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Unit5FirstAid
一、阅读理解ArecentsurveyintheUnitedStatesshowedthattheaveragefamilyspentmoremoneyonitspetsthanonitschildren.Althoughrathershockingitshouldnotsurpriseanyonewhohasseenthedoggyparlours客厅wherelovedpetsrest.AreAmericansuniqueintreatingtheirlittlefriendsinthiswayNotheEnglishtoopaymoreattentiontotheirpets.Thiscanclearlybeseenwhenwelookatpetfoods,whichoftencontainmorevitaminsthanhumanfood.Theycertainlycostmuch.LastyeartheBritishpublicspenttwohundredmillionpoundsonpetfoodalonetosaynothingofveterinarybillsoranimalfurniture.Itisdifficultnottofeelangryaboutthiswhenconsideringwhatthesameamountcoulddoforvictimsofstarvationandpovertysoit’snotunusualformetogethotundercollarwhenIreadanoldmanleftallhismoneytohisdoginsteadofhischildren.ThereareavarietyofreasonswhyIfindpets-raisingalarming.Theycausephysicalproblems.AnexampleofthisisNewYorkwheretheyhavegreatdifficultygettingridofthemessthatdogsleaveonthestreets.Manypeoplefindthisfunnybutinanumberoflargecitiesitisamajorproblem.Animalscancausediseasetoo.Itisthethreatofbabies—adiseasewithnoknowncure.Anotherproblemisthecarelessnessofpetowners.Mostlittlechildrenwantadogoracat,andtheycontinuallypushtheirmothersandfathersuntiltheygetone.Itisonlywhenthe"sweetlittlething"hasbeenbroughthomethattheparentsrealizehowmuchtimeandmoneymustbespenton"Rover"or"Bonzo".Thentheyjustabandonit.Asaresulttheyareallowedtorunfree.Englishfarmerslosehundredsofsheepayearkilledbysomeone’spetandyoumusthavereadofchildrenbeinghurtbysomepetsoftheirown.LastlyIwouldonlysuggestthatwehavegotourprioritieswrongandthatsomethingshouldbedoneaboutit.Inmyviewit’stimewestoppedbeingsentimentalaboutpets.Icanseenoreasonwhyweshouldgetupsetwhenanimalsarecutupformedicalexperiments.ThiswillleadustodiscoveringcuresforserioushumandiseasesthenIsay"keepcutting!"
1.Thedoggyparloursarementionedinthe1stparagraphtoshow________.A.whatcostlylivesthepetsarelivingB.whereAmericanskeeptheirpetsC.whychildrenlovetheirpetssomuchD.howmuchpetsdependontheirmasters
2.Inthesecondparagraph"togethotunderthecollar"probablymeans________.A.gettingquitehotB.beingexcitedC.feelingextremelyangryD.receivingafashionableshirt
3.AccordingtotheauthorinwhichfieldcananimalsbemostusefulA.Food.B.Sports.C.Entertainment.D.Medicine.
