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Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars【阅读理解插花】Themorehoursyoungchildrenspendinchildcarethemorelikelytheyaretoturnoutaggressiveanddisobedientbythetimetheyareinkindergartenaccordingtothelargeststudyofchildcareanddevelopmenteverconducted.Researcherssaidthiscorrelation相关性heldtrueregardlessofwhetherthechildrencamefromrichorpoorhomeswerelookedafterbyarelativeoratacenterandwhethertheyweregirlsorboys.Whatisuncertainhoweveriswhetherthechildcareactuallycausestheproblemorwhetherchildrenlikelytoturnoutaggressivehappentobethosewhospendmorehoursinchildcare.Italsoremainsunclearwhetherreducingtheamountoftimeinchildcarewillreducetheriskthatachildwillturnintoameanperson.What’smorequalitychildcareisassociatedwithincreasedskillsinintellectualabilitysuchaslanguageandmemoryleadingsomeacademicstosuggestthatchildcareturnsoutchildrenwhoare“smartandnaughty”.Thegovernment-sponsoredresearchwhichhastrackedmorethan1300childrenat10sitesacrossthecountrysince1991isboundtocausethedebateoverchildcareagain:HowshouldpeoplebalanceworkandfamilyAndhowshouldparentsespeciallymothersresolvethedemandsthatareplacedonthemtobebothbreadwinnersandsupermomsThatdebatewasalreadyondisplayatanewbriefingyesterdaywhereresearchersthemselveshaddifferentopinionsaboutthedataanditsimplications含义.“Thereisaconstantrelationshipbetweentimeinchildcareandproblembehaviorespeciallythoseinvolvingaggression”saidJayBelskyofBirkbeckCollegeinLondononeoftheleadinvestigatorsofthestudywhohaspreviouslyannoyedwomen’sgroupsbecauseofhiscriticismsofchildcare.“Onbehalfoffathersormothers”interruptedSarahFriedmanadevelopmentalpsychologistattheNationalInstituteofChildHealthandHumanDevelopmentNICHDandoneoftheotherleadscientistsonthestudy.“Onbehalfofparentsandfamilies”respondedBelsky.“NICHDisnotwillingtogetintopolicyremendations”saidFriedmancontradictinghercolleague.“Thereareotherpossibilitiesthatcanbeentertained.Yesitisaquicksolution—morehoursinchildcareisassociatedwithmoreproblems.Theeasysolutionistocutthenumberofhoursbutthatmayhaveimplicationsforthefamilythatmaynotbebeneficialforthedevelopmentofthechildrenintermsofeconomics.”InaninterviewafterthebriefingFriedmansaidthataskingparentstoworkfewerhoursandspendmoretimewiththeirchildrenusuallymeantalossoffamilyinewhichadversely不利地affectschildren.Scientistssaidthatthestudywashighlyreliable.Buttheresearcherssaidtheyhadnoideawhetherthebehavioraldifficultiespersistedasthechildrenmovedtohighergrades.【文章大意】本文讲述儿童早期在托管所的成长对孩子的心理有负面影响
1.Childrenwhospendmoretimeinqualitychildcarewill________.A.developgreaterabilityinlanguageB.beeasytomanageandlessnaughtyC.possessgreatrisk-takingspiritD.begreedyandmeantotheirclassmates【解析】选A细节理解题根据文章第二段的“What’smorequalitychildcareisassociatedwithincreasedskills...”可知A项培养更强的语言能力表述正确
2.WhatisstillunknownaboutthechildreninkindergartenA.Whetherhigherlevelofaggressivenesscanbeavoidedwithlongerchildcare.B.Wherelongerchildcareequallyaffectschildrenfromdifferentfamilies.C.Whetheraggressivenessisadirectresultoflongerchildcare.D.Whetherlongerchildcareimprovesintellectualabilityinchildren.【解析】选C推理判断题根据第二段中的“Whatisuncertainhoweveriswhetherthechildcareactuallycausestheproblemorwhetherchildrenlikelytoturnoutaggressivehappentobethosewhospendmorehoursinchildcare.不确定的是是否托管所真能导致这些问题以及是否可能有攻击性的孩子刚好是那些在托管所里待时间长的孩子”可知答案C攻击性是否是长时间待在托管所的直接结果和上文表述一致故选C
3.Inthefifthparagraphtheword“it”probablymeans“________”.A.NICHDisunwillingtogiveparentsremendationsB.NICHDiswillingtogivepolicyadviceconcerningchildcareC.thenumberofhoursinchildcareshouldbereducedsignificantlyD.parentsshoulddisciplinethebehavioroftheirchildrenmorestrictly【解析】选C词义猜测题根据上文JayBelsky的观点“Thereisaconstantrelationshipbetweentimeinchildcareandproblembehaviorespeciallythoseinvolvingaggression”托管时间和问题行为有特定的联系特别是涉及攻击性方面故这里的it指的是“托管时间应该减少”教材与语法填空根据教材课文内容,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式Theearthwasjustacloudofdustafterthe“BigBang”.Theearthexploded
1.loudwithfireandrock.Theywereintime
2.producemanythingswhichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.Astheearthcooleddownwaterbegantoappearonitssurface.Itallowedtheearthtodissolve
3.harmgases.Thenlifebegantodevelop.Thefirstextremelysmallplantsmultipliedandfilledtheoceansandseas
4.oxygen.Thisencouragedthe
5.developofearlyshellfishandfish.Landanimalssuchasinsectsreptilesanddinosaurs
6.appearaftergreenplantsappeared.Smallcleveranimalsspreadallovertheearth.They
7.puttoomuchcarbondioxideintotheatmosphere,
8.preventsheatfromescapingfromtheearthintospace.
