2019高考英语一轮基础达标练题Unit3TheMillionPoundBankNote（含解析）新人教版必修3

Unit3TheMillionPoundBankNote

一、阅读理解Careercriminalsbegintheirantisocialbehaviorduringtheirtoddler学步的儿童yearsandmaygoonwithalifeofcrimeiftheirbehaviorisn’tchallengedscientistshavediscovered.Whilemostchildrengrowoutoftheirbadbehaviorbyadulthoodastudyfoundthosewhohad“callousunemotional冷漠无情的characteristics”couldgrowuptohaveproblemswiththelawlaterinlife.Behaviorcharacteristicssuchasalackofsympathyandlyinginchildhoodcouldhaveanimpactyearson.LukeHydeassistantprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofMichigansaid“Thesearesignsforparentsanddoctorstowatchoutforastheymaysignalmorethanjusttheterribletwos.”Hesaid“Parentsbothtakecareoftheirchildandprovidetheirchild’sgenessoit’sbeendifficulttoknowifwe’reseeingthatparentingcausescallousunemotionalbehaviorsorifitisjustasignofthegenesbeingpassedtothechild.”Theresearchalsodiscoveredthatstrictparentingislinkedtothedevelopmentofantisocialbehavior.Scientistslookedat561familiesinanadoptionstudythatexaminedbiologicalmothers’antisocialbehavior.Thescientistsfoundchildrenofantisocialmotherswerealsomorelikelytoexhibitthesamebehaviorcharacteristicsdespitehavinglimitedornotouchwiththemastheywereadoptedasbabies.“Thereallyexcitingtake-homemessagefromthisstudyisthatsmallday-to-daypositiveinteractions互动thatparentshavewiththeiryoungchildrencanmakeahugedifferenceinchildren’sdevelopment’’saidLeslieLeveaprofessorattheUniversityofOregonwhoco-ledthedatacollection.“Evenwhenchildrenhaveinherited遗传averychallengingsetofbehaviorshearing‘goodjob’orreceivingencouragementcanhelpprotectthemfromdevelopingseriousproblemsingfromtheirinheriteddifficulties”headded.ThestudyworkedonbyscientistsfromtheUniversityofMichiganPennStateUniversityandtheUniversityofOregonhasbeenpublishedintheAmericanJournalofPsychiatry.Researcherswillfollowthegroupofchildrenthroughearlyadolescencetodetermineifthesebehaviorsstillcontinuetoexistfromthetoddleryears.

1.What’sthemainideaofthepassageA.Kids’socialbehaviorsarerelatedtocrime.B.Criminalsbegintheircrimesduringadolescence.C.Antisocialbehaviorsofkidscouldbeontheirwaytoalifeofcrime.D.Warmheartedkidsaremorelikelytobecriminalsinthefuture.

2.WhatconclusionmightthescientistsdrawfromthestudyA.Antisocialbehaviorsmightbeinherited.B.Thegenesdecidekids’antisocialbehaviors.C.Antisocialbehaviorshavenothingtodowithcrimes.D.Adoptedbabiessurelyhaveantisocialbehaviorswhentheygrowup.

3.WhatcanbeinferredfromthepassageA.Parentingisthemainreasonthatcauseskids’antisocialbehaviors.B.Whatcausescareercriminalstobegintheircrimesistheirparents’characteristics.C.LeslieLevehasadoubtfulattitudetoadoptivemothers’activeinteractionswithkids.D.Inheritedantisocialbehaviorsofkidscanbelightenedbypositiveparenting.

