjustasignofthegenesbeingpassedtothechild.”Theresearchalsodiscoveredthatstrictparentingislinkedtothedevelopmentofantisocialbehavior.Scientistslookedat561familiesinanadoptionstudythatexaminedbiologicalmothers’antisocialbehavior.Thescientistsfoundchildrenofantisocialmotherswerealsomorelikelytoexhibitthesamebehaviorcharacteristicsdespitehavinglimitedornotouchwiththemastheywereadoptedasbabies.“Thereallyexcitingtake-homemessagefromthisstudyisthatsmallday-to-daypositiveinteractions互动thatparentshavewiththeiryoungchildrencanmakeahugedifferenceinchildren’sdevelopment’’saidLeslieLeveaprofessorattheUniversityofOregonwhoco-ledthedatacollection.“Evenwhenchildrenhaveinherited遗传averychallengingsetofbehaviorshearing‘goodjob’orreceivingencouragementcanhelpprotectthemfromdevelopingseriousproblemsingfromtheirinheriteddifficulties”headded.ThestudyworkedonbyscientistsfromtheUniversityofMichiganPennStateUniversityandtheUniversityofOregonhasbeenpublishedintheAmericanJournalofPsychiatry.Researcherswillfollowthegroupofchildrenthroughearlyadolescencetodetermineifthesebehaviorsstillcontinuetoexistfromthetoddleryears.
1.What’sthemainideaofthepassageA.Kids’socialbehaviorsarerelatedtocrime.B.Criminalsbegintheircrimesduringadolescence.C.Antisocialbehaviorsofkidscouldbeontheirwaytoalifeofcrime.D.Warmheartedkidsaremorelikelytobecriminalsinthefuture.
2.WhatconclusionmightthescientistsdrawfromthestudyA.Antisocialbehaviorsmightbeinherited.B.Thegenesdecidekids’antisocialbehaviors.C.Antisocialbehaviorshavenothingtodowithcrimes.D.Adoptedbabiessurelyhaveantisocialbehaviorswhentheygrowup.
3.WhatcanbeinferredfromthepassageA.Parentingisthemainreasonthatcauseskids’antisocialbehaviors.B.Whatcausescareercriminalstobegintheircrimesistheirparents’characteristics.C.LeslieLevehasadoubtfulattitudetoadoptivemothers’activeinteractionswithkids.D.Inheritedantisocialbehaviorsofkidscanbelightenedbypositiveparenting.
4.Whywillresearcherstrackkids’processofgrowingA.Tomakesureifkids’behaviorswilllast.B.Tomakesureifpraisewillchangekids.C.Todetermineifkids’behaviorswillbeinherited.D.Todetermineifparents’fortwillprotectkids.【文章大意】研究人员发现孩子的反社会行为有可能使他们走向犯罪的道路,积极的育儿方式可以减轻孩子的反社会行为
1.C【解析】主旨大意题根据文章内容,特别是第一段中的“Careercriminalsbegintheirantisocialbehaviorduringtheirtoddler yearsandmaygoonwithalifeofcrimeiftheirbehaviorisn’tchallengedscientistshavediscovered.”可知,本文主要介绍了孩子们的反社会行为有可能使他们走向犯罪的道路,故C项正确
3.D【解析】推理判断题根据第五段中的“Evenwhenchildrenhaveinherited遗传averychallengingsetofbehaviorshearing‘goodjob’orreceivingencouragementcanhelpprotectthemfromdevelopingseriousproblemsingfromtheirinheriteddifficulties”可知,积极的育儿教育可以减轻孩子遗传的反社会行为,故D项正确
4.A【解析】细节理解题根据最后一段中的“Researcherswillfollowthegroupofchildrenthroughearlyadolescencetodetermineifthesebehaviorsstillcontinuetoexistfromthetoddleryears.”可知,研究人员追踪孩子的成长过程是为了弄清楚孩子的反社会行为是否会持续下去,故A项正确D2017·辽宁沈阳一模WhengoingthroughmajorlifechangeslikechangingcareersIwouldchangethepeoplewithwhomIspentthemosttime.We’veallgonethroughperiodswhenthepeopleinourliveshavechanged—graduationmovingtoanewcitygettinganewjobjoininganewclubetc.Idon’tthinkIneedtoconvinceyoujusthowmuchinfluenceotherpeoplecanhaveoveryouridentity.Ifyou’veeverexperiencedamajorswitchinyourpeopleenvironmentthenyouknowthatyouchangeaswell.Mostpeopledon’tmakethesechoicesconsciously意识到地though.Youmightconsciouslydecidetospendmoretimewithacertainfriendoryoumayasksomeoneoutonadatetobeginanewrelationship.Butfewpeoplechoosetheirexistingfriendshipsdeliberately.There’s_no_“getting