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Unit1GreatScientists
一、阅读理解Manyofushavedesiresthatmightseemtobebeyondourabilities,butlookingtothosewhoovercamesimilardifficultiescanbeagreatsourceofinspirationforanyonetryingtolivetheirbestlife.Herearesomequotes引语frompeoplewhochasedtheirdreamsandturnedthemintoamazingrealities.EstéeLauder“Ididntgettherebywishingforitorhopingforit,butbyworkingforit.”—EstéeLauder,FounderofEstéeLauderFunfact Lauderstartedoutbyhelpingherchemistunclesellfacecreamsandperfumesandturnedmillionaire.OprahWinfrey“Youknowyouareontheroadtosuccessifyouwoulddoyourjobandnotbepaidforit.”—OprahWinfrey,TVMogulandHostFunfact TherewasatimewhenWinfreycouldntaffordsoup.Now,sheisaphilanthropist慈善家andoneofthemostinspiringpersonsofhergeneration.MadamC.J.Walker“Dontsitdownandwaitfortheopportunitiestoe.Getupandmakethem.”—MadamC.J.Walker,CivilRightsActivistandInventorFunfact Walkerwasknownasthefirstblackfemalemillionaireaftershelaunchedherhaircarelinein
1905.Infact,shewasthefirstAmericanwomanofanyracetobeaselfmademillionaire.SaraBlakely“Embracewhatyoudontknow,especiallyinthebeginning,becausewhatyoudontknowcanbeeyourgreatestasset财富.”—SaraBlakely,SpanxFounderFunfact BlakelyearnedaForbescoverin2012forbeingtheyoungestfemaleselfmadebillionaire.1.WhichofthefollowingpeopleisnotabusinesspersonA.EstéeLauder. B.OprahWinfrey.C.SaraBlakely.D.MadamC.J.Walker.2.WhatcanwelearnfromthequotesofEstéeLauderandMadamC.J.WalkerA.Wellbegunishalfdone.B.Romewasnotbuiltinoneday.C.Actionspeakslouderthanwords.D.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.3.WhatcanweinferaboutthewomenmentionedinthetextA.Theyreceivedadvancededucation.B.Theyaretrulycreativeandpeaceloving.C.Theyturnednothingintosomethinghuge.D.Theyachievedgreatsuccessintheirfields.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文每个人都有超越自身能力的对成功的欲望,如何克服困难实现梦想呢?文章用四个成功人士对成功的见解和他们成功的经历给出了答案1.B 推理判断题EstéeLauder靠卖面霜和香水成了百万富翁;OprahWinfrey是个大慈善家;MadamC.J.Walker是美国第一位白手起家的黑人女百万富翁;SaraBlakely2012年荣登福布斯榜,是最年轻的白手起家的女亿万富翁从对每一位的叙述及“OprahWinfrey,TVMogulandHost”可知,OprahWinfrey不是一位商人故选B2.C 推理判断题根据EstéeLauder的话中的“byworkingforit”和MadamC.J.Walker的话中的“Getupandmakethem.”可知,两个人的话都表达了“行胜于言”故选C3.D 推理判断题文中提到的四个女性都是在各自领域中获得伟大成功的典型故选DA、B两项文中没有提及;C项“把一无所有变成伟大”夸大事实亮点句积累Ididntgettherebywishingforitorhopingforitbutbyworkingforit.EstéeLauder部分第一段译文我不靠许愿或憧憬,而靠奋斗来获取成功
二、语法填空Chinawillallowallcouplestohavetwochildren,__1__giveupitsdecadeslongonechildpolicythemunistPartyofChinaCPC__2__announceafterakeymeetingonThursday.Thechangeofpolicyisintendedtobalancepopulationdevelopmentandmeetthechallengeofanagingpopulationaccordingtoamuniqué公报__3__issueaftertheFifthPlenarySessionofthe18thmunistPartyofChinaCPCCentralmitteeheldfromMondaytoThursday.Theproposalmustbeapprovedbythetoplegislature立法机关__4__itesintoforce.Chinasfamilyplanningpolicywasfirstintroducedinthelate1970s__5__controltherapid__6__growofthepopulationbylimitingmosturbancouples__7__onechildandastoruralcouplestheycanhavetwochildrenonconditionthattheirfirstbornchildwasagirl.Thepolicywaslaterrelaxed.Parents__8__werebothonlychildrenintheirfamilycouldhave__9__secondchild.Theonechildpolicywas__10__farloosenedinNovember2013aftertheThirdPlenarySessionofthe18thCPCCentralmitteeandcouplesareallowedtohavetwochildrenifoneofthemisanonlychild.1.________
