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Unit7TheSea阅读理解AVinegarmakessaladfriesanddumplingstastebetterandyoucanevenuseittocleanyourwindows.Andnowaccordingtoscientistsitmayeventheplanet’spopulationsurviveclimatechange.ResearchersfromtheRIKENCenterforSustainableResourceScienceCSRSinJapanfoundthatgrowingplantsinvinegarmakesthemmoreresistanttodroughts.Thiscouldmeanthatinthefutureworriesaboutclimatechangeaffectingtheworld’ssupplyoffoodwillbemuchlower.ThediscoverywasmadeaftertheresearchersstudiedtheArabidopsisaplantknownforitsabilitytosurviveindryweather.Itwasfoundthatwhentheplantwasplacedindrought-likeconditionsitproducedachemicalcalledacetate(醋酸盐)—themainponentofvinegar.Afterdiscoveringthisthescientistsexperimentedfurtherbyaddingacetatetothesoilofotherplantsbeforetheystoppedgivingthemwaterpletely.Afterleavingtheplantsfor14daystheyfoundthattheonestreatedwithacetatehadsurvivedwhiletheuntreatedplantshaddriedupanddied.It’shopedthatthissimplemethodofsurvivalcouldsoonbeusedtohelpfarmersindrycountrieskeeptheircropsalive.Intheexperimentwetargetedthestaplefoodsoftheworld—ricewheatandmaize—andthebasicplantofbreedingspeciesrapeseed(油菜籽)JongMyongKimco-authorofthestudytoldPopularSciencemagazine.Kimalsotoldthemagazinehe’salreadybeenintouchwithpeopleallovertheworldwhoareinterestedintryingthissimpleandcost-effectivemethodoutforthemselvesfromflowergrowingpaniestoamateurgardeners.Althoughatthispointkeepingthirstyplantsaliveisn’taseasyasjustpouringvinegaroverthemKimsaidheandhisteamareworkingonmakingtheprocessassimpleaspossible.Nowwearetryingtocooperatewithsomefarmersandalsosomepaniestomakeamethodtoapplythissystemhesaid.Andforthoseofuswhoalwaysforgettoaskourneighborstowaterourplantswhenwegoawayhopefullythismeanstheendofreturninghomefromatriptofindourfavoriteflowershavedied.
1.WhatisthearticlemainlyaboutA.Theworld’sfoodsupplywillbeincreased.B.Plantsbettersurvivedroughts.C.TheArabidopsisisresistanttodroughts.D.Vinegarcouldbeusedtofightdroughts.
2.Itwasdiscoveredthatacetatecan.A.beusedbyfarmerstoreplacesoilB.onlybeproducedbytheArabidopsisC.helpplantssurvivedryconditionsD.beusedtoimprovepoorsoil
3.WhatarethetargetplantsoftheexperimentA.allbreedingspecies.B.wheatandArabidopisis.C.riceandmaize.D.rapeseedandArabidopisis.