_rid_of_people”.Peoplearealwaysdroppingintoandoutofeachother’slives.Associationsgrowintofriendshipsandfriendshipsfadeintoassociations.Youdon’tgetridofanyone.Thetruthisthatinordertomakeroomfornewpeopleandnewexperiencesyoumayneedtoloosenupsomeofyourexistingconnections.Whataboutloyalty忠诚Shouldn’tyoualwaysbeloyaltoyourfriendsOnceyouhaveaclosefriendeveniftheirinfluenceonyouisslightlyharmfulshouldn’tyoustickbythemLoyaltytoafriendsometimesmeanshavingtoletgo.Itmeansbeingloyaltotheirhighestandbestselfaswell.Ifsomeoneisdestroyinghishealthbysmokingforexampleyouaren’tshowingloyaltybysmokingrightalongwithhim.Trueloyaltysometimesrequiresthatyoubreakdamagingconnectionsgetyourselfbackonsolidgroundandthendecidewhatyoucanreallydotohelpyourfriend.Itcantakealotofcouragetotellsomeone,“I’msorrybutIcan’thaveyouinmylifeanymore.”Buteventhoughthismightseemlikeaselfishactattimesit’softenthebestthingfortheotherpersontoo.Ifarelationshipisholdingyoubackinsomewayunderstandthatit’salsohurtingtheotherperson.Forexampleifyouworkforaviolentbossyouracceptanceofthatsituationisconsideredtobesilentapprovalencouragingyourbosstocontinuetobehaveviolently.1.Whenexperiencingmajorlifechangespeoplemay________.A.joinanewsocialmunityB.influencetheirfriendsaroundC.choosetheirfriendshipspurposelyD.havetheirpeopleenvironmentchangedD 解析细节理解题根据文章第一段的“Whengoingthroughmajorlifechanges...IwouldchangethepeoplewithwhomIspentthemosttime...experiencedamajorswitchinyourpeopleenvironment”可知,当经历人生重大改变时,人们也会经历人际环境的改变即D项正确2.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph3meanA.Everyonehasatleastonefriend.B.Itisunnecessarytomakenewfriends.C.Friendshipstillexiststhoughthere’slessconnection.D.Yououghttotreatyouroldandnewfriendequally.C 解析句意理解题根据画线句后的“Peoplearealwaysdroppingintoandoutofeachother’slives.Associationsgrowintofriendshipsandfriendshipsfadeintoassociations.Youdon’tgetridofanyone...youmayneedto...existingconnections.”可知,尽管人们之间的联系少了,但友谊依然存在故选C项3.Whatistheauthor’sopinionontheloyaltytofriendsA.Neverbetrayyourclosefriendswhateverhappens.B.Correcttheirmistakeswhileyouguardtheirgoodness.C.Stickbyyourfriendseventhoughtheydoharmtoyou.D.Breakupwithyourfriendsimmediatelyiftheysmoke.B 解析推理判断题根据文章倒数第二段的第二句和最后一句可知,作者对朋友忠诚的态度是捍卫他们的优点但也要纠正错误,即B项正确4.HowshouldwebehavewhenemployedbyaviolentbossA.Weshouldacceptwhatwearetoldtodo.B.Weshouldstaysilentandbeinfavorofit.C.Weshouldbravelydisobeyhimifheiswrong.D.Weshouldgiveourbosscouragetocontinue.C 解析推理判断题根据最后一段的“youracceptanceofthatsituationisconsideredtobesilentapprovalencouragingyourbosstocontinuetobehaveviolently”可知,如果老板错了,员工就要勇敢地不去服从,即C项正确七选五AloneButNotLonely2017·广州综合测试Intoday’sfastpacedsocietywe’vebeeunfortablewithsilence.Wetrytofinddifferenttypesofactivitiesthatcanhelpusescapefeelingsoflazinessorboredom.
1.________Solitude独处doesnothavetobeunfortableorlonely.Infactsolitudeandlonelinessareverydifferentthings.Thedeathofalovedoneortheinabilitytofindpeoplewhounderstandyoucanleaveyoufeelinglonely.Evenifyouaresurroundedbyotherpeopleit’snaturaltoexperienceanemptinesswhilelongingforloveoracceptance.
2.________GeoffreyF.Fisheroncesaid,“Incitiesnooneisquietbutmanyarelonely.
3.________”Weoftenfilllonelinesswithalltypesofunsatisfyingactivities.YoungpeoplewouldratherspendaFridaynightoutwithstrangersthanspendthenightalone.They’relookingforawaytokilltimewhiletheyawaittruefriendship.Thenthereareyoungadultsingangswheretheydon’treallyliketheirpanions.
4.________WhydoesbeingalonescareusDonotbeafraidofsilence.
