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Unit5FirstAid
一、阅读理解Accordingtoahistorian,uniformswereintroducedintotheUnitedStatesaround1979todealwiththeproblemsofviolenceamongstudents.Statisticalreportsstatethatonly15%ofprimaryschoolsandaround10%ofsecondaryschoolsintheUnitedStateshavestrictlycarriedouttheuniformpolicy.Inrecenttimesithasbeethemostdebatedtopicamongparentsandeducators,withmanycriticsstatingthefactthatwearinguniformshasnoeffectonthethoughtprocessofastudentnordoesitconsiderablyreduceinequalityamongthemasses.Studentsareinstructedtofollowcertainrules forboys,pants,shirtswithturtlenecks,sweatersandjacketsareacceptable,whileinsomeschools,shortsarestrictlyforbidden;similarly,forgirls,longskirts,blouses,pantsandflatheeledshoesareacceptable.SchooluniformsinothercountriessuchasThailand,Indonesia,IndiaandPakistanwereintroducedduringtheBritishcolonialperiod.Inthesecountries,girlsinseniorschoolsusuallywearbroadtrousersandboyswearpantsandshirts.Inpreschoolthough,girlswearskirtsandblousesandboyswearshortpantsandshirts.InotherpartslikeNewZealandandAustraliawheretheBritishcolonialrulewasineffect,theuniformsystemwasfollowedinthepublicschoolsystem.ThedresssensecloselyresembledthatoftheEnglishstudents.Thepurposeofaschooluniformistopromoteteamspirit,disciplineandincreaseequalityamongallstudents.Thoughuniformshaveintendedtowipeoutthediscriminationintheweakersection,criticshaveadifferentstorytosay.Accordingtothem,uniformshavenosuchgreateffectonstudents.Thisstandardizeddresshasnothelpedstudentsremoveanybarriersandisaddingcoststotheparents.Inmanycountries,thoughstudentswearinguniformshasproducedsomepositiveresults,intheUnitedStates,theimplementation实施requiresalotofeffortsbeforewecanachievefullsuccess.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“masses”inthesecondparagraphrefertoA.Schools.B.Parents.C.Students.D.Teachers.2.WhatcanweknowabouttheuniformsysteminAustraliaaccordingtoParagraph3A.TheuniformsysteminthepublicschoolfollowsBritain.B.TheAustralianstudentsdressmorecasually.C.TheuniformsystemisthesameasthatinNewZealand.D.MostAustralianstudentswearschooluniforms.3.WhatstheintentionofschooluniformsatfirstA.Toencouragestudentstobemorediligent.B.Toimprovestudentsacademicachievement.C.Topreventstudentsfightingwitheachother.D.Topromotetheequalityamongstudents.4.WhatstheattitudeofthecriticstowardsschooluniformsA.Supportive.B.Neutral.C.Negative.D.Factual.【解题导语】本文是一篇议论文,通过介绍美国目前校服的普及情况,讨论了校服的作用,最后指出在某些国家,如美国,校服制度的实施还需要努力【难句分析】InotherpartslikeNewZealandandAustraliawheretheBritishcolonialrulewasineffect,theuniformsystemwasfollowedinthepublicschoolsystem.