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10.________篇章导读本文是一篇说明文,讲述了中国的“全面二孩”政策的由来1.giving 考查非谓语动词分析句子结构可知,句子主语China与giveup之间为逻辑上的主谓关系,应用动词ing形式作状语,故填giving2.announced 考查动词的时态根据时间状语onThursday可知,本处应用一般过去时3.issued 考查非谓语动词分析句子结构可知,issue与muniqué之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词issued作定语4.before 考查连词句意提议在生效之前必须得到最高立法机关的批准before“在……之前”5.tocontrol 考查非谓语动词中国于20世纪70年代晚期开始实施计划生育政策以控制急剧增长的人口本处应用动词不定式作目的状语6.growth 考查词性转换此处表示控制急剧增长的人口,应用名词作宾语,故填growth7.to 考查介词limit...to...“限定……到……”是固定搭配8.who/that 考查定语从句的引导词夫妇双方均为独生子女的,还可以再生一个孩子本处先行词为parents,关系词在定语从句中作主语,故填who/that9.a 考查冠词序数词前用不定冠词,意为“再,又”这里指“再生一个小孩,或可生第二个孩子”10.further 考查副词的比较级根据句意“一孩政策进一步放松”可知,本处应用比较级;由于本处不是表距离,而是表事情的程度,故填further
三、完形填空IstartedservingthehomelesswhenIwaseightyearsold.Ididn’tknowthesepeoplewouldmakesuchabigdifferenceinmy1.TwiceamonthIgotothechurchandhelpgetthingsreadyfor
2.Whenthegateisopened,peopleein3togetdrinks.Theytaketheirseatswhilebreakfastis4,andthenwebeginto
5.Weeachtaketwoplatesandcarrythem6thelineastheplatesare
7.Eachpersonreceivesseveralkindsoffoods.Iwalktothetablesand8theplatesbeforethem.AfterI’veservedthem,Iaskiftheyneed9elseandbringthemwhatevertheyaskfor.WhenIfirststartedserving,Iwasalittle
10.AtfirstIstayedclosetomymommostofthetime,butafterIgottoknowthesestrangers,I11thattheywerefriendlypeople.Andthe12ofthemwasoftennicerthantheoutside.Irealizedthattherewasno13tobescared.Afterservingforafewmonths,Istartedto14seeingthesamepeopleeachweek.Allofthesepeoplemakemydaymuch
15.Thepasttwoyearshasmadeabig16inmylife.Idothis17itistherightthingtodo.WhenIservepeople,Iwantthemtoknowthatsomeone18themandthattheymatter.Servingmakesmehappybutevenmore19,itteachesmetoloveand20othersandhelpsmaketheworldabetterplace.【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文“我”通过自己八岁跟随妈妈到教堂做慈善活动的亲身经历,感悟到了人生的意义1.A.study B.workC.familyD.lifeD 解析首先空处所在句是全文的主旨句,又根据文章最后一段第二句可知,这些人对“我”的人生life产生了巨大的影响故选D项2.A.breakfastB.brunchC.lunchD.dinnerA 解析根据下文的breakfast可知,此处应该是为早餐breakfast做准备工作故选A项3.A.secretlyB.quicklyC.slowlyD.separatelyB 解析根据生活常识可知,肯定是快速地quickly进教堂来取饮料故选B项4.A.orderedB.enjoyedC.preparedD.tastedC 解析根据空处所在句句意可知,我们准备早饭时,他们坐下来故选C项5.A.eatB.serveC.leaveD.tryB 解析根据第一段的“Istartedservingthehomeless”可知,我们侍候无家可归者,为他们提供饭菜故选B项6.A.beforeB.beyondC.aboveD.alongD 解析此处表示我们每个人拿两个盘子,沿着座位给他们端上食物before“在……面前”;beyond“超出……的范围”;above“在……上方”;along“沿着……旁边”故选D项7.A.emptiedB.washedC.filledD.driedC 解析根据句意可知,当盘子被盛满filled食物的时候我们才把盘子端给无家可归者故选C项8.A.makeB.setC.fixD.showB 解析根据空前的“Iwalktothetables”可知,“我”应该是把盘子放置set在他们的餐桌上故选B项9.A.nothingB.everythingC.whatD.anythingD 解析根据空处所在句句意可知,“我”询问他们是否还有其他需要故选D项10.A.surprisedB.embarrassedC.scaredD.puzzledC 解析根据上下文可知,刚开始时“我”有点害怕scared下文的“tobescared”也是提示11.A.realizedB.admittedC.claimedD.sworeA 解析根据语境可知,随着“我”对这些人的深入了解,“我”意识到他们是友善的realize“意识到”;admit“承认”;claim“声称”;swear“发誓”故选A项12.A.pastB.insideC.surfaceD.frontB 解析根据空后的“nicerthantheoutside”可知,空处应用outside的反义词inside故选B项13.A.wayB.doubtC.reasonD.wonderC 解析根据语境可知,这些人都很友好,“我”没有理由reason感到害怕故选C项14.A.gettiredofB.takechargeofC.getdowntoD.lookforwardtoD 解析根据上文“我”情感的变化可知,做了几个月后,“我”每周都期待lookforwardto与这些人见面gettiredof“对……厌倦,厌烦”;takechargeof“负责”;getdownto“着手”故选D项15.A.betterB.furtherC.busierD.easierA 解析根据上文“我”每周期待与这些人见面可推知,“我”的生活每周因他们变得更好better故选A项16.A.successB.differenceC.profitD.fortuneB 解析此句与文章第一段第二句中的“makesuchabigdifference”呼应,故选B项17.A.becauseB.ifC.onceD.thoughA 解析根据上下文逻辑关系可知,空处前后有因果关系故选A项18.A.reliesonB.goesafterC.caresaboutD.looksforC 解析careabout“在乎,关心”;relyon“依靠,依赖”;goafter“追求,追逐”;lookfor“寻找”此处表示“我想让他们知道有人关心他们并且他们很重要”故选C项19.A.necessarilyB.interestinglyC.honestlyD.importantlyD 解析importantly“重要地”,necessarily“必要地”,interestingly“有趣地”;honestly“诚实地”根据空前的“Servingmakesmehappybutevenmore”可知,importantly更符合语境,故选D项20.A.respectB.forgiveC.inspireD.protectA 解析forgive“原谅”;inspire“激发”;protect“保护”由语境可知,只有respect符合,故选A项