4.JongMyongKim’sexperimentoftryingoutthemethod.A.canmakepeople’stripspleasantB.turnedoutaworldwidesuccessC.isassimpleaspouringvinegarovertheplantsD.appealstomanyflowergrowingpanies【文章大意】本文属于科普类文章醋不仅使食物味道更好,还可以用它来清洁你的窗户研究发现醋中生长的植物,使它们更耐干旱
1.D【解析】主旨大意题通读全文可知本文主要讲述了醋能让植物在干旱的环境中生存,即能抗击干旱,故选D
3.C【解析】细节理解题根据第四段中的“Intheexperimentwetargetedthestaplefoodsoftheworld—ricewheatandmaize—andthebasicplantofbreedingspeciesrapeseed”可知在实验中,主要针对大米,小麦和玉米等故选C
4.D【解析】推理判断题根据最后一段中的第一句“Kim…he’salreadybeenintouchwithpeopleallovertheworldwhoareinterestedintryingthissimpleandcost-effectivemethodoutforthemselvesfromflowergrowingpaniestoamateurgardeners”分析本句可知Kim已与对此感兴趣的花卉种植公司联系,也就是吸引这些公司故选DB2017·湖南省东部六校高三联考Childrencanspendhoursadaylookingatputerscreensandotherdigitaldevices.Someeyedoctorssaythisleadstoanincreasein“putervisionsyndrome电脑视力综合症”.NathanBonillaWarfordisanoptometrist验光师inTampaFlorida.Hehasseenanincreaseinproblemsinchildren.“Alotmorechildreneintotheofficeeitherbecausetheirparentshavenoticedthattheyhaveheadachesorredorwateryeyesordisfortorbecausetheirnearsightednessappearstobeincreasingandthey’reworried,”hesays.Dr.BonillaWarfordsayspartoftheproblemisthatchildrenmaybemorelikelytopaynoattentiontoearlywarningsignsthanadults.“Eveniftheireyesstarttofeelunfortableortheystarttogetaheadachethey’relesslikelytotelltheirparentsbecausetheydon’twanttohavethegameortheputerorwhatevertakenaway,”heexplains.Hesaysanotherpartoftheproblemisthatpeopleblink眨眼lessoftenwhentheyusedigitaldevices.Hesays“Apersonwhousesanelectronicdeviceblinksaboutonethirdasmuchaswenormallydoineverydaylife.Andthatcanresultinthefrontpartoftheeyedryingandnotstayingprotectedlikenormal.”Eyedoctorsoffersuggestionslikethefollowingwhichisknownasthe20/20/20rule.Thatmeanseverytwentyminuteslookawaytwentyfeetormoreforatleasttwentysecondsfromwhateverdeviceyou’reusing.Othersuggestionsincludeputtingmoredistancebetweenyouandthedeviceandusinggoodlighting.Ofcourseanotherwayistospendlesstimelookingatscreens.Manyexpertssaychildrenshouldspendnomorethantwohoursadayusingdigitaldevices—withnoscreentimeforchildrenundertwo.Butnotalleyedoctorshavenoticedanincreaseinproblemsinchildren.Dr.DavidHunterfromBostonChildren’sHospitalhasnotseenanincreaseinhispractice.“Whileitispossibletodevelopfatiguelookingatscreensforalongperiodoftimethere’scertainlynoproofthatitactuallycausesanydamagetotheeyes,”hesays.【解题导语】 本文讲述了孩子们每天花几个小时看电脑和其他数码设备,一些眼科医生说这样会增加“电脑视觉综合症”患者的数量1.WhichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassageA.Dr.BonillaWarfordthinksusingputerscausesnearsightedness.B.Peoplekeeptheireyesprotectedagainstdryingbyblinkingnormally.C.ChildrenundertwocanwatchTVforlessthantwohoursaday.D.Dr.DavidHuntersaysheadachescauseanincreaseineyeproblems.B 解析细节理解题根据第四段中的“Apersonwhousesanelectronicdeviceblinksaboutonethirdasmuchaswenormallydoineverydaylife.Andthatcanresultinthefrontpartoftheeyedryingandnotstayingprotectedlikenormal”可知,一个使用电脑或者其他数码产品的人眨眼的次数是我们日常生活中正常眨眼次数的三分之一,眨眼能够防止眼睛干燥,保护眼睛故选B2.Thesyndromeinchildrenismorelikelyseriousthaninadultsbecause________.A.adultsareclevererthanchildrenB.adultsignoretakingcareofchildrenC.childrenalwaysoverlookearlywarningsignsD.childrenalwaysforgettheirparents’wordsC 解析细节理解题根据第三段中的“Dr.BonillaWarfordsayspartoftheproblemisthatchildrenmaybemorelikelytopaynoattentiontoearlywarningsignsthanadults.”