5.________Itteachesyouhowtotrulylisten.Itteachesyoutopayattentiontowhat’sgoingoninsideofyou.Onlywhenwearealonecanwehavethespaceandpeaceweneedtothinkwithoutbeingoutwardlyinfluenced.Itthereforebeeseasiertomakeimportantdecisionsaswellastoreflectonhowwearefeeling.A.Lonelinessisthereforeafeelingthatcanbeexperiencedwhetherornotoneisphysicallyalone.B.Theywouldratherfeelacceptedonashallowlevelthanriskfeelingalone.C.Theproblemoflonelinesscanbeeasilysolvedinamodernworld.D.Butwhendoingsothemainthingwearetryingtoavoidisloneliness.E.Inthecountrypeoplearequietbutfewarelonely.F.Itcanprovideyouwithamazingbenefits.G.Itguidesyouthroughhardships.【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文在当今快节奏的社会中,我们无法在安静中做到平静但是,独处并不意味着孤独独处自有它的魅力1.D 解析根据上文可知,在当今快节奏的社会,我们设法参加各种活动以摆脱懒散和无聊根据下文可知,独处不一定就是不舒服抑或孤独,事实上它和孤独是两回事D项“但当这样去做时,我们试图避免的主要问题就是孤独”与上下文紧密联系,说的是上述各种摆脱懒散和无聊的活动其实是为了逃脱孤独故D项正确2.A 解析根据上文可知,在你渴望爱与接受时,即使你周围有很多人,你也会感到空虚A项“因此孤独是一种感觉,无论一个人是否是独自一人都能体会到这种感觉”是对上文孤独含义的阐述故A项正确3.E 解析根据GeoffreyF.Fisher所说的话可知,此处是把城市和乡村里人们对孤独的感受进行对比E项“在农村,人们很安静,但是没几个人感觉孤独”符合语境故E项正确4.B 解析根据上文可知,年轻人宁愿和陌生人一起也不愿独自待一个晚上他们寻找消磨时间的方式,同时也渴望真正的友谊因此年轻人在一起拉帮结派,但并不喜欢自己的伙伴根据下文可知,为什么独处让我们这样害怕呢?由此可知,B项“他们宁愿从表面上被人接受也不愿冒感觉孤独的风险”与上下文紧密联系故B项正确5.F 解析根据上文可知,不要害怕沉默,下文讲到沉默的种种好处由此可知,F项“它能给你带来令人惊叹的好处”能引起下文,符合语境故F项正确Ⅲ、七选五BuildingTrustinaRelationshipAgainTrustisalearnedbehaviorthatwegainfrompastexperiences. 1 Trustisarisk.Butyoucan’tbesuccessfulwhenthere’salackoftrustinarelationshipthatresultsfromanactionwherethewrongdoertakesnoresponsibilitytofixthemistake.Unfortunatelywe’veallbeenvictimsofbetrayal.Whetherwe’vebeenstolenfromliedtomisledorcheatedontherearedifferentlevelsoflosingtrust.Sometimespeoplesimplycan’ttrustanymore. 2 It’sunderstandablebutifyou’rewillingtobuildtrustinarelationshipagainwehavesomestepsyoucantaketogetyouthere.• 3 Havingconfidenceinyourselfwillhelpyoumakebetterchoicesbecauseyoucanseewhatthebestoutewouldbeforyourwell-being.• 4 Ifyou’vebeenbetrayedyouarethevictimofyourcircumstance.Butthere’sadifferencebetweenbeingavictimandlivingwitha"victimmentality".Atsomepointinallofourliveswe’llhaveourtrusttestedorviolated.•Youdidn’tlose"everything".OncetrustislostwhatisleftInsteadoflookingatthesituationfromthishopelessanglelookateverythingyoustillhaveandbethankfulforallofthegoodinyourlife. 5 Insteadit’sahealthywaytoworkthroughtheexperiencetoallowroomforpositivegrowthandforgiveness.A.Learntoreallytrustyourself.B.Itisputtingconfidenceinsomeone.C.Stopregardingyourselfasthevictim.D.Rememberthatyoucanexpectthebestinreturn.E.They’vebeentoobadlyhurtandtheycan’tbeartoletithappenagain.F.Thisknowledgecarriesoverintheirattitudetowardtheirfuturerelationships.G.Seeingthepositivesideofthingsdoesn’tmeanyou’reignoringwhathappened.【语篇解读】文章主要讲述了人们一旦失去了信任,如何再次建立信任
1.B【解析】根据上句"信任是我们从过去的经历中获取的一种行为"和下句"信任是一种冒险"可知,此空填B,本句是对第一句话的进一步解释"信任是信赖某人"
2.E【解析】上句"有时,人们简直无法再信任别人了";下句"这是可以理解的",由此可推测本句应是解释人们无法信任某人的原因故填E
3.A【解析】由下句"对自己有信心能帮助你做出更好的选择"可知,前一句应是"学会真正信任自己",故填A
4.C【解析】由本段最后一句"在我们生活中的某些时候,我们的信任会被检验或打破"可知,此处应填C,意为"不要认为自己是个受害者"
5.G【解析】副词"Instead"表示转折可推测这里应是"看到事物积极的一面并不意味着你无视已经发生的事"故填G。