4.Whywillresearcherstrackkids’processofgrowingA.Tomakesureifkids’behaviorswilllast.B.Tomakesureifpraisewillchangekids.C.Todetermineifkids’behaviorswillbeinherited.D.Todetermineifparents’fortwillprotectkids.【文章大意】研究人员发现孩子的反社会行为有可能使他们走向犯罪的道路，积极的育儿方式可以减轻孩子的反社会行为

1.C【解析】主旨大意题根据文章内容，特别是第一段中的“Careercriminalsbegintheirantisocialbehaviorduringtheirtoddler yearsandmaygoonwithalifeofcrimeiftheirbehaviorisn’tchallengedscientistshavediscovered.”可知，本文主要介绍了孩子们的反社会行为有可能使他们走向犯罪的道路，故C项正确

3.D【解析】推理判断题根据第五段中的“Evenwhenchildrenhaveinherited遗传averychallengingsetofbehaviorshearing‘goodjob’orreceivingencouragementcanhelpprotectthemfromdevelopingseriousproblemsingfromtheirinheriteddifficulties”可知，积极的育儿教育可以减轻孩子遗传的反社会行为，故D项正确

4.A【解析】细节理解题根据最后一段中的“Researcherswillfollowthegroupofchildrenthroughearlyadolescencetodetermineifthesebehaviorsstillcontinuetoexistfromthetoddleryears.”可知，研究人员追踪孩子的成长过程是为了弄清楚孩子的反社会行为是否会持续下去，故A项正确

二、单句语法填空1．2017·北京高考Janemovedaimlesslydownthetree­linedstreetnotknowing________shewasheading.答案where　根据语境可知，此处应填关系副词where，作宾语从句的连接词，表示“不知道前往何处”2．2017·天津高考I________drivedowntoLondonwhenIsuddenlyfoundthatIwasonthewrongroad.答案wasdriving　bedoing...when...是固定句式，表示“正在做……这时……”，从句用的是一般过去时，主句也应用过去时，且表示动作正在进行，故用过去进行时3．TodayIwillintroduceCharlesDickenstoyouthegreatnineteenthcenturyEnglish________novel．答案novelist　novelist名词“小说家”4．Therulesoftheschooldonotpermit________parkneartheschoolgate.答案parking　permitdoingsth.“允许做某事”5．Wetried________seekananswertothequestionbutcouldntfindone.答案toseek　trytoseeksth.“努力去寻找某物”6．Thebestwaytoexperiencehutonglifeissimply________wanderaroundthealleyseitheronfootorbybicycle.答案towander　不定式短语，在本句中作表语，说明主语的具体内容7．Itisveryimportanttoteachtheirchildrenhowtodealwithotherskindnessand________rude．答案rudeness　由“kindnessand”可知应用所给词的名词形式rudeness8．Shelayonthegrassstaringatthesky________spotwithstars.答案spotted　bespottedwith“布满着……”，此处应用过去分词短语作后置定语9．Thereasonwhyheaskedfortwodaysleaveis________hehadtotakecareofhissickson.答案that10．Theresultsarequitecontrary________myexpectationsanditsreallyfrustrating.答案to　becontraryto“与……正好相反”

