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Unit15Learning阅读理解AAgingbringswrinklessaggingbodiesandfrustratingforgetfulness.Butgettingolderisnotallbadformanypeople.Mountingevidencesuggestsagingmaybeakeytohappiness.Thereisconflictingresearchonthesubjecthoweverandexpertssayitmayallboildowntothis:Attitudeiseverything.Olderadultstendtobemoreoptimisticandhaveamorepositiveoutlookonlifethantheiryoungerandstressedopposites.Thebigquestioniswhyseniorsarehappier.Arecentstudysuggestsonereason:Olderadultsrememberthepastthroughhappymemories.Agingcanbringmorecheeraspeoplebeemorefortablewiththemselvesandtheirrolesinsociety.Theolderadultssaidtheywereenjoyingmoretimewiththeirfamilyspendingmoretimeonhobbiesandhavinggreaterfinancialsecurityanddidnothavetowork.Butothersaredoubtfulaboutthelinkbetweenhappinessandgrowingolder.ThenotionthatthoseinoldagearehappiestismisleadingsaidRichardEasterlinaprofessorofeconomicsattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia.Itisbasedonparingpeopleofdifferentageswhoarethesameintermsofinehealthfamilylife.EasterlinaddedWhenyoutakeaccountofthefactthatolderpeoplehavelowerinethanyoungerarelesshealthyandmorelikelytobelivingalonethenyouwillfindithardtoacceptthattheyarehappier.Infactscientistshavefoundthataspeopleagetheirhealthdeclinesandsocialnetworksdisappearastheirfriendsdiewhichcanmaketheelderlylesshappy.Evenifonedoesgiveintoagesdarksidehealthandhappinessdontalwaysgohand-in-hand.Itsallaboutattitude.ResearchbytheUniversityofChicago’sYangsuggeststhatattitudeaboutlifeandhappinessispartlyshapedbytheerainwhichapersonwasborn.Itturnsoutthatindividualswhoadaptthebesttochangesalsohavethehighestexpectedlevelsofhappiness.Despitetheconflictingfindingsaboutagingandhappinessthegoodnewsisthattheredoesn’tappeartobealimittohowmuchhappinessonecanachieveinone’slife.“Mostpeopledesirehappiness”Easterlinsaid.“Tomyknowledgenoonehasidentifiedalimittoattainablehappiness.”
1.WhatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytellusA.Thekeyfactortoolderadults’happinessB.ThereisaconflictbetweenagingandhappinessC.Noonecandefinethelimittohappiness.D.Therelationshipbetweenhealthandhappiness.
2.WhyaresomeseniorshappieraccordingtosomeexpertsA.Theyfocusonwhatmakesthemfeelgood.B.Theyhavetheirowncircleoffriends.C.Theyhavebetterineafterretirement.
3.WhatcanwelearnfromthepassageA.Peopleofthesameagehavethesamesenseofhappiness.B.Attitudemayplayaveryimportantroleinhappiness.C.Peoplewhoadaptthebesttochangesaremorelikelytobeunhappy.D.Olderadultswhohavemorevaluablelifeexperiencearemoreoptimistic.
4.What’sthetopicdiscussedinthepassageA.Whetheragingorattitudebringshappiness.B.Whyseniorsadaptthebesttochangesinsociety.C.Whatthelimittoanelderperson’shappinessis.D.Howolderpeoplefeelparedwithyoungerpeople.【文章大意】随着年龄的增加变老,人们的幸福感也是不一样的一些人认为老年人会更幸福些,而另一部分分则持有相反的观点无论如何,幸福的关键在于一个人对生活的态度
1.C【解析】推理判断题根据此段中“thegoodnewsisthattheredoesn’tappeartobealimittohowmuchhappinessonecanachieveinone’slife…noonehasidentifiedalimittoattainablehappiness.”可知,幸福是没有标准和限度的故选C
3.B【解析】推理判断题根据文章倒数第二段中“Itsallaboutattitude.ResearchbytheUniversityofChicago’sYangsuggeststhatattitudeaboutlifeandhappinessispartlyshapedbytheerainwhichapersonwasborn.Itturnsoutthatindividualswhoadaptthebesttochangesalsohavethehighestexpectedlevelsofhappiness.”