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2019高考英语一轮阅读理解选练
(6)AIllegallytradedendangeredspeciesthatescapeformingsecondarypopulationsofferhopetotheirlong-termsurvivalastudysuggests.ThisfirstcametomyattentionwhenIreadanewsstoryabouttheseizureofanillegalshipmentof23yellowcrestedcockatoos小葵花凤头鹦鹉saidLukeGibsonacollegeteacher.Helearnedthatthespecieswascriticallyendangeredwhichsurprisedhim.ThisencouragedDr.Gibsonandhiscolleaguetoinvestigate调查howacriticallyendangeredspecieshadbeeself-sustainingoutsideofitsnaturalrange.Theydiscovered49casesofagloballythreatenedspeciesbeingestablishedasaseparatepopulationwhichtheyhadn’tthoughtofincludingtheyellow-crestedcockatoointheircity.ThisisaspecieswhichisprimarilythreatenedbywildlifetradehetoldBBCNews.Poachers偷猎者gooutintotheforestinitsnativerangeineasternIndonesiaandcapturethebirdandthenshipthemoffusuallyuptoourcitywherethereisastrongdemandforpetbirds.Thisiswhathasfueledthedeclineofthisspeciesinitsnativerange.Butitsreallyinterestingbecausethatsamecausealsohadanothereffect:someofthepeoplewhowerekeepingthisspecieshereaccidentallyorintentionallyreleasedthem.”Asaresultofenoughofthebirdssetfreeitallowedanewself-sustainingpopulationtobeestablishedinthiscity.ThegovernmentinofDr.Gibson’scityhasmadeitillegaltocapturethespecieseventhoughitisanon-nativespecies.BecausethecityisaffluentandrelativelywelleducatedthecasesofpeoplebreakingthelawareextremelyrareexplainedDrGibsonunlikeinitsnativerangeinIndonesiawherecapturingbirdsformsamajorsourceofine.Howevertherecanbedownsides缺点tothenewlyestablishedpopulationofendangeredspeciessuchasalimitedgeneticpoolandsufferingfromnoveldiseases.Itdidalsopresentapossible“veryinteresting”opportunityforconservationistsDr.Gibsonsuggested.Thiswouldinvolveharvestingsomeofthenewlyestablishedsecondarypopulationwhichmayprovideawaytohelpslowglobalbiodiversityloss.
1.WhatwasbeyondGibson’sexpectationsaccordingtothefirstparagraphA.Thehighrateofwildlifetrade.B.Thepreciousnessofthebirds.C.Thefactthatthebirdsnearlydisappear.D.Thenewsthatthebirdswerepoached.
2.WhathappenedunexpectedlywhenthebirdswereshippedabroadA.Theyformedaseparatepopulation.B.Theywerekeptaspetbirds.C.Theyweretradedillegally.D.Theywerekilledforresearch.
3.Whichcanreplacetheunderlinedword“affluent”A.Peace-loving.B.Rich.C.Free.D.Environment–friendly.