可知,验光师BonillaWarford说儿童比成年人的电脑视力综合症情况严重是因为儿童往往比成年人更容易忽略其早期的症状故选C3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fatigue”meaninthelastparagraphA.Interest. B.Ability.C.Tiredness.D.Difficulty.C 解析词义猜测题根据画线词后面的“lookingatscreensforalongperiodoftime”可知,长时间盯着屏幕看会造成视觉疲劳,但是没有证据表明它会对眼睛造成损伤fatigue意为“疲劳”故选C4.WhatcanbethebesttitleforthepassageA.LookingatScreens:TwoHoursorMoreB.HowCanChildrenUseTheirEyesProperlyC.UsingDigitalDevices:AdvantagesandDisadvantagesD.HowMuchScreenTimeIsProperforChildrenD 解析标题归纳题本文讲述了孩子们每天花几个小时看电脑和其他数码设备,一些眼科医生说这样会增加“电脑视觉综合症”患者的数量眼科医生推荐了20/20/20规则每隔20分钟看20英尺外或更远的地方至少20秒钟故选D项作标题最恰当CPollution’sgreateffectsontheenvironmenthavebeemoreobviousinrecentyearsleadingtoamovementtopromoteenergyefficiency(效率)lessrelianceonfossil(化石fuelsandareductioninairandwaterpollution.Mostscientistsagreethatsuchchangesarenecessarytoprotectourenvironmentfromfurtherharm.Theconstructionindustryconsumesalargequantityofenergyandresourcesandcreatesahugeamountofpollution.IntheUnitedStatesbuildinganddevelopmentaccountfor39%ofthecountry’stotalenergyuse12%oftotalwaterconsumption68%oftotalelectricityconsumptionand38%ofcarbondioxideemissions(二氧化碳排放)accordingtotheEnvironmentProtectionAgency.Greenbuildingsuselessenergywatercreatelesswasteandarehealthiertoliveworkandgotoschoolinthanstandardbuildings.Buildersofgreenbuildingsusetechniquesthatuseresourcesmoreefficientlyduringtheentirebuildingcycle—constructionrestorationoperationmaintenance(维护)anddemolition(拆毁)—thanthosewhoconstructmoreregularbuildings.Theenvironmentalbenefitsofbuildinggreenincludetheprotectionofecosystems(生态系统)andbiodiversityimprovedairandwaterqualitylesswasteflowingintostreamsandtheprotectionofnaturalresources.Greenbuildingscanalsoresultinloweroperatingcostsbecausetheytypicallyuselessenergyandfewermaterialsandimproveindoorairqualityimprovingthehealthofpeoplewholiveinsuchbuildings.Theprocessofbuildinggreenincludestechnicalandartisticplanningwithnatureprotectioninmind.Buildingdesignsoftenreflectthesurroundingenvironmentandnaturalresourcesanduserenewablebuildingmaterialssuchasbambooandstraw.Inadditionrecycledresourcesfoundlocallyareusedforgreenbuildingsreducingthecostandairpollutionassociatedwithtransportingmaterialsoverlongdistances.Carefulsiteselectionisimportanttominimize(最小化)humanimpactonthesurroundingenvironment.Forexampleplacingastructureinanareathatallowsittotakeadvantageofcoolbreezes(微风)andsunlightcanreduceenergyuseandexpenses.Moreenergyandexpenseareneededforlargerbuildingsaswellsoitisimportanttobuildsmall.Greenroofsareanotherfeatureofgreenhousesthatreduceenergyuseandcost.Theseroofsarepartlyorpletelycoveredwithplantswhichhelpstokeepheatingandcoolingcostspreventwaterrunningoffanddealwithpollutants.Otherfeaturesofgreenbuildingsoftenincludeenergyandwaterconservationrecyclingandwastereduction.Inadditionrenewableenergysourcessuchassolarpowerhydropower(水能)andwindpowerareusedforheatandelectricitywhichgreatlyreducescostsanddecreasestheimpactontheenvironment.
1.WhatisthetextmainlyaboutA.Thenecessityofpromotingenergyefficiency.B.Theprocessofbuildinggreenbuildings.C.Thebenefitsandfeaturesofgreenbuildings.D.Greenbuildingseffectsontheenvironment.
2.Accordingtothetextgreenbuildingsrefertothebuildingsthat______.A.producenowasteB.onlyusecleanenergyC.aremadeofrecycledmaterialsD.useenergyandresourcesmoreefficiently
3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaboutgreenbuildingsA.Theyrelyonfossilfuelsandsolarpowerforheatandelectricity.B.Smallbuildingsarelessefficientinenergyusethanlargerones.C.Theecosystemhastobeconsideredwhenbuildingagreenbuilding.D.Theyaredifficulttomaintainandthusneedmoreoperatingcosts.