4.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardspets-raisingA.Sympathetic.B.Opposed.C.Pitiful.D.Supportive.【文章大意】这是一篇议论文作者通过介绍饲养宠物存在的种种问题譬如饲养成本昂贵、宠物致人受伤、传染疾病等,表达了自己反对饲养宠物,而是应当将宠物用于贡献人类医学实验的观点
1.A 【解析】推理判断题"thedoggyparlours"所在的句子就是为了进一步阐释第一句"ArecentsurveyintheUnitedStatesshowedthattheaveragefamilyspentmoremoneyonitspetsthanonitschildren.",即如今人们在饲养宠物上花销巨大的现状故答案为A
3.D 【解析】推理判断题从本文的最后两句"Icanseenoreasonwhyweshouldgetupset...Thiswillleadustodiscoveringcuresforserioushumandiseases..."可知作者认为宠物在人类医学领域可以起着有益的作用因此答案为D
4.B 【解析】观点态度题文章前面介绍了成本昂贵、传染疾病等饲养宠物的危害,后面又提到应把宠物用于贡献人类医学领域中去,故而可以看出作者对于饲养宠物的做法持反对态度因此答案为B
二、单句语法填空1.Itisvitalthattheseforms________sendbackasearlyaspossible.答案shouldbesent Itisvitalthat...“……是十分重要的”其中that从句谓语动词应用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略2.________theaidofourprofessorwefinishedtheexperimentsuccessfully.答案With withtheaid/helpof...“在……的帮助下”3.Youdbetterputthingsback________place.Otherwiseitwillbedifficulttofindthem.答案in inplace“在适当的位置”4.We________watchTVwhentherewasapowerfailure.答案werewatching bedoing...when...“正在做……这时……”,再由“therewas...”可知应用过去进行时,故填werewatching5.Thenewtechnologyif________applytoricegrowingwillhelpincreasethegrainoutput.答案applied 从句为状语从句的省略形式Thenewtechnology与apply之间为逻辑上的被动关系,故应填过去分词作状语6.Menandwomenshould________treatequallyineducationandemployment.答案betreated treat和Menandwomen在逻辑上存在动宾关系,应用被动语态7.Hisheadhadstruckthewalland________bleed.答案wasbleeding 此处表示头部正在流血,前一分句用了过去完成时,故此处应用过去进行时,表示过去某时正在持续的状态8.Everyonearrivedlateatthepartyfor________varietyreasons.答案various 修饰名词reasons应用形容词,表示“各种各样的”,故填various9.Televisionviolence________poisonthemindsofyoungpeople.答案ispoisoning 表示现阶段正在持续发生的动作,应用现在进行时10.Dozensofpeoplegot________injuryandmanyvehiclesweresetonfire.答案injured getinjured“受伤”
三、完形填空阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可能填入空白处的最佳选项An18yearoldstudentatStanfordUniversitywasstrugglingtopayhisfees.Notknowingwheretoturnformoney,hecameupwithabright__1__.Heandafrienddecidedtohostamusicalconcertoncampusto__2__moneyfortheireducation.They__3__outtothegreatpianistIgnacyJ.Paderewski.Hismanager__4__aguaranteedfeeof$2000forthepianorecital独奏会.Adealwas__5__andtheboysbegantoworktomaketheconcerta__6__.Thebigdayarrived.But__7__,theyhadnotmanagedtosellenoughtickets.Thetotal__8__wasonly$
1600.Disappointed,theywenttoPaderewskiandexplainedtheirplight困境.Theygavehimtheentire$1600,plusa__9__forthebalance$
400.Theypromisedtohonorthecheckatthe__10__possible.Paderewskitoreupthecheck,__11__the$1600andtoldthetwoboystokeepthemoneytheyneededforthefees.Theboyswere__12__,andthankedhimheartedly.Itwasasmallactof__13__.ButitclearlymarkedoutPaderewski__14__agreathumanbeing.