分析本句是复合句,其中包含了where引导的定语从句,主句运用一般过去时的被动语态译文在其他地区,像英国实行过殖民统治的规则仍然有效的新西兰和澳大利亚,公立学校的校服制度仿效英国的校服制度1.C 考查词义猜测根据该词上文的“thatwearinguniformshasnoeffectonthethoughtprocessofastudent”和下文的“Studentsare...rules”可知此处指的是学生2.A 考查细节理解根据第三段倒数第二句“InotherpartslikeNewZealandandAustraliawheretheBritishcolonialrulewasineffect,theuniformsystemwasfollowedinthepublicschoolsystem”可知,澳大利亚的公立学校的校服制度是仿效英国的3.C 考查推理判断从文章第一段中的“Accordingtoahistorian,uniformswereintroducedintotheUnitedStatesaround1979todealwiththeproblemsofviolenceamongstudents”可知,穿校服最初的目的是防止学生之间打架4.C 考查观点态度根据倒数第二段中的“Thoughuniformshaveintendedtowipeoutthediscriminationintheweakersection,criticshaveadifferentstorytosay.Accordingtothem,uniformshavenosuchgreateffectonstudents”可知评论家们对于校服的态度是消极的
二、语法填空Iwasdrivinghomelateatnight__1__mycarlostmomentum冲力andgotslowerandslower.NothingIdidseemedtomakeany__2__different.“Itcantbethefuel,”Ithought.Thepetrolgauge汽油量表wasshowingIhadplenty__3__leave.ThenmycardiedpletelyafterI__4__managetorolltothesideoftheroad.Itwasanextremelydarklonelycountryroad.Neitherasingleperson__5__anytrafficwasinsightatall.Ifeltlikeanidiot.Ishouldnothaveleftwithoutchargingmycellphone.ThebatterywasdeadandIwasalonewithoutanyway__6__contactmyfamily.Timedrippedslowlylikealeakingtap.“Godhelpme!”Ibeggedanxiously.“Istheresomeonewhowillbekindenoughtostopandhelpmeout?”__7__therewasnosignofanyone.Iwasstartingtopanic__8__feelpletelyabandoned.SuddenlyIsawafaintlight__9__thedistance.Iwavedmywhitescarfashardaspossible.Itwasahugelorry.Thedriverstoppedandkindlydrovemetothenearesthotel__10__IhadarestandthenIcalledmyfamilyandexplainedwhathadhappened.HowluckyIwas!WhenhestoppedformeIfeltasifIhadjustfoundamilliondollars.1.________
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10.________篇章导读本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了作者晚上在驾车回家的路上车子出了故障,被困在乡村马路上,最终在好心人的帮助下成功脱困的故事1.when 考查连词“bedoingsth.when...”为固定句型,意为“正在做某事,这时突然……”故填when2.difference 考查词性转换makeanydifference为固定搭配,意为“有任何作用,有任何影响”故填difference3.left 考查非谓语动词动词leave与plenty指代汽油之间存在逻辑上的被动关系,故用leave的过去分词left作后置定语,意为“剩下的,剩余的”故填left4.managed 考查动词的时态纵观全文可知,整篇文章的时态以过去时为主,故此处也应用一般过去时,描述过去发生的事故填managed5.nor 考查固定搭配neither...nor...为固定搭配,意为“既不……也不……”故填nor6.tocontact 考查非谓语动词thewaytodosth.为固定搭配,意为“做某事的方法”故填tocontact7.However 考查副词根据语境可知,作者期待有人会停下来帮忙,然而,作者却看不到一个人影空格处表示转折,且其后有逗号,故填However注意首字母大写8.feeling 考查非谓语动词分析句子结构可知,主语I和动词feel之间为主动关系,故用feel的现在分词形式作伴随状语故填feeling9.in 考查介词inthedistance为固定短语,意为“在远处”,故填in10.where 考查定语从句的引导词分析句子结构可知,空格处引导的是定语从句,修饰先行词hotel,在从句中作状语,表地点故填where