可知,人们对生活和幸福的感觉主要取决于一个人的态度故选BB2017·东北三省四市模拟It’safamiliarfeeling.YourfriendhasmadetheteamforSaturday’sbiggameandyoutakecertainpleasureintellinghimyoucan’tbetheretowatchhimplay.YousmilebutthatvoiceinyouaskswhyhimandnotyouEnvyisafaultthatweliketokeepsecret.Itraisesitsuglyheadwhenwefocusonwhatwewantbutdon’tpossessnoworwemayevenwishforandtakepleasureinsomeonelosingit.Feelingsofunfairnessarepartofbeinghumanbutwhenyoufocusonthemyoucannevergetoutofyourdarkemotions.Andthatmakesyoufeelbad.SoisthereasolutionIsthereanythingyoucandotostopthemostungenerousemotionsWellwhynotturnenvyonitsheadandmakeittheencouragementyouneedforselfimprovementThebestweaponagainstenvyisnottopetewhereyoucan’tshinebuttodoyourabsolutebestwhereyoucan.Startbymakingpeacewithyourselfandacceptthegiftswhichmakeyouunique.Makeanagreementwithyourselftobethebestyoucanbe.Thenfindoutexactlythecircumstancesandqualitiesinothersthatstartyourenvy.Isitsomeone’ssingingvoicetheirworkpromotionortheirnewcarEnvyshowsusthethingswe’dliketohavesomakeaplantoearnwhat’simportanttoyou.Signupforanightclass.Startatrainingprogram.Giveupatreatortwoandstartsavingforwhatyouwant.Andaimforrealpleasureintheachievementsandgoodfortuneofothers.Cheeronyourfriendwhenhescoresthatgoal.Enjoyyourbestfriend’sweddingday.Thengooutanddosomethingspecialandmakeyouwonderfullyproudofyourself.【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文忌妒会给人带来不良情绪本文作者提出应对忌妒的最好方法就是将自己的强项发挥到极致,为自己感到骄傲,同时也为别人取得的成功而快乐1.Thefirstparagraphismeantto________.A.giveexamplesB.tellthemainideaC.introducethetopicD.askthequestionC 解析推理判断题作者在文章第一段举出一个让人感觉忌妒的例子是为了引出话题,即如何应对忌妒给人带来的不良影响,因此选C2.Whenenvyappearsweactually________.A.ignoreitsexistenceB.havefeelingsofunfairnessC.shareitwithfriendsD.losesomethingofourownB 解析细节理解题根据第二段中的“Feelingsofunfairnessarepartofbeinghuman”可知,忌妒感出现时,我们确实感到不公平,觉得为什么别人可以拥有,自己却没有,因此选B3.WhatisthebestwaytohelpstopenvyA.Developingyourownstrengthtothefull.B.petingforwhatyouarenotgoodat.C.Forgettingaboutthethingsyoucan’tget.D.Tryingtogetanythingthatmakesyouenvy.A 解析细节理解题根据第四段的“Thebestweaponagainstenvyisnottopetewhereyoucan’tshinebuttodoyourabsolutebestwhereyoucan.”可知,停止忌妒的最好方法就是将自己的强项发挥到极致,因此选A4.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardspeoplewithenvyA.Subjective.B.Objective.C.Unconcerned.D.Worried.B 解析观点态度题作者客观地介绍了忌妒给人带来的消极影响,并提出了应对忌妒、使人过得快乐的有效方法,因此选择Bsubjective“主观的”;objective“客观的”;unconcerned“不关心的”;worried“担心的”CWithautumnonthehorizontheseason’sfirstOscarpetitorsarehere.Already theHollywoodReporterhaspredictedthattheoften-snubbed冷落的LeonardoDiCapriocouldwin.Althoughbeforewegetsweptupinpredictionsit’snicetorememberthatlittlegoldmenarenotthereasonwelovethemovies.Theyshouldn’tbetheprimaryreasonforactinginthemeither.BillMurrayknowsthisfirsthand.Murraywaspositionedtowinhisfirst-everOscarAcademyAwardfor 2004’s“LostinTranslation”buthelostittoSeanPenn.YearslaterMurray explainedhowhetookthedefeatinstride从容应对andhiswordsshouldactasablueprintforanyonewhohasfailed:“Iwentthroughitoncebeforeandit’snicetogetnominatedandwinsomeprizes.Yougettogotodinnersandtelllittlestoriesandsoforth.Thenyougettogetdressedup.AndthenyougettobeonTVwhichissweet.Andyoucaneitherwinorlose.Wellyou’renotsupposedtosay‘lose’whenyoutalkabouttheOscar.Youaresupposedtosay‘notchosen’.ButIlaterrealizedthatIhadgottenalittlecaughtupinthepossibilityofwinning.Soshameonmyselfforgettingcaughtinit.ButIwonalotoftheprizesforLostinTranslation.SoIthoughtitdidn’tseemunnaturaltoexpectthatIwouldberewardedjustonemoretime.Sowhenitdidn’thappenIthought‘Wellthat’skindoffunny.’Buttogetprizesisnotwhyyouwork.”Murrayisn’taloneinthosefeelings.NomentionofactorswithoutOscarswouldbepletewithoutrecognitionofLeonardoDiCapriowhosaid“Idon’tthinkIeverexpectedanythinglikeanOscarevertotellyouthetruth.ThatisnotmymotivationwhenIdotheseroles.IreallyammotivatedbybeingabletoworkwithgreatpeopleandcreateabodyofworkthatIcanlookbackandbeproudof.”PerhapsneitherMurraynorDiCapriowilleverbeintroducedasanAcademyAward-winningactorbutwinninganOscarforactingshouldn’tbethepoint.HerearesomeotheramazingactorswhoneverwonanOscarevenifyouthinktheydid:JulianneMooreBradPittJohnnyDeppTomCruiseHarrisonFordWillSmith.Andtheyhaveproved that countlesstimesbefore.
