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Unit1GreatScientists
一、阅读理解Lifesatisfactionisthewaypersonsevaluatetheirlivesandhowtheyfeelabouttheirdirectionsandoptionsforthefuture.Itsameasureofwell-beingandmaybeevaluatedintermsofmoodsatisfactionwithrelationswithothersandwithachievedgoalsandself-conceptstocopewithdailylife.Itshavingafavorableattitudetowardsoneslifeasawholeratherthanjustanevaluationofcurrentfeelings.Lifesatisfactionhasbeenmeasuredinrelationtoeconomyeducationexperiencesandresidenceaswellasmanyothertopics.Lifesatisfactioncanreflectexperiencesthathaveinfluencedapersoninapositiveway.Theseexperienceshavetheabilitytomotivatepeopletopursueandreachtheirgoals.Asamatteroffactintheseexperiencestherearetwokindsofemotionsthatmaypositivelyinfluencehowpeopleunderstandtheirlife.Hopeandoptimismbothconsistofemotionalprocessesthatareusuallydirectedtowardsthereachingofgoals.Peoplewhohavehigherlifesatisfactionarealwaysfullofhopeforabetterfuture;additionallyoptimismislinkedtohigherlifesatisfactionwhilepessimismisrelatedtosymptomsindepression.ThepsychologistYuvalPalgistudiedtheold-old-peoplewhowereprimarilyintheirnineties.Thissubjectgroupwasfoundtohavethoughthighlyoftheirpastandpresentbuttheythoughtloweroftheirfuture.Alargefactorthatwastalkedaboutinlifesatisfactionwasintelligence.Theexperimentstalkofhowlifesatisfactiongrowsaspeoplebeeolderbecausetheybeewiserandmoreknowledgeablesotheybegintoseethatlifewillbebetterastheygrowolderandunderstandtheimportantthingsinlifemore.Butwhentheystepintotheirninetiesfuturebeesaluxurytothem.AccordingtoSeligmanthehappierpeoplearethelesstheyarefocusedonthenegative.Happierpeoplealsohaveagreatertendencytolikeotherpeoplewhichpromotesahappierenvironmentwhichthencorrelatestoahigherlevelofthepersonssatisfactionwiththeirlife.
1.WhatcanwelearnaboutlifesatisfactionfromParagraph1A.Itcanbeeasilymeasuredthroughineandeducation.B.Itincludesapositiveattitudetowardspeoplesentirelife.C.Itmerelydeterminespeoplesattitudetowardsthefuture.D.Ithasnothingtodowiththeevaluationofcurrentfeelings.
2.WhatemotionshaveapositiveeffectonlifesatisfactionA.Motivationanddream.B.Hopeanddepression.C.Optimismandpessimism.D.Hopeandoptimism.
3.Whatwastheattitudeofmostold-oldtowardstheirfutureA.Theywerelesshopefulaboutit.B.Theythoughthighlyofit.C.Theyfeltsatisfiedwithit.D.Theywerescaredofit.
4.WhatmaybethebesttitleforthetextA.OldPeopleHaveMuchMoreLifeSatisfactionB.LifeSatisfaction—theKeytoaHappierLifeC.OptimismEnsuresLifeSatisfactionD.EmotionsAffectLifeSatisfaction【文章大意】本文为议论文讲述的是生活满足感是人们的生活更加幸福的关键
1.B【解析】细节理解题根据第一段第三句话中的“Itshavingafavorableattitudetowardsoneslifeasawhole…”可知生活满足感包括对人们整个生活的积极肯定的态度,故选B
3.A【解析】推理判断题根据第三段第二句话中的“…buttheythoughtloweroftheirfuture.”可知大多数old-old对他们的未来不太乐观,故选A
4.B【解析】主旨大意题纵观全文可知本文讲的是生活满足感是人们的生活更加幸福的关键,故选B
二、单句语法填空1.Onlywhenhearrived________themeetingbegin.答案did “only+状语从句”位于句首,句子要部分倒装由时间状语从句whenhearrived可知,应用一般过去时,故填did2.NeitherInorJohn________betiredofthespeech.Itisinteresting.答案is neither...nor...连接两个并列主语,谓语动词的数遵循“就近一致”原则,故填is3.________absorbinwritingaletterhedidntevenlookupwhenIcamein.答案Absorbed beabsorbedin...“全神贯注于……”,此处为分词作状语,故填Absorbed4.Thatyou________exposetothesunlightfortoolongwillbeharmfultoyourskin.答案areexposed beexposedto...“暴露于……;接触……”5.Thereisnosensein________worryaboutthefuture.答案worrying Thereisnosenseindoingsth.“做某事是没有意义的”6.While________attendtothecentraltaskweshouldunfoldtheworkinotherfields.