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Culturalrelics
一、阅读理解Ithasalwaysbeenthoughtthatalcoholcausespeopletoputonweightbecauseitcontainsalotofsugarbutnewresearchsuggestsaglassadaycoldformpartofadiet.Lookingatpaststudiestheyfoundthatwhileheavydrinkersdoputonweight;thosewhodrinkinmoderationcanactuallyloseweight.AspokesmanfortheresearchteamatNavarroUniversityinSpainsays"Lighttomoderatealcoholintakeespeciallyofwinemaybemorelikelytoprotectagainstratherthanpromoteweightgain."TheInternationalScientificForumonAlcoholresearchreviewedthefindingsandagreedwithmostoftheconclusionsparticularlythatdatadonotclearlyindicateifmoderatedrinkingincreasesweight.BostonUniversity’sDr.HarveyFinkelfoundthatthebiologicmechanisms生物学机制relatingalcoholtochangesinbodyweightarenotproperlyunderstood.Histeampointedoutthestrongprotectiveeffectsofmoderatedrinkingontheriskofgettingconditionslikediabetes糖尿病whichrelatetoincreasingobesity.Somestudiessuggestthatevenveryobesepeoplemaybeatlowerriskofdiabetesiftheyaremoderatedrinkers.Thegroupsaysalcoholprovidescaloriesthatarequicklyabsorbedintothebodyandarenotstoredinfatandthatthisprocesscouldexplainthedifferencesinitseffectsfromthoseofotherfoods.Theyagreethatfutureresearchshouldbedirectedtowardsassessingtherolesofdifferenttypesofalcoholicdrinkstakingintoconsiderationdrinkingpatternsandincludingthepasttendencyofparticipantstogainweight.Fornowthereislittleevidencethatconsumingsmalltomoderateamountsofalcoholonaregularbasisincreasesone’sriskofbeingobese.What’smoreastudythreeyearsagosuggestedthatresveratrolapoundpresentingrapesandredwinedestroysfatcells.
1.Thepassageismainlyforthose_________.A.whoproducewineB.whohaveadrinkinghabitC.whogoonadietD.whoareeagertoloseweight
2.Theunderlinedphrase"inmoderation"inthefirstparagraphmeans_________.A.excitedlyB.carefullyC.frequentlyD.properly
3.WhatcanwelearnfromthepassageA.Currentdataclearlyshowthatmoderatedrinkingincreasesweight.B.Resveratrolisprovedtoincreasetheriskofbeingfat.C.Theresearchfoundmoderatedrinkinghasastrongprotectiveeffect.D.Thespecificrolesofdifferenttypesofalcoholicdrinksareveryclear.
4.WhatismostlikelytobediscussedintheparagraphthatfollowsA.Howtodosomeeasyexperiments.B.Howtoreducethecaloriescontainedinwine.C.Howtoprovethefindingmentionedabove.D.Howtomakewineinahealthyway.【文章大意】文章讲述了饮酒和健康的关系,告诉我们适量葡萄酒还会减肥
1.B【解析】推理判断题文章讲述了饮酒和健康的关系,比如和肥胖、疾病等的关系所以说是写给有喝酒习惯的人的,故选B
2.D【解析】猜测词义题与上句形成对比,此处指适量饮酒的人事实上能减肥,moderation"适度"与D项同义,故选D
4.C【解析】推理判断题文章最后讲到葡萄酒和红酒混合会破坏肥胖细胞,所以下文会证明这一观点,故选C