4.WhyaregreenroofsusedA.TheyfitthesurroundingenvironmentwellB.TheyarecheaperthanotherkindsofroofsC.TheycankeepnaturalwaterforuseineverydaylifeD.Theycanhelptocontrolthetemperatureinthebuildingwell【文章大意】在本文中作者主要分析了greenbuilding的诸多好处和对环境的巨大的保护作用,呼吁人们多建设这样的绿色的建筑
1.C【解析】主旨大意题本文第三段中Greenbuildingsuselessenergywatercreatelesswasteandarehealthiertoliveworkorgotoschoolinthanstandardbuildings.Greenbuildingsuseresourcesmoreproperlyduringtheentirebuildingcyclethantraditionalbuilding.和倒数第二段第一句Greenroofsareanotherfeatureofgreenhousesthatreduceenergyuseandcost.倒数第一段第一句Otherfeaturesofgreenbuildingsoftenincludeenergyandwaterconservationrecyclingandwastereduction.可知本文主要讲述的是Greenbuildings的很多的好处和特征故C正确
3.C【解析】推理判断题根据第四段第一句Theenvironmentalbenefitsofbuildinggreenincludetheprotectionofecosystems(生态系统)andbiodiversityimprovedairandwaterqualitylesswasteflowingintostreamsandtheprotectionofnaturalresources.由此可知,建造绿色建筑时必须考虑生态系统故选C
4.D【解析】细节理解题根据倒数第二段Theseroofsarepartlyorpletelycoveredwithplantswhichhelpstokeepheatingandcoolingcostspreventwaterrunningoffanddealwithpollutants.可知,他们可以帮助控制大楼里的温度故选DD2017·福建高三单科质量检查Wanttohelpfightglobalwarming?Takeoffyourtie,saystheItalianhealthMinistry.Ithasurgedemployerstolettheirstaffdresscasuallyatworkinthesummersothattheairconditioningcanbeturneddown.“Takingyourtieoffimmediatelylowersthebodytemperatureby2or3degreescentigrade,”theministrysaidinastatement.“Allowingamoresensibleuseofairconditioningbringsaboutelectricitysavingsandprotectstheenvironment.”ItcalledonallpublicandprivateofficestoletemployeeswearnotieduringheatwavesliketheonethathasbroughtAfricaliketemperaturestomanypartsofItalythisweek.Themoveechoes回应asimilaractionfromItaly’sbiggestoilgroup,ENI,whichtolditsstaffearlierthismonththeyneednotwearatieatwork.Thetiemakers,however,werelefthot_under_the_collar.“Italyconfirmsthatitisastrangecountry,”FlavioCimasaidangrilyinalettertofinancialdailyILSole24OREundertheheadline“I,tiemaker,amresponsibleforglobalwarming.”“Wecannowhappilycontinuewithourlifestyle,usingcars,consumingfuel,heatingandcoolingourhomesatleisure.Ononecondition weshouldnotwearatiewhilewedoso,”hewrote.“Ishouldhavelistenedtomyfriendsandbeeanoilproducerinstead.”ItalyisoneoftheEuropeanUnion’sworstperformersonthepollutionfrontandisamongtheEUcountriesexpectedtoexceed超出theirgreenhousegasemission排放targets.【解题导语】 解掉领带可以让体温下降2或3度,所以许多公司鼓励员工不戴领带上班,以抵制全球气候变暖;但是,这种主张遭到了领带制造商的反对1.What’sthepurposeofthemoveoftakingofftiesA.Todresscasually.B.Tofightglobalwarming.C.Tokeepthebodytemperature.D.Toimproveworkingconditions.B 解析细节理解题根据第一段的“Wanttohelpfightglobalwarming?Takeoffyourtie”可知,解掉领带是为了抵制全球变暖,故B项正确2.WhofirstencouragedemployeestotakeofftiesA.ENI.B.FlavioCima.C.Afinancialdaily.D.TheItalianhealthministry.A 解析细节理解题根据第五段中的“...ENI,whichtolditsstaffearlierthismonththeyneednotwearatieatwork”可知,ENI公司最早鼓励员工上班时不戴领带,故A项正确3.