4.ForwhatpurposedidtheauthorwritethepassageA.Toappealtoeveryonetostopthewildlifetrade.B.Toexplainthechallengethewildbirdsarefacing.C.Tointroduceacreativeapproachtowildlifeconservation.D.Toraisepeople’sawarenessofprotectingendangeredspecies.【文章大意】本文为说明文讲述的是一项研究表明逃跑的非法交易的濒危物种形成了次级群体,为它们的长期生存提供了希望,也呈现了野生生物保护的一种可能的方法
1.C【解析】细节理解题根据第一段最后一句话Helearnedthatthespecieswascriticallyendangeredwhichsurprisedhim.可知他没有料到的是这些鸟是非常濒危的物种,与C项一致,故选C
2.A【解析】推理判断题根据第三段最后两句话可知有些养这种鸟的人偶然地或者故意地放了它们,由此在这个城市里形成了单独的自我维持数量的鸟,故选A
4.C【解析】观点态度题根据最后一段最后两句话Itdidalsopresentapossible“veryinteresting”opportunityforconservationistsDr.Gibsonsuggested.Thiswouldinvolveharvestingsomeofthenewlyestablishedsecondarypopulationwhichmayprovideawaytohelpslowglobalbiodiversityloss.可知本文作者是为了介绍野生生物保护的一种创新的方法,故选CB2015·山西大学附中第五次月考Paperisacheapandaccessiblemediumthatcanproducebeautifulresults.Tomostpeople,makingapaperplanecouldbeoneofthesimplestthingstodo.It’sthesimplestandeasiestformofpaperart.AndpaperartcanbetracedbacktoJapanwhereitoriginatedoverathousandyearsago.Howeverthere’saspecialminoritywhotakespaperarttothenextlevel,magicallyturningtheplainwhiteorcoloredpaperintosomeofthemostamazingartworks.Checkoutthefollowingartistsandtheirworks!TheDanishartistPeterCallesenisfamousforhistalentinbiningtheminimalism极简的ofawhitesheetofpaperwiththeplexityofcarefullycutandfoldedpaperandusesthetwotobuildoutsomepleasingworks.TheBritishartistSuBlackwelloftengoestosecondhandbookstores—tolookformaterialswithwhichshecancarveoutdelicatesculptures.Themodelslookasifthey“grow”naturallyfromthepagesofthebooks.Theartistfindsinspirationfromthebooktitleoraparagraphorpictureinsideandthenspendsmonthscarefullyslicingeachoneintoaneyecatchingpapermodel.Heroldbooksculpturessellforupto£5,000each.BycarefullyfoldingsimplepiecesofpaperGermanartistSimonSchubertcreatesamazingmasterpieces.Heturnspaperintoarchitecturalmasterpiecesbyfoldingasimplepieceofpapertoshapethecreases褶痕thenunfoldingittoshowthefascinatingartwork.AnothermasterofpaperfoldingisJenStark.Herartworkisoftenintheformofcolorfulcavesandtopographic地形的maps.Usinghervividimaginationandaspecialknifesheisamoderndaymagicianwhoturnshumblematerialslikeconstructionpaperandglueintofantastic,plicatedsculpturesthatpuzzletheeyes.Herworkdrawsinspirationfromnature.1.Accordingtothepassagepaperart________.A.isaboutplanefoldingB.ismostprosperousinJapanC.datesbackto1000B.C.D.isnowonanewlevel2.TheBritishartistmentionedinthepassage________.A.binestheminimalismandplexityofpaperB.oftengetsinspiredbysecondhandbooksC.makesarchitecturalmasterpieceswithSimonSchubertD.isamagicianwhousessimplepapermaterials3.AccordingtothepassageJenStark________.A.isfromGermanyB.usespapertobuildplicatedshapesC.createsthingstoopuzzlingtounderstandD.worksalsoasamagician4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“humble”inthelastparagraphprobablymeanA.monandpopular.B.Simpleandcheap.C.Uselessandpriceless.D.Numbandmeaningless.