二、单句语法填空1.2017·北京高考Thelittleproblems________wemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.答案that 分析句子结构可知,空格处引导定语从句,先行词是thelittleproblems,且从句中缺少宾语,故用that2.2017·天津高考Myeldestson________worktakeshimallovertheworldisinNewYorkatthemoment.答案whose 分析句子结构可知,此处缺少非限制性定语从句的引导词,且与其后名词存在所属关系,故应用whose3.MrReed________selecttorepresentusinthemeetinghasbeensenttohaveatalkwiththem.答案selected 由句子结构可知,此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语select与其所修饰的MrReed之间为逻辑上的被动关系,因此填selected4.Itwasclearly________evidencethatthepanywasingreatdifficulties.答案evident Itis/wasevidentthat...是常用句型,意为“很明显……”5.Perhapsthemostdifficultchallengeishow________survivewithoutfriendsinlife.答案tosurvive “疑问词+动词不定式”在本句中作表语,howtosurvive“怎么生存”6.Idontreallyfancy________dobusinesswithhim.答案doing fancydoing...“想要做……”7.Hewasseverelycriticizedand________removefromhispost.答案removed removesb.fromhispost“开除某人”,此处是被动语态,因此填removed8.ItissaidthattheearlyEuropeanplayingcards________designforentertainmentandeducation.答案weredesigned bedesignedfor“为……而设计”9.We________facethedifficultytogetherbutwhydidntyoutellme答案couldhavefaced 由后一分句可知,前一分句谓语应用couldhavedone结构,表示“过去我们本来可以共同面对困难”10.Alltheworkers________belongtothefactorymustobeytherule.答案belonging 由句子结构可知,此处应填belong的非谓语动词形式,workers与belongto之间为逻辑上的主谓关系故用现在分词belongingto作后置定语belongto无被动语态
三、完形填空OnChristmasEve,anoldmanexperiencedanactofwarmthfromalocalstore.Theman,whoaskednottobeidentified,wassenthomefromtheemergencyroom,stillnotfeelingwellenoughto__1__.Thenursesignoredthathewasstilldizzyanddidnotfeel__2__behindthewheel.Thenursesinsistedhewasfineandhelpedputhiminhiscar.Lessthanamiledowntheroadhis__3__startedplayingtricksonhim.Hethought__4__hegotsomethingand__5__forseveralminuteshewouldbeOK.__6__,therewasaSt.LouisBreadpanystorenearby.Thenheenteredthestoreandspokethroughthewindow,havingverylittle__7__.Atfirst,theordertakercouldnotunderstandhim.Heexplainedthathejustneededasliceofbread,orsomethinglightandheonlyhadacoupledollarsin__8__.Thegirlinthewindowaskedhimto__9__whileshecheckedwhathadbeenleftinthebakery.Afewmomentslatershecamebackwithalargesmileonherfaceand__10__inherhand.She__11__presentedaloafofbreadandafancychocolatecaketothemanandsaidthattheywere__12__her.Themanofferedupherthe__13__anditwasquicklyturneddown.TheemployeeaskedifthemanwasOKtodriveandofferedto__14__apoliceofficerinthediningroomtofollowhimhome.Themanwasso__15__forthegenerosityoftheemployee.Notjustbecauseshegavehimenoughbreadtohelphimfeelbetter,butshediditwithan__16__.Hewasntlookeddownuponor__17__insultingly.Themansaidithelpedhimfeelbetteremotionallyaswellaftera__18__dayinthehospital.Thisstorygoestoshowthatonesimpleloafofbreadcannotonly__19__apersonforafewmeals,butwakethe__20__andhelprestorethefaithinmankind.1.A.eatB.driveC.surviveD.walk2.A.peacefulB.nervousC.fortableD.fearful3.A.nurseB