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“hotunderthecollar”inParagraph6probablymeanA.Angry.B.Speechless.C.Delighted.D.Puzzled.A 解析词义猜测题根据第四段和第五段可知,包括ENI在内的许多公司,都鼓励员工不戴领带上班;根据常识可以判断,此举势必造成领带制造商的商品滞销;结合第七段的“FlavioCimasaidangrilyinaletter”可以判断,画线部分意为“愤怒的”,故A项正确B项意为“因愤怒等说不出话的”,C项意为“高兴的”,D项意为“困惑的”,都与语境不符4.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaboutFlavioCimaA.Hestandsbytheoilgroup.B.Heagreeswiththeministry.C.Headmitshisresponsibility.D.Hearguesagainsttakingoffties.D 解析推理判断题根据第六段“Thetiemakers,however,werelefthot_under_the_collar”以及第七段中的“‘Italyconfirmsthatitisastrangecountry,’FlavioCimasaidangrilyinaletter”可知,对于鼓励员工不戴领带上班一事,作为领带制造商的FlavioCima非常生气;据此可以判断,他对不戴领带工作的观点有异议,故D项正确七选五2017·烟台高考适应性练习Peoplewhoseemtohavealltheluckarenotusuallyblessedbyalargeamountofgoodfortune.Theysimplyhaveahealthyattitudewhichenablesthemtomakethemostofsituations.Herearesometipsforcreatingyourownluck.·BeGratefulforWhatYouHaveSomepeoplearealreadyluckyandtheyjustdon’tknowit.
1.________Forexampleyouhaveahappyfamilysomewonderfulfriendsaroofoveryourheadandfoodonthetable.Byacknowledgingthesethingsregularlyyoucaninstantlyfeelluckier.·SeetheGoodinthePastPeoplesometimesplainabouttheirpastforholdingthemback.Theyblametheirparentsortheirschoolingfornotsettingthemupforsuccess.Buthavingadifficultlifedevelopsstrengthsandqualitiesyoumightneverhavegotifyouhadn’tbeenthroughthosetoughsituations.
2.________·BeGenerousIfyouwantpeopletogiveyouopportunitiesyouhavetoconsiderwhatyoucandoforothers.
3.________Begenerouswithyourtimeandattentionandyou’llbesurprisedhowmanyluckyopportunitiespeoplemayofferyou.·BeOpentoNewThingsLuckdoesn’tjusthappenuponus—itestouswhenwe’reopen.
4.________Learningnewskillsvisitinganewplaceortryinganewhobbyareallgreatwaysofexpandingyouropportunitiesandyourmindset.·TakeAction5.________Takestepstowardsyourgoalsanddreamsandgreeteverychallengewithapositivemindset.Youwillfindyoucreatemoreluckineverydaylife.A.Youcannotexpecttoreceiveifyounevergive.B.Sobegratefulforthegoodthatcamefromyourpast.C.Manypeoplespendtimethinkingaboutwhattheydon’thave.D.You’llnevercreateanyluckifyousittherewaitingforittoe.E.Tryingsomethingnewisagreatwayofgettingmoreopportunities.F.Butoftensuccessesfromgreatdeterminationratherthangoodluck.G.Lookathowluckyyoualreadyareinsteadoffocusingonwhat’slacking.【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文,主要是给那些想在生活中获得好运的人提出几点建议1.G 解析根据空格前的“Somepeoplearealreadyluckyandtheyjustdon’tknowit.”