【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文纸艺术历史悠久,当今纸艺术已发展到了一个新高度本文主要介绍了几个在纸艺术方面造诣颇深的艺术家1.解析选D细节理解题根据第一段中的“However,there’saspecialminoritywhotakespaperarttothenextlevel,magicallyturningtheplainwhiteorcoloredpaperintosomeofthemostamazingartworks.”可知,现在有一些人能魔术般地将普通的白纸或彩纸制作成令人惊叹的艺术作品,将纸艺术发展到了一个新的水平故答案选D2.解析选B细节理解题根据第三段中的“TheBritishartistSuBlackwelloftengoestosecondhandbookstores...Theartistfindsinspirationfromthebooktitleoraparagraphorpictureinside”可知,文章中所提到的这位英国艺术家经常从旧书中得到灵感故答案选B3.解析选B细节理解题根据最后一段中的“sheisamoderndaymagicianwhoturnshumblematerialslikeconstructionpaperandglueintofantastic,plicatedsculpturesthatpuzzletheeyes”可知,JenStark可以将纸变成形状复杂、令人惊异的艺术作品故答案选B4.解析选B词义猜测题“humble”后面的“constructionpaperandglue”意为“美术纸和胶水”,且和下文“fantastic,plicatedsculptures”形成对比可知,美术纸和胶水都是一些很简单且便宜的物品;由此可推知,“humble”的意思应为“简单的,便宜的”故答案选BCIrecentlyheardastoryaboutafamousresearchscientistwhohadmadeseveralveryimportantmedicalachievements.Anewspaperreporterinterviewedhimwhyhewasabletobesomuchmorecreativethantheaverageperson.WhatsethimsofarapartfromothersHerespondedthatitallcamefromanexperiencewithhismotherthatoccurredwhenhewasabouttwoyearsold.Hehadbeentryingtoremoveabottleofmilkfromtherefrigeratorwhenhedroppedtheslipperybottlespillingitscontentsalloverthekitchenfloor—arealseaofmilk!Whenhismothercameintothekitchen,insteadofshoutingathimgivinghimalectureorpunishinghimshesaid“Robertwhatagreatandwonderfulmessyouhavemade!Ihaverarelyseensuchahugepoolofmilk.Wellthedamagehasalreadybeendone.Wouldyouliketogetdownandplayinthemilkforafewminutesbeforewecleanitup?”Indeedtheboydid.Afterafewminuteshismothersaid“YouknowRobertwheneveryoumakeamesslikethiseventuallyyouhavetocleanitupandrestoreeverythingtoitsproperorder.HowwouldyouliketodothatWecoulduseasponge海绵,atoweloramop.Whichdoyouprefer?”Hechosethespongeandtogethertheycleanedupthespilledmilk.Hismotherthensaid,“Youknow,whatwehavehereisafailedexperimentinhowtoeffectivelycarryabigmilkbottlewithtwotinyhands.Letsgooutinthebackyardandfillthebottlewithwaterandseeifyoucanfindawaytocarryitwithoutdroppingit.”Thelittleboylearnedthatifhegraspedthebottleatthetopnearthelipwithbothhandshecouldmakeit.Whatawonderfullesson!Thisfamousscientistthensaidthatitwasatthatmomentthatheknewhedidntneedtobeafraidtomakemistakes.当记者采访一位富有创造性的杰出科学家为什么他与众不同时,这位科学家说这一切源于2岁时妈妈给他上的一课,从中我们可以意识到孩提时代的教育方法的重要性1.Whenthemotherfoundthekitchenfloorcoveredwithmilkshe________.A.gavetheboyalectureinsteadofshoutingathimB.praisedtheboyinsteadofpunishinghimC.feltsatisfiedwiththeboystryingtohelphimselfD.calmeddowntheboyandhelpedhimfindawaytocleanthefloor答案D事实细节题由第
三、