.coldnessC.carD.eyesight4.A.thoughB.beforeC.ifD.because5.A.shoppedB.cookedC.chewedD.looked6.A.FortunatelyB.ImmediatelyC.SlowlyD.Obviously7.A.sleepB.gasC.courageD.voice8.A.changeB.controlC.shapeD.number9.A.waitB.thinkC.moveD.listen10.A.packageB.wineC.foodD.cash11.A.hesitantlyB.cheerfullyC.regretfullyD.calmly12.A.onB.inC.forD.with13.A.rewardB.serviceC.gratitudeD.money14.A.requestB.orderC.forbidD.permit15.A.anxiousB.readyC.gratefulD.frightened16.A.ambitionB.smileC.nodD.wish17.A.respectedB.lovedC.treatedD.admired18.A.specialB.happyC.busyD.tough19.A.feedB.saveC.starveD.attract20.A.animalsB.familyC.beggarD.soul【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文文章通过讲述一位身体不适的老人在医院受到的粗暴对待和在面包店受到的热情关怀,批评了势利和冷漠的社会现象,赞扬了人性的善良和热情1.B 考查动词辨析根据下文中的“behindthewheel”和“puthiminhiscar”可知,此处指老人还没有恢复到能够自己开车的程度故选B2.C 考查形容词辨析A项意为“平静的”;B项意为“紧张的”;C项意为“舒服的”;D项意为“害怕的”根据本句中的“hewasstilldizzy”可知,他还不舒服,不宜开车故选C3.D 考查名词辨析A项意为“护士”;B项意为“寒冷”;C项意为“汽车”;D项意为“视力”根据下文老人认为自己弄点东西吃就没事了可知,他觉得自己可能太饿了,以至于有点眼花因此,应该是视力在和他开玩笑故选D4.C 考查连词辨析根据语境可知,此处指他如果能吃点东西就会好了应用if引导条件状语从句故选C5.C 考查动词辨析根据前面的“gotsomething”和下文可知,此处指与吃相关的动作C项意为“咀嚼”,符合语境故选C6.A 考查副词辨析A项意为“幸运地,幸亏”;B项意为“立刻”;C项意为“慢慢地”;D项意为“明显地”前一句讲到老人觉得如果能有东西吃可能就没事了,后面说正好附近有家面包店,所以这是幸运的故选A7.D 考查名词辨析A项意为“睡眠”;B项意为“汽油,煤气”;C项意为“勇气”;D项意为“声音”根据前文讲到老人感到不适、头昏眼花可知,此处指他没力气说话,所以说话声音很小故选D8.A 考查名词辨析此处老人解释自己只有几块钱零钱,表示钱不多的意思change意为“零钱”,符合语境故选A9.A 考查动词辨析面包店的女孩要看一下店里还有什么可给老人吃,所以她让老人稍等一下A项意为“等待”,符合语境故选A10.C 考查名词辨析女孩是去给老人找吃的,所以她回来时应该是手里拿着食物故选C11.B 考查副词辨析A项意为“犹豫地”;B项意为“开心地”;C项意为“遗憾地”;D项意为“冷静地”根据上一句中的“withalargesmileonherface”可知,女孩找到了食物给老人吃,应会很开心故选B12.A 考查介词辨析sth.beonsb.意为“某物由某人付账”此处指女孩说给老人的这些食物由她买单故选A13.D 考查名词辨析前文讲到女孩要为老人买单,所以此处表示老人要把钱给女孩故选D14.A 考查动词辨析面包店的女店员察觉到老人身体不适,因此问他能否自己开车,并请求在店里就餐的警官陪他回家requestsb.todosth.意为“请求某人做某事”,符合语境故选A15.C 考查形容词辨析A项意为“焦虑的”;B项意为“现成的,情愿的”;C项意为“感谢的”;D项意为“害怕的”老人非常感激店员的这种慷慨和热情故选C16.B 考查名词辨析根据语境和上文中的“withalargesmile”可知,老人之所以感谢女孩不仅仅是因为她送他吃的,也是因为女孩在做这些事的时候面带笑容故选B17.C 考查动词辨析根据上文女孩对待老人的态度可知,他没有被瞧不起或被粗暴地对待故选C18.D 考查形容词辨析根据上文中对老人在医院的经历可知,他受到了护士粗暴的对待,所以在医院的一天是艰难的tough意为“艰难的,不容易的”,符合语境故选D19.A 考查动词辨析句意为这个故事表明一条面包不仅能让人吃好几顿,还能唤醒人们的灵魂,有助于重拾对人性的信心feed意为“为……提供食物”,符合语境故选A20.D 考查名词辨析句意为这个故事表明一条面包不仅能让人吃好几顿,还能唤醒人们的灵魂,有助于重拾对人性的信心soul意为“灵魂,精神”,符合语境故选D亮点句积累Thisstorygoestoshowthatonesimpleloafofbreadcannotonlyfeedapersonforafewmeals,butwakethesoulandhelprestorethefaithinmankind.最后一段译文这个故事表明一条面包不仅能让人吃好几顿,还能唤醒人们的灵魂,有助于人们重拾对人性的信心词汇积累identifyv.认出,同情 emergencyn.紧急情况 presentv.呈现