答案attending attendto“处理;照料”,从句的主语和主句主语一致,且谓语部分含有be动词的相应形式时,可省略从句中的主语和be动词,补充完整为Whileweareattendingto...,故填attending7.Thebankmanagerwasreally________blamethoughhetriedtoputitonaclerk.答案toblame betoblame“应受责备;应承担责任”,为主动形式表示被动意义8.MrReedmadeuphismindtocontributeallhehadto________setupsomeschoolsforpoorchildren.答案setting contribute...to...“为……奉献……”,其中to为介词,其后应用名词、代词或动名词形式,故填setting9.Myparentstendtoacceptanyidea________putforwardbyexpertsonTV.答案put putforward“提出”,此处应用过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰名词idea10.Irecognizedhervoice________momentIpickedupthereceiver.答案the themoment“一……就……”
三、完形填空阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可能填入空白处的最佳选项AfterlivingnearMadridforayearasanaupair以帮做家务事等换取食宿的人threeyearsagoitwasniceto__1__thisweekend.IfeltlikeIwasathomeandthoughthow__2__onecanbetofeellikethisinaplacethatisnt__3__yourhome.Inowrefertothistownasoneofmy‘homesfromhome’andhavelearnthowhomeiswhereyour__4__is.Alotofpeoplegethomesickanditisavery__5__feelingwhenawayfrom__6__onesandhomeforts.__7__,Ihavelearntthatyoucanfeelathomewhenyouare__8__inthatplacewithpeoplewho__9__you.Throughsimplyembracingeverymoment__10__friendsandenjoyinganew__11__,youcanfeelsettledinashortamountoftime.IdidexactlythiswhenmovingtoSpainforthefirsttimeaspositivethoughtstendtobringpositiveexperiences.LuckilyenoughIwas__12__withahostfamilythatwerevery__13__,whichhelpedtoeasetheprocessoffeelinghappyandsettled.InowlovevisitingwhenIcantoseehowthechildrengrowupandfeelveryblessedbybeingableto__14__this.YetagainIamlivinginSpainonmyyearabroadbutthistimewithstudentsandnotan__15__,inadifferentregion.Nonethelesstheprocessof__16__hadbeeneasierasIfeel__17__theSpanishculturealready.Ofcoursewhenmovingawayfromhomeyouhaveto__18__manythingsthataredifferentinparisontowhatyoucallhome.Howeverthisisthe__19__oftravellingexploringand__20__yourselfandanewplace.Anewplacethatonedayyoumightbeabletocallyourhometoo.1.A.leaveB.planC.moveD.visit2.A.proudB.luckyC.popularD.real3.A.finallyB.possiblyC.pletelyD.necessarily4.A.beliefB.dreamC.heartD.job5.A.normalB.uniqueC.strongD.uneasy6.A.similarB.unusualC.lovedD.respected7.A.HoweverB.ThereforeC.InsteadD.Otherwise8.A.freeB.powerfulC.availableD.fortable9.A.careforB.lookforC.askforD.waitfor10.A.missingB.makingC.choosingD.aiding11.A.ideaB.cultureC.homeD.chance12.A.chattingB.playingC.livingD.dealing13.A.wiseB.honestC.successfulD.friendly14.A.changeB.experienceC.supportD.improve15.A.teacherB.roommateC.familyD.organization16.A.goingonB.turningaroundC.steppingforwardD.settlingin17.A.accustomedtoB.excitedatC.satisfiedwithD.interestedin18.A.giveupB.startwithC.adapttoD.carryout19.A.roleB.secretC.delightD.symbol20.A.helpingB.discoveringC.enjoyingD.controlling【解题导语】本文是夹叙夹议文作者在异国他乡找到了自己的“家”1.D 根据最后一段开头的YetagainIamlivinginSpainonmyyearabroadbutthistimewithstudents可知,作者重“访visit”西班牙2.B 根据上文的IfeltlikeIwasathome和下文的feellikethis可知,在异国他乡能找到家的感觉确实“幸运lucky”3.D 如果在某个地方——“不一定notnecessarily”就是家——能找到家的感觉,那真是幸运4.C 根据上文的nice,feltlike,feellike可知,作者认识到家就是“心灵heart”的归属地5.A 根据上文的Alotofpeoplegethomesick及常识可知,思乡是一种“正常的normal”情感6.C 根据上文的homesick可知,一个人远离自己“所爱的loved”人和家中的舒适,当然会泛起乡愁7.A 下文提到的在异乡也能找到家的感觉与上文意义上发生了转折,故选However8.D9.A 根据上文的youcanfeelathome可知,此处意思是,如果在一个地方能与“关爱carefor”自己的人在一起、觉得比较“舒服fortable”,那自然能找到家的感觉10.B11.B 根据这两个空所在句中的embracingeverymomentenjoying和youcanfeelsettledinashortamountoftime可知,如果能珍惜每个瞬间、“交making”些朋友、享受新的“文化culture”,那很快就能融入当地的生活12.C 