__15__shouldhehelptwopeoplehedidnotevenknowWeall__16__situationsliketheseinourlives.And__17__ofusonlythink“IfIhelpthem,whatwillhappentome?”Thetruly__18__peoplethink,“IfIdonthelpthem,whatwillhappentothem?”Theydontdoit__19__somethinginreturn.Theydoit__20__theyfeelitstherightthingtodo.1.A.time B.taskC.ideaD.decision2.A.receiveB.raiseC.borrowD.donate3.A.reachedB.turnedC.pointedD.called4.A.increasedB.coveredC.consideredD.demanded5.A.rejectedB.struckC.canceledD.attracted6.A.successB.careerC.backgroundD.performance7.A.uncertainlyB.unbelievablyC.unfortunatelyD.undoubtedly8.A.costB.billC.collectionD.allowance9.A.benefitB.profitC.chargeD.check10.A.soonestB.latestC.longestD.farthest11.A.tookB.countedC.depositedD.returned12.A.pleasedB.surprisedC.frightenedD.interested13.A.devotionB.kindnessC.sympathyD.teamwork14.A.likeB.forC.asD.to15.A.HowB.WhereC.WhenD.Why16.A.eacrossB.dealwithC.adapttoD.thinkof17.A.bothB.fewC.noneD.most18.A.ableB.richC.greatD.famous19.A.takingB.expectingC.offeringD.preparing20.A.becauseB.thoughC.beforeD.so【解题导语】两个大学生本想通过组织一场音乐会赚取学费,可是音乐会并不成功,但善良的受邀钢琴家的大方举动却给他们解了围1.C 根据设空后的Heandafrienddecidedtohostamusicalconcert...可知,他和朋友决定举办一场音乐会以筹集学费,这是他的想法idea故选C项2.B 根据上文中的Notknowingwheretoturnformoney可知,由于学费不够,他和朋友决定举办音乐会来筹集学费receive意为“收到”;raise意为“筹集”;borrow意为“借”;donate意为“捐献”故选B项3.A reachoutto意为“表示对……感兴趣;表示愿意提供援助”;turnout意为“证明是;结果是”;pointout意为“指出”;callout意为“大声呼叫;呼喊”根据第二段可知,他们开音乐会要邀请著名的钢琴家,说明他们对这位钢琴家有兴趣故选A项测训诊断本题考生易误选B项考生易把turnto“求助于”和turnoutto“证明是;结果是”以及reachoutto“表示对……感兴趣”混淆4.D 根据设空后的aguaranteedfee可知,钢琴家的经纪人要求demanded他们付2000美元的保证金故选D项increase意为“增加”;cover意为“覆盖;遮蔽;包括;报道”;consider意为“考虑;细想;认为”5.B 根据设空后的begantowork可知,他们之间达成了协议strikeadeal意为“达成协议”;reject意为“拒绝”;cancel意为“取消”;attract意为“吸引”故选B项6.A 他们达成了协议,并且为了音乐会的成功举办,他们开始积极筹备故选A项success意为“成功的事”,career意为“职业;事业”;background意为“背景;出身”;performance意为“表演;演出;表现”7.C 根据前文可知他们达成了协议,再根据设空后的hadnotmanagedtosellenoughtickets可知,他们并没有卖出足够的票,这对他们来说是不幸的故选C项8.C 根据设空后的$1600以及下文的$400可知,此处指他们总的筹款为1600美元cost意为“花费;成本;代价”;bill意为“账单”;collection意为“筹集的钱;收藏品”;allowance意为“津贴;补贴”9.D 根据下文的Theypromisedtohonorthecheckatthe________possible.可知,因为他们并没有筹到足够的钱,所以又写了400美元的支票作为欠款故选D项10.A 他们承诺尽快soonest承兑支票,故选A项11.D 根据空前的Paderewskitoreupthecheck及空后的toldthetwoboystokeepthemoneytheyneededforthefees可知,钢琴家撕毁了支票,并且还把1600美元还给了returned他们让他们当做学费故选D项12.B 根据上文可知,他们本来是承诺了要给钢琴家2000美元,但却没有筹够钱,而钢琴家又把钱还给了他们,因此,他们非常惊讶surprised而且非常感激故选B项pleased意为“高兴的;快乐的;满意的”;frightened意为“害怕的”;interested意为“感兴趣的”13.B 根据上文可知,钢琴家没有要保证金,而且把钱给了两个大学生充当学费,因此这是一个善举devotion意为“献身;贡献”;kindness意为“善良”;sympathy意为“同情”;teamwork意为“团队合作”故选B项14.C 钢琴家的善举使得他更显人的伟大之处mark...outas意为“使……看上去脱颖而出成为……”,符合语境故选C项15.D 根据下文可知,每个人都遇到过帮与不帮别人的问题,由此可推测,本句应是探讨帮助别人的原因故选D项16.A 根据下文And________ofusonlythink“IfIhelpthemwhatwillhappentome?”可知,我们都曾遇到过类似的情况eacross意为“偶遇;邂逅”,符合语境故选A项dealwith意为“处理;处置”;adaptto意为“适应”;thinkof意为“想起;想到”17.D 根据语境可知,此处应指我们大多数,故选D项18.C 根据上句可知,大多数人是在想帮助别人对自己的影响,而伟大的人却想如果不帮助别人对他人有什么影响great意为“伟大的”,符合语境故选C项19.B 根据上文的“IfIdonthelpthemwhatwillhappentothem?”可知,他们是在考虑别人,不求expecting回报故选B项20.A 根据最后一段可知,伟大的人不求回报地去帮助别人,他们之所以这么做,是因为他们感觉这是正确的事情因此,设空处表原因,引导原因状语从句故选A项