四、五段的内容可知,妈妈看到牛奶洒了一地后,首先安慰那个男孩让他镇定下来,然后帮助他找到清洁地板的方法并找到最终解决怎样用一双小手拿稳瓶子的方法,故选D2.ThechildsexperienceresultedinthefollowingBUT________.A.offeringtheboyachancetograspthebottleB.benefitingtheboyallhislifeC.helpingtheboybemorecreativeD.makingtheboyrealizethemistakeisofvalue答案A推理判断题由第一段和第二段可知当这位富有创造性的科学家被采访到他为何富有创造性时,他说起两岁时的一次经历可以推断出这件事启迪了他的创造性同时也使他终生受益可知B、C正确;由尾段可推知他通过这次经历意识到了错误的价值,故只有A项不是那次经历导致的结果,故答案选A3.Accordingtothepassagethewaythescientistsmotherusedis________.A.instructiveB.strictC.formalD.strange答案A推理判断题通读文章可知妈妈的方法具有教育性、启发性和指导意义故选A4.Thepurposeofthepassageistoshow________.A.ausualwaytocultivateachildB.ascientistsmedicalachievementsC.amotherswisewayofhelpingherchildD.theadvantagesofmakingmistakes答案C推理判断题总览文章可知作者的目的和意图是展示妈妈帮助孩子的明智的方法,故选CD2015·河北衡水中学二模Theearthprovidesuswithalmosteverythingthatweneedtoeatsleepworkandentertain.Todoallthisweusetheearth’sresources.Becausesomeofushavemorebuyingpowertheyendupusingmoreresourcesthantheyusuallyneed.Atthesametimewealsocreateagreatdealofwasteandpollution.Sowealsoneedtothinkabouthowmuchlandweusetodealwiththatwaste.Thentwothingshappen first,largenumbersoftheworld’spopulationgetmuchlessresourcesthantheyneedtolive;secondtheearthisdamaged.Theamountsofresourcesweconsumedarelikefootprints.Theyshowwhoselifestylesareaburdenontheearthandwhoselifestylesarenot.Becauseafewpeopleeatupmostoftheearth’sresourcesthemajorityhavetobeartheconsequences—likepollution.Thisistheecologicalfootprintsthattheearthkeepsinitsmemory.SomeyearsagoafamousexpertcalledWilliamReesdevelopedthisideaoftheecologicalfootprints.Todaythisideahasbeelikeamagnifyingglass放大镜.Itallowsustoseewhetherwearelivinglivesinawaythatkeepstheearthinareasonablygoodshape.Oncetheearthgoesoutofshapethereisnohopeforhumanbeings.CountriesliketheUnitedStatesandCanadahavebigecologicalfootprints.ReescalculatedthattheaverageamountofenergyandmaterialsconsumedbyaCanadianiswhatalandof
4.3hectarescanproduce.Indiahasafootprintof
0.
4.ThismeansthattheenergyandmaterialsconsumedbyanIndianiswhat
0.4hectaresoflandcanproduce.Butifwelookmorecarefully,wewillfindthatevenwithinIndiathefootprintsofthecityIndianaremuchlargerthantheruralIndian.1.WhichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthistextA.FootprintsontheEarthB.HowtoProtecttheEarthC.FootprintsofWildAnimalsD.HowtoReducePollutionontheEarth2.Ourfootprintsontheearthreferto________.A.thecitieswebuildB.thecultureswecreateC.themarksweleaveonroadsbehindusD.theresourcesweuseandthewasteweproduce3.Accordingtothetextrichpeople________.A.shouldgivemoremoneytothepoorB.areusingtoomanyresourcesC.arehelpingthepoortolivebetterlivesD.shouldliveinruralareaswiththepoor4.WelearnfromthetextthatRees________.A.putforwardtheideaoftheecologicalfootprintsB.thoughthighlyoftheUnitedStatesandCanadaC.thoughtIndiawasanextremelypoorcountryD.thoughtrichpeoplemadegreatcontributionstosociety【解题导语】 本文是一篇议论文我们消费及浪费的能源数量就是留在地球上的脚印,脚印越多说明消费的资源越多,给地球造成的负担越重一旦把地球踩得变了形,那人类就没有了生存的希望1.解析选A标题归纳题纵观全文可知,第二段是本文的主题段根据第二段第一句主题句“Theamountsofresourcesweconsumedarelikefootprints.”并结合下文中多次提到的“footprints”可知,A项意为“地球上的脚印”,适合做标题故答案选A2.解析选D细节理解题根据第二段第一句“Theamountsofresourcesweconsumedarelikefootprints.”可知,地球上的脚印指的是我们消费的能源数量故答案选D3.解析选B推理判断题根据第一段第三句“Becausesomeofushavemorebuyingpower,theyendupusingmoreresourcesthantheyusuallyneed.”可知,有更强购买力的人使用的资源超过了他们的实际需要,即富人消耗的资源太多故答案选B4.解析选A细节理解题根据第三段第一句“Someyearsago...WilliamRees,developedthisideaoftheecologicalfootprints.”