1.WecanlearnaboutBillMurrayfromthepassagethat_________.A.hefeltashamedthathedidn’twintheOscar.B.heneverexpectedhimselftowintheOscar.C.hehadalreadywonmanyotherawardsbeforehefailedinOscar.D.heisthefirstactorwhohadbeenpredictedtowintheOscarbutfailed.
2.LeonardDiCaprioismotivatedtoactdifferentrolesbecause_________A.hewantstowintheOscar.B.hecancooperatewithgreatpeople.C.hewantsotherstotakeprideinhim.D.heisnottheonlyactorwhohasn’twontheOscar.
3.Theunderlinedword“that”inthelastparagraphrefersto“_________”.A.NeitherMurraynorDiCapriowillwonanOscar.B.WinninganOscarforactingshouldn’tbethepoint.C.SomeamazingactorshaveneverwonanOscar.D.YouthinkthatsomeactorsshouldhavewonanOscar.
4.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetoLeonardo’sideaonwinninganOscarA.Approving.B.CriticalC.Indifferent.D.Neutral.【文章大意】本文主要介绍了落选奥斯卡奖的比尔默里和莱昂纳多对奥斯卡奖的看法
1.C【解析】细节理解题根据第三段中的“ButIwonalotoftheprizesforLostinTranslation.”可知,在落选奥斯卡之前,比尔默里已经赢得了很多其他奖项
3.B【解析】词义猜测题根据画线词前的“butwinninganOscarforactingshouldn’tbethepoint.”可知,此处的that指代的就是winninganOscarforactingshouldn’tbethepoint
4.A【解析】观点态度题根据最后一段中的“PerhapsneitherMurraynorDiCapriowilleverbeintroducedasanAcademyAward-winningactorbutwinninganOscarforactingshouldn’tbethepoint.”可知,作者对莱昂纳多关于赢得奥斯卡的态度是支持的D2017·云南二检Inasciencefictionfuturewe’llarriveatthehotelinourdriverlesstaxi,checkinatthereceptiondeskstaffedbyandroidsandthenfollowtherobotporter行李员asitcarriesourbagstoourroom.Howeverthisisalreadyasciencefact.Robotsarealreadyworkinginsomehotels—theHennnaHotelinSasebo,Japanismannedentirelybymachines.InaMarriotthotelinGhentBelgiumahumanoidrobotnamedMariohasbeenworkingsinceJune
2015.Hewelesguestsin19languages.Anotherrobothasjusttakenupaconcierge接待员positionataHiltonMcLeanhotelinVirginia.SotheriseofthehotelmachinesseemsunstoppablebutwillguestsreallywanttostayinrobotrunhotelsAndwilliteatthecostofhumaninteractionandhumanjobsU.S.onlinebookingpanyTravelzoogatheredsomestatistics.Ofthe6,000travelerssurveyedgloballynearlytwothirdssaidthey’dbefortablewiththeideaofbeinglookedafterbymachines.RichardSingerTravelzoo’sEuropeanpresidentsayshewelesthedaywhenappsandmachineswillgetusfromlobbies大堂torooms.Buthowtostoparobotstealingyourjob“Alotofjobsconsiderednonautomatableinthepastarenowautomatable,”saidCarlBenediktFreyfromUniversityofOxfordanexpertontechnologyandemployment.ButFreysaysit’sstilltooearlytosaywhateffectrobotswillhaveonemploymentlevels.Inotherwordseventhoughrobotsmaysoonbecheckingusinthat’snoexcuseforustobeout.