可知,有些人的运气已经很好了,但他们只是不知道而空格后是对空格前提出的观点的举例说明G项“你应该看到你已经拥有的好运,而不是关注自己缺少的东西”能够与上下文紧密联系,符合语境故选G2.B 解析空格处所在段的小标题是SeetheGoodinthePast,意为“看到过去的美好”由此可知,本段内容和过去的美好有关,且根据空格前的内容可知,经历苦难可以发展优势和品质,如果你没有经历那些苦难,你就不会有这些B项“因此要感谢过去的经历给你带来的美好”能够与上下文衔接紧密,紧扣本段小标题故选B3.A 解析空格处所在段的小标题是BeGenerous,意为“要慷慨大方”由此可知,本段主要内容是待人要大方慷慨根据空格前内容可知,如果你想要人们给你机会,你就要思考一下你能为别人做些什么A项“如果你从来没有奉献过,你也不可能期望获得”与上文衔接紧密,紧扣本段小标题故选A4.E 解析空格处所在段的小标题是BeOpentoNewThings,意为“要敞开胸怀接受新的事物”E项“尝试新的事物是获得更多机会的好方法”能够与上下文紧密联系,紧扣本段小标题故选E5.D 解析空格处所在段的小标题是TakeAction,意为“采取行动”根据空格后的内容可知,对你的目标和梦想采取行动,以积极的心态迎接每一次挑战D项“如果你坐在那里等待好运到来,那么你永远不会有好运”能够与下文紧密联系,紧扣小标题故选DⅢ、七选五Whichismuchmoresignificanttoyouwhenyouarefindingajob?Workingexperienceoranadvanceddegree?Well,Ibelievediversepeoplehavedifferentanswers.1Herearesomereasons Aboveall,mostofjobsdontrequiresuchahighdegree,whichmeansjustsomework,suchastheoreticalphysics,archaeology,orliterature,needshighacademicqualification.2Forexample,whenyouareofferingadepartmentmanagerpost,andthereisamanwhohasalreadybeenamanagerforthreeyearsbutonlyhasamastersdegreeandaninexperiencedpersonwithadoctorsdegree,whichonewouldyouchoose?Definitelythefirstoneforthemanagerwhodoesntacquireadoctorsdegreebuthasrichworkingexperience.3Forinstance,BillGates,whowastherichestmanintheworldandoneofthemostsuccessfulmerchants.Whatawisechoicewhenhedecidedtoabandonstudyingsothathecouldgainmoreworkingexperienceinsteadofadoctorsdegree!OrStevePaulJobs,whodiscontinuedhisstudyattheageofnineteeninordertobeeamemberofaputerpanyjustlikeBillGates.45Maybeyoushouldnthavetogainanadvancedorhighdegree,butthatdoesntmeannothing.Probablyabachelorsdegreeisstillnecessaryinthisfiercelypetitivesociety.Allinall,Ithinkrichworkingexperienceismuchmoreimportantthananadvanceddegree.A.However,adegreeisstillrequiredformostpeople.B.Meanwhile,richworkingexperiencewilldrawmoreattention.C.Secondly,plentyofexperiencewillbringyousuccessmuchearlier.D.Inmyview,eitherworkingexperienceoranadvanceddegreecounts.E.Asforme,Iwillsayworkingexperiencewithouthesitation.F.Asamatteroffact,morepeoplewithrichworkingexperiencebeesuccessful.G.Fromallofthese,wecanseethatanadvanceddegreeisntsonecessaryasworkingexperience.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文论述了工作经验是工作成功的最重要的因素这一论点1.E [根据空处位置可知,空处承上启下,根据该段第二句“Workingexperienceoranadvanceddegree?”可知,空处提出自己的观点并引出下文,故E项与此处匹配]2.B [根据本段最后一句“Definitelythefirstoneforthemanagerwhodoesntacquireadoctorsdegreebuthasrichworkingexperience.”并结合空后所列举的例子可知,该例旨在证明丰富的工作经验在应聘时更受欢迎,故B项与此处匹配]3.C [根据空处所在的位置可知,空处为本段的主题句;根据本段列举的比尔·盖茨放弃学业创业成功和乔布斯在十九岁时辍学这两个例子可以判断,本段旨在说明丰富的工作经验能促使人早日成功,故C项正确]4.G [根据该空所在的位置可知,该空总结本段大意;由空前列举的比尔·盖茨和乔布斯这两个例子可以判断,高学历不如工作经验重要,故G项正确]5.A [根据空处所在的位置可知,空处为本段的主题句;由本段最后一句“Probablyabachelorsdegreeisstillnecessaryinthisfiercelypetitivesociety.”可知,在这个竞争激烈的社会中,学历仍然是有必要的据此可以判断,本段主要陈述学历对于大部分人来说还是需要的,故A项正确]。