可知,答案选AEWhenyoudon’thaveanythingplannedforthedayorit’srainyoutsideandyourchildrenarestuckinthehousewhynotsitaroundandtellthemriddles(谜语)Tellingriddleswillmakeyourfamilylaughandsometimesevenscratchtheirheadstryingtofigureoutwhattheansweris.Riddleshavebeenapastimeforcenturies.NotonlyhaveriddlesbeensomethingforpassingthetimebuttheyhavealsobeenusedtopassonsecretinformationduringtheSecondWorldWar.EventheancientGreeksusedriddles.Theywouldtellriddlesatpartiesandwhoeverwasthefirsttogetthemrightwouldreceiveprize.Mostriddlesusewordsthathavedoublemeaningsorsharethesamesoundlike“hear”and“here”.Soinordertogettheriddleyouwillhavetodosomecreativethinkingandthinkofallthepossibilitiesofdifferentwords.Thedifficultyoffiguringouttheriddleisbasedontheriddleitself.Theriddlehastoprovideyouwithenoughcluestoetotherightanswerbutthatdoesn’tmeanthattheclueshavetobeeasy.Ifyouarelookingtotellriddlesbutdon’tknowanyyoucanlookonlineandyouwillfindalargenumberofsitesthatwillhavehundredsofdifferentriddlestochoosefrom.Ifyouwouldliketolooksomewhereelsethenyoucouldlookatyourlocalbookstorewhereyouwillbeabletofindmanydifferentbookswiththousandsofriddlestochoosefrom.Youcanevenfindwebsitesandbooksthatwilltellyouhowtowriteyourownriddles.Afteryouhavefoundsomeresourcesthathavedifferentriddlesyouwillneedtoreadthroughthemtofindtherightonesforyouandyourfamily:Youwillalsoneedtomakesurethatyourkidswillhaveachancetofigureouttheanswers.Sotakeyourtimeandchoosethefightfamilyriddlestotell.1.Whatistheauthor’smainpurposeinwritingthetextA.Toremendaninterestingfamilyactivity.B.Tostresstheimportanceoffamilyactivities.C.Toencouragechildrentoreadmorebooks.D.Tointroducethehistoryofriddles.2.Fromthetextweknowthatriddles_______.A.donothaveenoughcluesB.haveaverylonghistoryC.wereusedinWorldWarOneD.werefirstusedinancientRome3.InParagraph3theauthormainly________.A.discusseshowriddlesarecreatedB.explainswhyfiddlesareinterestingC.tellspeoplehowtosolveriddlesD.showsthebenefitsoftellingriddles4.Tocollectriddlestheauthorsuggests________.A.onewayB.twowaysC.threewaysD.fourways试题分析本文介绍了一种古老的消磨时间的方法riddles并告诉我们猜谜的方法以及找到这些字谜的地方1.A推理题根据文章第一段12行Whenyoudon’thaveanythingplannedforthedayorit’srainyoutsideandyourchildrenarestuckinthehousewhynotsitaroundandtellthemriddles可知本文中作者向我们推荐了一种猜谜的游戏故A正确2.B细节题根据文章第二段第一句Riddleshavebeenapastimeforcenturies.可知这种游戏已经存在了很长时间了故B正确3.C推理题根据文章第三段Soinordertogettheriddleyouwillhavetodosomecreativethinkingandthinkofallthepossibilitiesofdifferentwords.Thedifficultyoffiguringouttheriddleisbasedontheriddleitself.Theriddlehastoprovideyouwithenoughcluestoetotherightanswerbutthatdoesn’tmeanthattheclueshavetobeeasy.可知本段告诉我们的是猜出这些字谜的方法,就是要运用字谜里出现的线索故C正确4.B细节题根据文章倒数第二段Ifyouarelookingtotellriddlesbutdon’tknowanyyoucanlookonlineandyouwillfindalargenumberofsitesthatwillhavehundredsofdifferentriddlestochoosefrom.Ifyouwouldliketolooksomewhereelsethenyoucouldlookatyourlocalbookstore可知作者告诉了我们两种猜字谜的方法,一种是到网络上寻找一种是到当地的书店里找一共有两种方法故B正确考点考察说明文。