三、完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可能填入空白处的最佳选项Whenmykidsweresmall，IstartedatraditioninourhouseofgivingeightgiftsoverthecourseoftheeightdaysofHanukkah光明节．Ilikedtheideaof__1__acandleeverynightandgivingmychildrenagifttounwrapto__2__.Itwaseasytogointoatoystoreandpickupsomething__3__lessthan$10each，oreven$1eachatthedollarstore．Mychildrendidntaskforanythingmuchinparticularandthey__4__whatevertheygot.Astheyearsprogressed，I__5__thetraditionofeightgiftsforeachnightofHanukkah.Butthisyear，Hanukkah__6__somethingelse.Myspecial­needssondecidedthathewantedto__7__aputer，anditwasuptometobuyallthepartsofit.WhenIwouldnt__8__that，hedecidedhewantedaP1ayStation.ThenAmazongiftcards.Thenmoney.Andwhenitbecameclearthatitwasntgoingtohappen，hegot__9__.Ikeep__10__himthatHanukkahisntaboutgreedormaterialism.Itsaboutthemiracleofanoillampthat__11__foreightdays.Itsaboutbeing__12__ofourheritage.Itsaboutfreedom.Buthe__13__.Iknowdeepdownthathisobsessions迷恋的物areoutofhis__14__，anddefinitelyoutofmine.Havingaspecial­needschildisas__15__asitgets.Somedaysarebetterthanothersandnotallholidays__16__thewayIhope.Butdespitehisunrealisticrequests，hesan__17__childwhoisshowingmethetruemeaningoflife.Andasweenteranewyearandlightthe__18__approachingthetime，Iwelehisdifferences__19__Ilearnhowtoturnnegativerequestsinto__20__ones.1．A.buying　　　B．donatingC．lightingD．drawing2．A.celebrateB．presentC．sendD．play3．A.atB．forC．inD．from4．A.ateB．threwC．likedD．drank5．A.heldupB．gaveinC．handedinD．keptup6．A.madeB．becameC．foundD．designed7．A.buildB．buyC．useD．watch8．A.relyonB．learnfromC．agreetoD．dreamabout9．A.calmB．happyC．selfishD．upset10．A.tellingB．warningC．promisingD．accusing11．A.laysB．hangsC．waitsD．burns12．A.tiredB．proudC．afraidD．lack13．A.noddedB．sleptC．insistedD．failed14．A.mindB．sightC．controlD．place15．A.wonderfulB．dangerousC．interestingD．challenging16．A.runoutB．breakdownC．workoutD．putdown17．A.strangeB．amazingC．badD．energetic18．A.candlesB．lampsC．torchesD．lanterns19．A.whenB．asC．unlessD．until20．A.relativeB．possibleC．reasonableD．positive【解题导语】本文主要讲述了作者一家过光明节的传统、变化及作者的应对策略和反思【核心词汇】greedn．贪婪　materialismn．物质主义　miraclen．奇迹1．C　根据下文的“Andasweenteranewyearandlightthe__18__approachingthetime”可知，此处指点蜡烛2．A　根据上文的“Hanukkah光明节”可推知，节日是用来庆祝的3．B　根据语境“lessthan$10each，oreven$1eachatthedollarstore”可推知，此处表示东西的价格，故用介词for4．C　结合语境“Mychildrendidntaskforanythingmuchinparticular”可推知，孩子们并不挑剔，很喜欢拿到的礼物5．D　结合下文的转折“ButthisyearHanukkah__6__somethingelse”和“Myspecial­needsson”可推知，作者保持那个传统很多年6．B　根据转折“Butthisyear，Hanukkah__6__somethingelse”和“Myspecial­needsson”可推知，今年有些不同，有了新变化7．A　根据语境“anditwasuptometobuyallthepartsofit”可推知，儿子要组建一台电脑，要作者去买零配件8．C　根据下文的“Andwhenitbecameclearthatitwasntgoingtohappenhegot__9__”可推知，作者没同意儿子的要求，儿子就有了其他更多的要求agreeto“同意”9．D　很明显，作者没同意儿子的要求，儿子感到难过upset“难过”10．A　很明显，作者在不断地给儿子讲道理，说明节日的意义11．D　根据下文的“Andasweenteranewyearandlightthe__18__approachingthetime”可推知，D项burn“燃烧，发亮”符合语境12．B　固定搭配beproudof意为“以……为傲，为……而自豪”，符合语境13．C　根据下文的“Iknowdeepdownthathisobsessions迷恋的物areoutofhis__14__，anddefinitelyoutofmine”可推知，儿子不为所动，坚持自己的要求14．C　根据“obsessions迷恋的物”可推知，儿子陷入迷恋的事物之中，已经失控outofcontrol“失控”15．D　很明显，作者应对有特殊需求的儿子有些棘手challenging“挑战性的”16．C　根据“thewayIhope”可知，有些事情并不像作者希望的那样发展workout“成功地发展”17．B　根据语境“whoisshowingmethetruemeaningoflife”可推知，此处的语气表示肯定、赞赏，故选Bamazing“了不起的”18．A　根据上文的“Ilikedtheideaof__1__acandleeverynight”可知，节日期间作者一家点蜡烛庆祝19．B　根据语境可知，此处表示逻辑上的因果关系，故选Bas“因为”20．D　与语境中的“negative”形成对比可知，此处表示把负面要求变成积极要求positive“积极的”