四、单句改错1.Theboysbehaviorwashighthoughtofbyallthepeoplepresent.________________________________________________________答案high→highly thinkhighlyof...“高度评价……”2.Whatcanwedofortheminreturnallthehelptheyhavegivenus________________________________________________________答案return后加for inreturnfor...“作为对……的回报”3.Itisveryworthmakinganefforttopromotethepublicawarenessofenvironmentalprotection.________________________________________________________答案very→well bewellworthdoing...“非常值得做……”4.Therescueworkersremovedthestonesinsearchforanysurvivor.________________________________________________________答案for→of insearchof...“寻找……”5.Thereisnodoubtwhatacleanerdoesisharderparedwithanyotherjobinthesociety.________________________________________________________答案doubt后加that Thereisnodoubtthat...“毫无疑问……”
五、七选五根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项选项中有两项为多余选项2017~2018·洛阳市上学期尖子生第一次联考Gettingoutintothegreatoutdoorsisanevenbetterideathanyouthink.__1__Italsocreatessomewonderfulsummermemoriesforyourfamily.Needmoreconvincingevidence?Therearesomebenefitsofcampingasafamily,includinghowitsgreatforyourhealth.Itsgoodexercise.Letsnotforgetthemostobviousbenefitofcamping.__2__Evenifyouretakingafishingtrip,youreburningmorecaloriesthanyoullburnsittingindoors.Andifyouhikeorbike,youreperformingcardiovascular心血管的exercisethatwillhelpkeepyourheartandlungshealthy.__3__YouveprobablytriedunpluggingtheTVathome,butshortofthrowingitoutofthewindow,becausekidsaregoingtowatchmorethanwewantthemto.Outinthewild,thereisnotelevision.Youllwatchnaturetogether,goexploring,andhavethatoneononeattentionyouneedasafamily.Itisagoodwaytotrulyconnectwithnature.Toooftenwetakenatureforgranted.Infact,spendingafewdaysinnaturewiththefamilywillteachyourkidsthinstheymayhaveneverknownbefore.__4__However,inthewildtheywilllearnhowtobuildafire,catchfish,seeanimalhabitats,andallthenaturalarchitecturenatureoffers.Youhavenostressafterthecamping.Vacationscanbestressful.Sometimeswhenyougethomefromvacations,youneedanotherrestforyourlastvacation.__5__Youllgethomefeelingenergetic.Itsevenbetterthanacupofcoffee.A.YoucanstayawayfromTV.B.TheymayknowhowtoworkaniPad.C.Youllmeetnewchallengeseachtime.D.Sure,itsavessomemoneyifyoustaysinacamper.E.Yourespendingalotoftimeperformingphysicalactivities.F.Manycampersreportbettersleepcycleswhentheyreturnfromatrip.G.Butonceyousettleintocampingwithyourfamily,thestressofeverydaywilldisappear.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了和家人一起进行户外活动的好处【段意梳理】第一段点明和家人一起进行户外活动会带来好处第二至五段具体介绍了和家人进行户外活动的好处1.D 上文说走出去到户外比你想象的还要好,下文说它也能为你的家人创造一些美好的夏日回忆D项“如果你待在一个野营车里,这当然会为你节省钱”符合语境,且下文的“camping”也是提示,故选D2.E 本段的主题为“它是很好的锻炼”,而E项“你正在花费很多时间进行体育锻炼”是对下文具体内容的概括,符合语境,故选E3.A 空处是段落主题句本段主要讲到户外活动可以使你和家人远离电视,而A项“你能远离电视”概括准确,符合语境,故选A4.B 上文说“事实上和家人一起在大自然中度过几天会教会你的孩子他们之前可能不知道的事情”,再结合空后一句可知,空处应讲孩子在室内会的事情,B项“他们可能会操作iPad”,空处前后形成语义上的衔接,故选B5.G 本段的主题是露营后你会没有压力,且根据本段中的描述可知,G项“但是,一旦你适应和家人一起露营,每天的压力就会消失”符合语境,故选G。