三、完形填空Ilostmyflatbyaccident,andthenIdiscoveredmycarneededanewengine.ThatmeantIwouldhavetospend£1,000togetthecarbackonthe 1 .IsuddenlyfoundthatIneeded,first,somewhereto 2 andsecond,somethingtotravelaround 3 .IwastryingtodecidewhattodowhenI 4 theadvertisementonaboard Converted(改装过的)ambulance 5 ,£1,
600.SoIrangthenumberintheadand 6 togoandseeit.Itwasloveatfirstsight!Imadea 7 straightaway.TwodayslaterIwasthe 8 ownerofaconvertedcampervan(野营车).AtfirstIwas 9 .Iwasn’tsurewhetherIcouldhandleit. 10 ,graduallyI’vehadfeelingsthatIhaven’t 11 before.Livinginmyvanisjustthe 12 ofwakingupinthemorning,and,forthefirstfewseconds,notknowing 13 youare.Thenyoulookoutofthewindow;somestrangetrees 14 you,andsomebeautifulscenerymakesyourheartbeat 15 .LivinginaflatinthecityImissedallthat.NowIbeginto 16 whatthetravelershavebeentellingus.Livinginavanischeap.Norent.What’smore,there’sthesenseof 17 mynewlifestylehasgivenme.IlovebeingabletogowhereIwantandwhenIwant.It’s 18 tofeelthatthewholeworldisyourhome.Itisno 19 thatsomanypeopleare 20 theirhousesandgoingontheroad.【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文“我”的车发动机坏了,修理费很昂贵偶然间“我”看中了一辆由救护车改装的野营车,立即买下了它在这辆车里,“我”既可以居住,又可以旅游,觉得世界就是家,这种感觉真好
1.A.sideB.roadC.spotD.platformB 解析根据该句中的“getthecarbackonthe___________”可以判断,此处是说,让“我”的汽车重返上路(road)则要花费“我”1000英镑A项意为“旁边”,C项意为“斑点,污渍”,D项意为“平台”,都与语境不符
2.A.driveB.relaxC.workD.liveD 解析根据该句中的“somewhere”及上文中的“Ilostmyflat”可以判断,“我”突然意识到“我”首先需要有个地方居住(live),故D项正确A项意为“驾驶”,B项意为“放松”,C项意为“工作”,都与语境不符
3.A.forB.throughC.inD.atC 解析根据该句中的“somethingtotravelaround___________”并结合常识可知,“我”还需要有一个坐在里面(in)驾驶着四处旅游的东西故C项正确
4.A.tookchargeofB.madeuseofC.gotholdofD.caughtsightofD 解析根据该句中的“whenI___________theadvertisementonaboard”可知,此处是说当“我”看到(caughtsightof)公告牌上的广告时A项意为“负责,控制”,B项意为“利用”,C项意为“抓住,找到”,都与语境不符
5.A.forsaleB.onshowC.inneedD.underrepairA 解析根据空后的“£1,600”并结合空前的“advertisement”可知,这辆改装过的救护车是用来出售(forsale)的,故A项正确B项意为“在展出”,C项意为“需要”,D项意为“在修理中”,都与语境不符
6.A.failedB.arrangedC.appliedD.hesitatedB 解析根据该句中的“togoandseeit”及后一句“Itwasloveatfirstsight!”可知,“我”打进电话,并安排(arranged)时间去看看A项意为“失败”,C项意为“申请”,D项意为“犹豫”,都与语境不符
7.A.differenceB.suggestionC.decisionD.mentC 解析根据前一句“Itwasloveatfirstsight!”可知,“我”一下子就爱上它了,据此可知,“我”立即作出了决定,makeadecision为固定搭配,意为“作出决定”A项意为“差别”,B项意为“建议”,D项意为“评论”,都与语境不符
8.A.proudB.painfulC.carelessD.braveA 解析根据该句中的“ownerofaconvertedcampervan(野营车)”并结合前一句所表达的“我”立即作出决定可知,两天后“我”成了骄傲的(proud)野营车车主B项意为“痛苦的”;C项意为“粗心的”;D项意为“勇敢的”,都与语境不符