四、单句改错1．Wefinallyreachedwhatthetemplestood._____________________________________________________答案what→where　本句中的stood意为“某物处于某一位置”，故应用关系副词where连接宾语从句2．Thetelephoneisringing.Answerittoseewhoeveriscalling._____________________________________________________答案whoever→who　whoever“无论谁”，可引导主语从句或让步状语从句，不可引导宾语从句本句中，应用作主语，且表示“谁”的关系代词who连接宾语从句，故改whoever为who3．Afterthetrafficaccidenthappenedthepolicewereatthesceneatonce._____________________________________________________答案第一个at→on　onthescene“在现场”4．Aftertherainstoppedtheywentaheadtheirworkofdiggingupthestreet._____________________________________________________答案ahead后加with　goaheadwithsth.“停留一段时间后继续做某事”5．IknowitsdangeroustogotherewithoutamapbutIlltakeanchance._____________________________________________________答案an→a　takeachance“冒险”

五、七选五根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项选项中有两项为多余选项2018·湖北四地七校联考Itsnicebeingnicetoothers；itsalsogreattogivepeopleahand.However，ifyoustarttohurtyourselfbydoingso，thenthisisnotsohealthy.__1__Ifyoufearthatyoumightfallintothiscategory，thefollowingtipswillhelpyoutostandupforyourselfandregainyourself­confidence.__2__Althoughyoumayoftenstaysilentifsomethingiswrongorbothersyou，itisbettertospeakyourmindrightaway.Youdonthavetoberude，butyoudohavetobefirmanddirect.Dontdothingsforothersifyoudontreallywantto.Speakupandsoonotherswillbeseeingyouinawholenewlight.Startsmall.__3__Thiswillallowyoutopracticebeingbraveandself­confident.Tellapersonwhohascutinlineinfrontofyoutomovetothebackoftheline，ortellasalespersontodothat.Beforelong，youwillbeconfidentenoughtostanduptoyourfriendsandfamilymembers.Judgewell.Whendealingwithothers，youhavetoexercisegoodjudgment.__4__Ifacolleagueisntdoinghispart，youshouldrightfullydemandthathestartdoingso.However，ifataxicutsyouoffintraffic，justletitgo.__5__Romewasntbuiltinaday.Ifyouwanttogetbackagainafterhavingbeenapushover耳软心活的人，itsbesttotakeonestepatatime.A．Expressyourself.B．Regainyourconfidence.C．Startbyspeakingupforyourselfwithstrangers.D．Everyonehastherighttolivewithoutbeingjudged.E．Ifyouslipbackintothepushovermodeeveryonceinawhile，dontblameyourself.F．Sadly，somepeoplearesoeasilypushedaroundthattheyetobeseenaspushovers.G．Itsonethingtobeconfident，butquiteanothertoforcefullysaynotoanunreasonablerequest.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了三个避免成为一个耳软心活的人的技巧1．F　首先，由空前的“However”一词可知，本段第二句与第一句之间为转折关系；其次，由语境可知，空处承接上文，空后的“thiscategory”指代空处所讲的情况，F项“遗憾的是，一些人很容易被摆布，以至于被看做是耳软心活的人”与之匹配，所以选F项2．A　空处是本段小标题根据下文中的“speakyourmindrightaway”和“Speakup”可知，本段主要是说要表达自己的观点，故A项与此处匹配3．C　根据本段小标题Startsmall可知，本段主要讲的是从小事做起根据空后的“apersonwhohascutinlineinfrontofyou”和“asalesperson”可知，叙述的内容与“strangers”有关，故选项C“从同陌生人表达自己的观点开始”与此处匹配4．G　根据本段小标题和空前的“exercisegoodjudgment”可知，本段主要讲的是正确的判断是重要的再根据空后两句可知，面对两种不同的情况应有的反应是不同的，判断是一回事，实践又是另一回事故G项符合语境5．E　根据空后的“Romewasntbuiltinaday”可知，罗马不是一日建成的即要一步一步来，所以E项“如果你又一次陷入了耳软心活的模式中，不要责备自己”与此处匹配。