四、短文改错Onedayanoldmanwasreturninghomeaftershopping.Suddenlyabagofwastefellintheskynearlyhittinghimonhishead.Hewasgreatlyfrighteningbytheunexpectedincident.Droppedthethingshehadboughttothegroundheranawayrapidly.Whatdangerousitwas!Obviouslytheaccidentcausedbyacarelessneighbourlivinghighlyinanapartment.Itwasthatpersonwhowastoblamefor.Everyoneofusshouldbehavepolitelyandthinkmoreaboutother.Onlywhenweeachbehavedproperlycanoursocietybechangedintoapleasantone.答案Onedayanoldmanwasreturninghomeaftershopping.Suddenlyabagofwastefelltheskynearlyhittinghimonhead.Hewasgreatlybytheunexpectedincident.thethingshehadboughttothegroundheranawayrapidly.dangerousitwas!Obviouslytheaccidentcausedbyacarelessneighbourlivinginanapartment.Itwasthatpersonwhowastoblameeq\o\s\do14
⑧.Everyoneofusshouldbehavepolitelyandthinkmoreabout.Onlywhenweeachproperlycanoursocietybechangedintoapleasantone.难项分析第二处his→the 考查冠词动词+sb.+介词+the+身体部位为固定用法,此处表示“几乎击中了他的头部”第四处Dropped→Dropping 考查非谓语动词逻辑主语he与分词之间为主动关系,故用现在分词第九处other→others 考查代词other为形容词“其他的”;others为代词,指代“其他人”
五、七选五Selfconfidentpeoplefacetheirfearsheadonandtheyknowthatnomatterwhatobstaclesetheirway,theyhavetheabilitytogetpastthem.Wouldn’titbeamazingtohavethiskindofselfconfidence?Guesswhat?Youcan.
1.Stayawayfromnegativity.2.Thisisatoughone,butit’stimetoseriouslyconsidergettingawayfromthoseindividualswhoputyoudownandshredyourconfidence.EvenatemporarybreakfromDebbieDownercanmakeahugedifferenceandhelpyoumovetowardmoreselfconfidence.Bepositive.Putsomepositiveenthusiasmintoyourinteractionswithothersandhitthegroundrunning,excitedtobeginyournextproject.
3.Instead,begintofocusonsolutionsandmakingpositivechanges.Don’tacceptfailure.Nevergiveup.Neveracceptfailureandgetridofthenegativevoicesinyourhead.Thereisasolutiontoeverything.
4.Makethisyournewmantra真言.Succeedinginadifficultorunpleasantsituationisahugeconfidencebooster激励.5.Learneverythingthereistoknowaboutyourfield,job,presentation—whateverisnextonyour“toconquer”list.Ifyouareprepared,andhavetheknowledgetobackitup,yourselfconfidencewillriseveryquickly.A.Beprepared.B.Createagreatlist.C.Getoutofyourfortzone.D.Stopfocusingontheproblemsinyourlife.E.Therefore,whywouldyouwanttostoptryingF.Here’showyoucanlearntobeconfidentofallyoudo.G.Evaluateyourinnercircle,includingfriendsandfamily.【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文文章主要介绍了提高自信的一些方法1.F 解析根据空前的“Wouldn’titbeamazingtohavethiskindofselfconfidence?Guesswhat?Youcan.”及下文罗列的内容可知,此处需填一个承上启下的句子,故F项“这是你可以学会对你所做的所有事情感到自信的方法”符合语境
2.G 解析根据小标题“Stayawayfromnegativity.”以及G项中的“friendsandfamily”与空后句子中的“thoseindividuals”的对应关系可知,G项符合语境3.D 解析根据小标题“Bepositive.”及空后的“Instead,begintofocusonsolutionsandmakingpositivechanges.”可知,空处所填内容与其后面的内容之间存在转折关系,故D项“不要再关注你生活中的问题”符合语境4.E 解析根据空前的“Nevergiveup.Neveracceptfailureandgetridofthenegativevoicesinyourhead.Thereisasolutiontoeverything.”可知,空处所填内容与上文存在因果关系,故E项“因此,你为什么想要放弃努力呢?”符合语境5.A 解析根据最后一段中的内容尤其是“Ifyouareprepared,andhavetheknowledgetobackitup...”可知,本段介绍的提高自信的方法是要做好准备,故A项符合语境。