9.A.unwillingB.confidentC.satisfiedD.nervousD 解析根据后一句“Iwasn’tsurewhetherIcouldhandleit.”可知,“我”不知道是否可以控制这辆车,据此可以判断,刚驾驶时,“我”有点紧张(nervous),故D项正确A项意为“不愿意的”;B项意为“自信的”;C项意为“满意的”,都与语境不符
10.A.ThereforeB.OtherwiseC.HoweverD.BesidesC 解析前一句说不确定是否可以控制这辆车,空后说逐渐能够掌握驾驶技能,并享受驾驶这辆车,据此可以判断,空处前后为转折关系,故C项正确
11.A.sufferedB.experiencedC.hurtD.controlledB 解析根据语境可知,该处表示“逐渐地,我有了未曾体验(experienced)过的感觉”,故B项正确A项意为“遭受”,C项意为“弄伤”,D项意为“控制”,都与语境不符
12.A.fearB.tirednessC.excitementD.beliefC 解析根据前一句可知,“我”体验到了以前未曾体验过的感觉,据此可以判断,早晨在车子里醒来是让人兴奋(excitement)的,故C项正确A项意为“恐惧”,B项意为“疲倦”,D项意为“信念”,都与语境不符
13.A.whatB.whereC.howD.whoB 解析根据该句中的“wakingupinthemorning,and,forthefirstfewseconds,notknowing___________youare”并结合常识可以判断,早晨在车里醒来“我”很兴奋,在开始的几秒里,不知道自己在哪里(where)
14.A.greetB.blockC.protectD.guideA 解析根据该句中的“somestrangetrees___________you,andsomebeautifulscenerymakesyourheartbeat___________”可以判断,此处是说在清晨,“我”驾驶着爱车,窗外的树在和你打招呼(greet),窗外的美景让你的心激动地(wildly)跳动B项意为“阻塞”,C项意为“保护”,D项意为“指导”,都与语境不符
15.A.softlyB.stronglyC.normallyD.wildlyD 解析参见上题解析A项意为“轻柔地”,B项意为“强烈地”,C项意为“正常地”,都与语境不符
16.A.doubtB.refuseC.appreciateD.ignoreC 解析根据本段内容可知,本段主要讲述在野营车里居住的种种优点,据此可以判断,“我”现在开始理解(appreciate)旅行者一直告诉我们的关于住在野营车里的优点A项意为“怀疑”,B项意为“拒绝”,D项意为“忽视”,都与语境不符
17.A.freedomB.dutyC.humorD.safetyA 解析根据语境可知,此外,还有“我”的新生活方式给“我”的自由(freedom)感,故A项正确B项意为“责任”,C项意为“幽默”,D项意为“安全”,都与语境不符
18.A.terribleB.delightfulC.usefulD.boringB 解析根据该句中的“tofeelthatthewholeworldisyourhome”可知,你会感觉到全世界就是你的家,据此可以判断,这种感觉是让人高兴的(delightful),故B项正确A项意为“可怕的”,C项意为“有用的”,D项意为“令人厌烦的”,都与语境不符
19.A.chanceB.wayC.possibilityD.wonderD 解析根据该句中的“somanypeopleare___________theirhousesandgoingontheroad”可知,此处是说怪不得有那么多人要离开家,行驶在路上Itisnowonderthat...为固定句型,意为“并不奇怪,不足为奇”,故D项正确
20.A.leavingB.designingC.buyingD.buildingA 解析参见上题解析故A项正确B项意为“设计”,C项意为“购买”,D项意为“建造”,都与语境不符
四、短文改错WiththedevelopmentoftheInternetmanypeopleareusedtoshoppingonline.Ithadbeeafashioninourdailylife.Someofwestudentsalsoshowgreatinterestinit.Shoppingonlinehasmanyadvantages.Justbyaclickofthemouseyoucanbuyhowyoureinterestedinwithgoingoutdoors.Youcanavoidgettiredandbeingtrappedinthecrowdedpeopleandheavytrafficandsavetime.Whenshoppingonlineyoucanchoosefrommanyvarietyofgoodswhosepricesaregenerallylower.Everycoinhastwosides.Itsdisadvantagesareobvioustoo.OntheonehanditsveryeasyforyoutobuygoodsdifferentlyfromthepicturesyouseeontheInternet.Ontheotherhandshoppingonlinecausepeopletobuygoodsthatarenotbadlyneeded.Thatswasteofmoney.Theseareallthingsweshouldrememberthemwhileshoppingonline.