四、单句改错1.Idontknowwhattodobecausethenumberofproblemshavearisen.______________________________________________________答案the→a 此处表述“大量的问题出现了”thenumberof...“……的数量”;anumberof“许多;大量的”,后接可数名词复数形式2.Donttakeanythingaway.Fatherlikeseverythingtobeintheplace.______________________________________________________答案去掉the inplace“在适当的位置”3.Wetrytocreateworkexperienceopportunitiesthatwillreallymakebigdifferencetous.______________________________________________________答案make后加a makeadifference“有影响;起作用”4.Hedecidedtoapplyforthebossforajobthenextday.______________________________________________________答案第一个for→to applytosb.for...“向某人申请……”5.Thereisnodoubtwhetherglobalwarmingisathreattousall.______________________________________________________答案whether→that Thereisnodoubtthat...“毫无疑问……”
五、短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改增加在缺词处加一个漏字符号∧,并在其下面写出该加的词删除把多余的词用斜线\划掉修改在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词注意
1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2.只允许修改10处,多者从第11处起不计分2018·陕西省部分学校第一学期摸底检测Asisoftenthecase,whenpeopleareattendingmeetingshavingmealsorwaitingforbuses,youcanalwaysfinditaddictedtotheirphones,pletelyignoreothers.Thisisreallyamonphenomenoninourlife.ThereasonisbecausesmartphonesnowadayscanbeusedforpeopletoplaymobilegamesbutkeepintouchwithfriendsthroughQQandWeChat.However,toomanyexposuretophonesisbadforpeopleintermofhealth.Moreover,peoplewhowereengagedinphonesfailtomunicatewellthosearoundthem.AsfarasImconcerned,peopleshouldwisemakeuseoftheirphonestohelpwiththeirworkandstudy.Inadditionto,theyshouldcaremoreabouttheirfamilymembersandfriendsratherthansmartphones.【答案】Asisoftenthecase,whenpeopleareattendingmeetingshavingmealsorwaitingforbuses,youcanalwaysfindaddictedtotheirphones,pletelyothers.Thisisreallyamonphenomenoninourlife.ThereasonissmartphonesnowadayscanbeusedforpeopletoplaymobilegameskeepintouchwithfriendsthroughQQandWeChat.However,tooexposuretophonesisbadforpeopleinofhealth.Moreover,peoplewhoengagedinphonesfailtomunicatewellthosearoundthem.AsfarasImconcerned,peopleshouldmakeuseoftheirphonestohelpwiththeirworkandstudy.Inaddition,theyshouldcaremoreabouttheirfamilymembersandfriendsratherthansmartphones.第一处it改为them考查代词此处表示你总是能发现他们沉溺于手机故将it改为them第二处ignore改为ignoring考查非谓语动词分析句子结构可知,ignore与其逻辑主语people之间是主谓关系,故将ignore改为ignoring第三处because改为that考查表语从句Thereasonisthat...是固定句型,意为“原因是……”,that引导表语从句,在从句中不做成分第四处but改为and考查连词根据语境可知,该处前后是并列关系,说明手机的功能,故将but改为and第五处many改为much考查限定词exposure是不可数名词,故将many改为much第六处term改为terms考查固定搭配intermsof...为固定搭配,意为“就……而言”第七处were改为are考查时态此处描述的是客观事实,应用一般现在时,故将were改为are第八处those前加with考查介词固定搭配municatewithsb.意为“和某人交流”,故在those前加with第九处wise改为wisely考查副词此处应用副词修饰动词短语makeuseof,故将wise改为wisely第十处删除addition后的to考查固定短语根据语境可知,此处表示“除此之外,此外”,应用inaddition来表示;inadditionto是介词短语,后跟名词、代词、动词ing形式作宾语,不能单独使用。