【解题导语】 在宾馆服务的机器人以往只出现在科幻小说中,而如今这种机器人已经存在于现实生活中这种机器人的服务被大部分顾客所接受1.Threehotelsarementionedinthetexttoshowthat________.A.robotsarealreadyworkinginhotelsinrealityB.manymonjobscanbedonebyrobotsC.robotscanreallyhelppeoplecheckintohotelsD.therearenowsomerestaurantsrunbyrobotsA 解析写作意图题根据第三段的“Robotsarealreadyworkinginsomehotels”并结合文中介绍的三个由机器人提供服务的宾馆可以判断,文中提及这三个宾馆是为了说明在现实中,机器人已经在宾馆工作了,故A项正确2.ThepanyTravelzoofoundoutthat________.A.robotswillputhotelemployeesoutofworkB.robotsstillhavealongwaytogotoreplacehumansC.thehotelrobotsaremostlywellreceivedD.somehoteljobscanbeautomatableC 解析推理判断题根据第七段的“nearlytwothirdssaidthey’dbefortablewiththeideaofbeinglookedafterbymachines”可知,有近三分之二的客户认为由机器人照顾他们是自在的;据此可知,Travelzoo公司的调查结果是宾馆机器人得到了大部分顾客的好评,故C项正确3.WhatisRichardSinger’sattitudetowardsusingrobotsinhotelsA.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.Negative.D.Cautious.B 解析推理判断题根据第八段“RichardSinger...sayshewelesthedaywhenappsandmachineswillgetusfromlobbies大堂torooms.”可知,RichardSinger欢迎机器人取代人的工作;据此可以判断,RichardSinger对宾馆机器人持积极的态度,故B项正确4.WhichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthetextA.JapanOpensWorld’sFirstRobotHotelB.OurNextHotelWillBeStaffedbyRobotsC.HowtopetewithRobotsforaJobD.HowGuestsReacttoRobotServiceB 解析标题归纳题通读全文可知,本文首段通过介绍科幻小说中提及的在宾馆服务的机器人来引出本文的话题;接着介绍在现实生活中已经有三个宾馆使用了机器人;最后介绍对宾馆机器人服务的评价及其优点;据此可以判断,B项最适合作本文标题七选五2017·河北石家庄一模HowtoAvoidanInternetAddictionWhileitmayseemlikeeveryonesurfsthewebthesedays,thereisafinelinebetweencasuallycheckingyoursocialmediapagesandhavingafullblownInternetaddiction.IfyoufearthatyoumayloseinterestinotheraspectsofyourlifebecauseyouprefertobeontheInternetyoumaybeonyourwaytoanInternetaddiction.
1.________Admityouareatriskofanaddiction.MoreandmorepeopleintheworldarebeingaddictedtotheInternet.Youarenottheonlyonewiththisproblemanditisbeingmoreandmoremonandmoreandmorewellknown.
2.________Setasidelimitedtimeforputeruse.Makesurenottoturnitontoomanytimesaweek.Ifyouhavealaptopmakesuretoputitsomewherethatyoucanrememberbutnotsomewherethatyouseeeveryday.Trykeepingthelidclosedwhenyouarenotusingit.
3.________IfyouhaveadesktopPCtrynottogonearitorputsomethingoveritlikeasheet.Callpeopleinsteadofsendinginstantmessagesortexts.Ifyouarefreeonweekendscallfriendsandaskthemtogooutside.Thiswilldistractyoufromtheputer.
4.________ Useanalarmclockortimer.Beforeusingyourputerdecideonatimelimitsuchas30minutes.Settheclockortimerandmakesurethatyougetofftheputerwhenthetimeisup.Alternativelycreateashutdowntimeronyourdesktop.