答案WiththedevelopmentoftheInternetmanypeopleareusedtoshoppingonline.Itbeeafashioninourdailylife.Someofstudentsalsoshowgreatinterestinit.Shoppingonlinehasmanyadvantages.Justbyaclickofthemouseyoucanbuyyoureinterestedingoingoutdoors.Youcanavoidtiredandbeingtrappedinthecrowdedpeopleandheavytrafficandsavetime.Whenshoppingonlineyoucanchoosefrommanyofgoodswhosepricesaregenerallylower.Everycoinhastwosides.Itsdisadvantagesareobvioustoo.OntheonehanditsveryeasyforyoutobuygoodsfromthepicturesyouseeontheInternet.Ontheotherhandshoppingonlinepeopletobuygoodsthatarenotbadlyneeded.Thatswasteofmoney.Theseareallthingsweshouldremembereq\o\s\do15⑩whileshoppingonline.难项分析第三处how→what 考查名词性从句的连接词分析句子结构可知,此处应为连接词引导宾语从句,且在从句中作介词in的宾语,表示“所……的”,故应用what第六处variety→varieties 考查名词的复数此处指很多种类的物品,且前有many修饰,故应用名词的复数,varietiesof“许多”第十处去掉remember后的them 考查定语从句此处为省略了关系代词的定语从句,关系代词在从句中作动词remember的宾语,them多余,故去掉them
五、七选五Allofusknowthatabalanceddietstrengthenstheimmunesystem.
1..Thefollowingstrategieswillhelpyoutojumpstarthealthyeatinghabits.MorningmusthavesResearchersatHarvardMedicalSchooldiscoveredthatpeoplewhotookdailybreakfastwereathirdlesslikelytobeeobese肥胖的thanthosewhoskippedthismeal.Toenjoythemostbenefitstheresearchersremendedeatingwholegrainfoodsforbreakfastastheyarerichinfiber.
2..MainmealwisdomIfyouneedtoconsumemeatchoosefishinsteadofredmeat.Studieshavelinkedhighconsumptionofredmeatwithcancerssuchasbreastandcolorectalcanceraswellasheartdiseasemainlybecauseredmeatisveryhighinsaturated饱和的fats.
3..Foodpreparation4..Assuchcookingmethodssuchassteamingbakinggrillingboilingorstirfryingareadvised.5.Somepeopleliketoeatalargemealafterahardday’swork.Howeverlargemealslateatnightcancauseindigestionthatinfluencessleep.Soitisaverygoodideatohavealowcaloriefiberdrinkjustbeforeleavingtheoffice.Itisalsonotagoodideatoregularlyhavealatenightmealasthiscouldoverburdenthedigestivesystem.Rememberminorchangesinoureatinghabitscanleadtomajorchangesinourhealth.A.LightnightsB.FewernightsnacksC.FishincontrastcontainsmorehearthealthyfatsD.DrinkingbeanmilksuppliesthebodywithplantproteinE.ExpertsalwayssuggestpreparingfoodwithaslittleoilaspossibleF.Butmostofusfailtoobtainadequatenutrients营养duetoourtroubledlifestylesG.Fiberaidsinstabilizingbloodsugarcontrollingappetiteandkeepingthehearthealthy【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文作者介绍了养成健康饮食好习惯的几种策略1.F 解析依据首句中的“均衡饮食能增强免疫系统”可知,F项中的“但是我们大多数人由于混乱的生活方式没能获得充足的营养”与之对应,并引出下句2.G 解析研究者推荐早餐吃富含纤维素的全谷类食物,故接下来应该说明纤维素对人体的好处,故选G3.C 解析该段主要涉及吃正餐的学问,即多吃鱼肉少吃红肉红肉中含有大量饱和脂肪,故选C项“相反,鱼肉中含有更多的有益于心脏健康的脂肪”与之作对比4.E 解析该段主要涉及食物烹饪建议,从后句中的“蒸、烘、烤、煮或炒”这些烹饪方法可知选E与之匹配5.A 解析根据后文可知该段主要讲晚上吃大餐会影响消化,再结合上文几个小标题考虑,“晚餐少食”最佳,故选A。