根据下文的hostfamily可知,“我”与寄宿家庭“生活living”在一起13.D 根据下文的helpedtoeasetheprocessoffeelinghappyandsettled可知,寄宿家庭的成员都很“友好friendly”14.B 根据上文的seehowthechildrengrowup可知,能“亲历experience”这一过程,作者感到很幸福15.C 上文的hostfamily是提示16.D17.A 因为是第二次来西班牙,所以作者这次“安定settlingin”下来要比上次更容易些,因为他已经“熟悉accustomedto”了当地的文化18.C 根据本空所在句中的movingawayfromhome和differentinparisontowhatyoucallhome可知,背井离乡自然需要“适应adaptto”异地不同于家乡的很多方面19.C20.B 根据However可知,前后表示转折作者认为虽然需要适应很多新事物,但是这恰巧就是旅游、探索、“发现discovering”自我的“乐趣delight”所在
四、单句改错1.Althoughdefeatinginthematchwedidntloseheart._____________________________________________________答案defeating→defeated 此处表示在比赛中被打败,故应用过去分词表被动2.WhenIopenedthedoorIfoundmyfathersittinginhischairpletelyabsorbinginthenewspaper._____________________________________________________答案absorbing→absorbed beabsorbedin“全神贯注于……”,此处为过去分词短语作状语3.Itmakesasensetoworkontheproblembeforeitgetsoutofcontrol._____________________________________________________答案去掉a makesensetodosth.“做某事是明智的,合乎情理的”,为固定用法,故去掉a4.Neithertheteachernorthestudentsiscontentwiththeresult._____________________________________________________答案is→are neither...nor...连接两主语时,谓语动词应遵循“就近原则”5.Theplanwasputforwardatyesterdaysmeetinginmyopinionisquitepractical._____________________________________________________答案去掉was或was前加which/that 该句中已有谓语动词is故putforwardatyesterdaysmeeting为过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰作主语的名词plan;也可用定语从句作定语修饰先行词plan,因此添加定语从句的关系词引出定语从句,关系词在从句中作主语,先行词指物,所以在was前加which/that
五、七选五根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项选项中有两项为多余选项2018·江西赣中南五校高三第一次联合考试Moreandmorepeopleareworkingremotely.Herearesometipstokeepinmindtostayfocusedonyourworkwhenworkingathome Setandkeepregularofficehours.__1__Thentryyourbesttoleaveworkatthe“office”andturnyourphoneonsilentandenjoytherestofyourday.Giveyourselfsometimetorechargesoyoucanbeasproductiveaspossible.Planandstructureyourworkdays.Structureyourworkdaystomaximize使最大化efficiency.Takeadvantageofyourbodysnaturalrhythms.__2__Ifyouknowyoufocusbestinthemorning,resistthetemptationtocheckemailuntil10a.m.orlater.Setasideadesignated指定的workarea.Trytoworkatthesamespoteveryday.__3__Andmakeitaplaceyouenjoygoingtoeachday,anareawhereyoucanfocusanddoyourbestwork.Takebreaks.Scheduletimeforfrequentbreaksthroughouttheday.Risefromyourdesk,stretchorwalkaroundthehouseordownthestreet.__4__Ifyouneedsocialactivities,goouttolunchwithfriendsorclients.Avoiddistractions使人分心的事.Onechallengeofworkingathomeisdistraction.Withnocolleaguesorpartnersnearby,itseasytobeedistracted.Stayfocusedonworkthroughoutthedaytomaintainconsistentproductivity.__5__ A.Itcouldbeasparebedroomthatyouveturnedintoahomeoffice. B.Planyourworkaroundyourmostproductivehours. C.Doyourbesttosetworkhoursandsticktothem. D.Takealunchbreakandenjoyamiddaymeal. E.Itismorefortabletostayathome. F.Someinterruptionscantbeavoided. G.Avoidonlinedistractionsaswell.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了五种在家工作时如何保持注意力集中的方法1.C 根据本段的小标题“Setandkeepregularofficehours”可知,此处与工作时间的设定有关,所以选C项2.B 根据本段的小标题“Planandstructureyourworkdays”可推知,此处与工作计划有关,并与本段第一句“Structureyourworkdaystomaximize使最大化efficiency”呼应,所以选B项3.A 根据本段小标题“Setasideadesignated指定的workarea”可知,此处表示家庭办公区的设定和安排,所以选A项4.D 根据本段第一句“Scheduletimeforfrequentbreaksthroughouttheday”并结合小标题“Takebreaks”可推知,工作期间适当休息一下有助于集中注意力,所以选D项5.G 根据本段小标题“Avoiddistractions使人分心的事”可推知,网上使人分心的内容也是集中注意力所需要避免的,所以选G项。