5.________A.Makeasmalllistofwhatyouwanttodowithinthattime.B.Whentheputerisnotlookingatyouyouarelesslikelytouseit.C.Thiscanbeprogrammedtoshutdownyourputerafterthesettime.D.Luckilytherearewaystoavoidlivingyourlifeinfrontoftheputer.E.ThiswillstopyoufromusingtheInternetsooftenorgoingontoanotherpage.F.Ifyouhaveaproblemonweekdaysphoneyourfriendsoraskforhelpinperson.G.Donotbeembarrassed;findotherswiththesameproblemandhelpeachotherbeatit.【解题导语】 网瘾会给人们的生活带来很大的影响,本文就如何避免网瘾提出了建议1.D 解析上文谈到网瘾会导致你对生活的其他方面失去兴趣,下文的几条建议则是有关如何避免网瘾的,D项对全文起着承上启下的作用2.G 解析本段的主旨是“Admityouareatriskofanaddiction.”,再结合本段讲述的“越来越多的人有网瘾,这是一个普遍现象”可知,选G项“不要觉得不好意思,找到和你一样有网瘾的人,互相帮助去战胜网瘾”3.B 解析根据空前的“Trykeepingthelidclosedwhenyouarenotusingit.”可知,作者建议你不用电脑时,把它合上,故选B项“看不到电脑时,你用它的可能性就小”4.F 解析本段的主题是“给朋友打电话而不是在网上发信息”,上文的“callfriendsandaskthemtogooutside”与F项中的“phoneyourfriendsoraskforhelpinperson”,还有上文的“onweekends”与F项中的“onweekdays”前后呼应5.C 解析本段的主题是“Useanalarmclockortimer.”,作者建议使用闹钟或定时器来限制上网的时间,空前的“shutdowntimer”与C项中的“shutdownyourputerafterthesettime”相对应Ⅲ、七选五WaystogetridofjealousyJealousyislikeapoison.Itisdifficulttoavoidsuchmomentsinlife.Sometimesthisfeelingesfromthesensationofenvythatwetendtoexperiencewhenwenoticeothers"better"livesappearancessuccessesandsoon. 1 .Itcanruinrelationshipsfriendshipsaswellasasenseofsatisfaction.Herearesometipstohelpgetridofjealousy.Beconfident.Notallofusarebornwithconfidence.Ittakesyearsofpracticetofindself-assurance.Followthe‘fakeittillyoumakesit’smethod. 2 Daybydayconfidenceforms.Ifyoufeelconfidentinyourselfyouarelesslikelytofeelinferiortoothers.Don’tpareyourself.parisonisthemostsignificantaspectofjealousy.Ifyouareabletoavoidparingyourselftoothersyouwillexperienceanew-foundsenseoffreedom.Agoodwaytojudgethisisbyvaluingimperfection. 3 Weareallconstantlygrowingandimprovingthroughoutourliveswhichisvalueinfailure. 4 Whenyouarefeelingupsetremindyourselfofyourpositivequalities.Reflectingonwhatyoudowellputsyourlifeintoperspectivewhichisalwaysaplus!Apositivespincanbeplacedonalmostanythingthatyoumayseeasanegativeevent.Thereisalwaysawaytofindapositiveangle.Makeahealthychange.Mostofuswishtochangeespeciallyfacedwithsomethingthatweareforcedtoaccept.Howevermostofthethingsthatpeopletendtofeeljealousaboutcaninfactchangeinahealthyway.Ifyoufeeljealousofsomeoneelse’sacplishmentsuseitasmotivationtoworkhardertoachieveyourowngoals.Justrememberifthechangeyouwanttomakeishealthygoforit. 5 A.Actpositively.B.Thinkpositively.C.Jealousyislikeasnake.D.Jealousyhasthepotentialtokillhappiness.E.Usethefeelingsofjealousyasmotivationtoimproveyourself.F.Ifyoutakeitasapartofyourroutineitwillgraduallybeenaturaltoyou.G.Useyourweaknessasalearningexperienceratherthanasachancetomakeyoufeelbad.【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了嫉妒对人们的危害,并给人们提出了摆脱嫉妒的三点建议
1.D【解析】根据前文的"Jealousyislikeapoison."及空后的"Itcanruinrelationshipsfriendshipsaswellasasenseofsatisfaction."可知嫉妒就像毒药,它会毁掉关系、友谊和满足感,故此处应指嫉妒有扼杀幸福的潜在力量故选D
3.G【解析】根据前文的"Agoodwaytojudgethisisbyvaluingimperfection."(通过重视不完美是一个很好的方法)及空后"Weareallconstantlygrowingandimprovingthroughoutourliveswhichisvalueinfailure."(整个一生中,我们都在不断地成长和改进,这也正是失败的价值所在)可知此处应指我们应该把我们的不足当成一种学习的经历,而不是让它成为让我们感觉糟糕的因素故选G
4.B【解析】根据段落中的"Whenyouarefeelingupsetremindyourselfofyourpositivequalities.Reflectingonwhatyoudowell…"(当你感觉郁闷时,让自己想一想自己身上积极的品质回忆一下你擅长的事情……)可知,本段的主题应是思想要积极故选B
5.E【解析】根据前文的"Ifyoufeeljealousofsomeoneelse’sacplishmentsuseitasmotivationtoworkhardertoachieveyourowngoals.Justrememberifthechangeyouwanttomakeishealthygoforit."(如果你对别人的成绩感到嫉妒时,要把它作为更加努力地工作去实现自己目标的动力只要记住,如果你想要的改变是健康的,那就去做它)可知,此处应指我们应该把嫉妒感当成自我发展的动力故选E。