9.lifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstoewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcan
10.solve.答案
1.loudly
2.toproduce
3.harmful
4.with5.development
6.appeared
7.areputting8.which
9.Whether
10.besolved教材与话题写作Ⅰ用本单元所学知识完成下列句子1.我们能否登上火星依赖于科学技术的发展land;dependon答案WhetherwecanlandonMarsdependsonthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology.2.火星上没有氧气,昼夜温差大,这使我们不能生活在那里makeit+adj.答案ThereisnooxygenonMarsandthetemperaturechangesgreatlyfromdaytonight,andthismakesitimpossibleforustolivethere.3.火星与地球环境完全不同bedifferentfrom答案TheenvironmentofMarsisquitedifferentfromthatofourearth.4.如果我们想到火星上住些日子,我们要带上氧气、食物、衣服等takealong...with答案IfwewanttostayonMarsforafewdays,weshouldtakealongourownoxygen,food,clothingandsoonwithus.5.我坚信不久的将来我们一定能成功地登上火星succeedindoing答案IfirmlybelievethatwewillsucceedinlandingonMarsinthenearfuture.Ⅱ将以上句子连成短文,要求衔接连贯、过渡自然【完形填空插花】阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可能填入空白处的最佳选项IlivedinDallas,Texasnearlyallmylifewithmydad,momandyoungerbrother.Wewereraisedto__1__others,valueeducation,andgetallthatwecouldoutoflife.Myparentsalwayssay,“Work__2__andtheworldisyours.”Theyare__3__withoutahelpfulwordof__4__orabitofencouragementwhenlifegets__5__.Myparentsalways__6__metogotocollege.HoweverwhenI__7__at16yearsoldthatIdrathergetmarriedtoaman__8__gotocollege,theyneverstoppedtellingmetheylovedmeandIcoulddoanythingIwantedto.Thankfully,theypersuadedme.Igraduatedfromhighschoolandcurrently__9__theUniversityofOklahomastudyingmedicine.Iwanttomaketheworlda__10__placetolivein.EverytimeIcallhometotellthemaboutagradereceivedinthechemistrylabor__11__classitisthatImworkinghardestonforthemoment,theytellmehow__12__ofmetheyare.Iknowtherearecollegekidsouttherethathavenooneto__13__hometowhentheygetan“A”onaprojectandIfeelincredibly__14__tohavemyparents.Theynever__15__lovingmeorbelievinginme.ParentsarethebestgiftthatGodgivesme.__16__theirconstantloveandencouragement,IwouldntbelieveIcan__17__theworld.Myparents__18__metoalwaysfightforwhatI__19__in.SoImworkingtowardsomethingreallygreatandcanonlyhopeI__20__tomakethemproud.1.A.inspire B.respectC.guideD.follow2.A.hardB.solidlyC.attentivelyD.intelligently3.A.sometimesB.anytimeC.everD.never4.A.methodB.adviceC.educationD.introduction5.A.toughB.smoothC.brightD.happy6.A.remindedB.supposedC.designedD.expected7.A.decidedB.hesitatedC.judgedD.remembered8.A.butB.andC.thanD.while9.A.joinedB.attendedC.servedD.admitted10.A.fortableB.suitableC.peacefulD.better11.A.wheneverB.whicheverC.whereverD.however12.A.ashamedB.nervousC.proudD.modest13.A.goB.runC.returnD.call14.A.blessedB.annoyedC.praisedD.relaxed15.A.stoppedB.helpedC.blamedD.prevented16.A.WithB.WithoutC.UnderD.Beneath17.A.changeB.destroyC.conquerD.challenge18.A.forcedB.orderedC.allowedD.taught19.A.enjoyB.workC.believeD.live20.A.wantB.wishC.haveD.continue【解题导语】爸爸、妈妈、弟弟和“我”住在达拉斯,父母教育我们要尊重别人,重视教育,他们的爱和鼓励对“我”意义重大1.B 根据全文内容可知,父母教育我们要尊重别人,重视教育respect意为“尊敬,尊重”,符合语境2.A 父母总是教育我们“努力工作,世界就是你们的”故选A3.D 当生活变得艰难时,父母总会给我们有益的建议或一些鼓励neverwithout为双重否定,表示肯定的意思4.B 参见上题解析ahelpfulwordofadvice表示“有用的建议”5.A 参见3题解析tough“艰难的,艰苦的”6.D 根据该段中的“Thankfullytheypersuadedme”可知,父母一直期望“我”上大学并最终说服了“我”expect“期望,期待”7.A 根据下文父母对“我”的劝说可知,16岁时“我”决定decided结婚而不是上大学8.C 16岁时“我”决定结婚而不是上大学wouldrather...than...为固定用法,表示“宁愿……而不愿……”9.B 根据文中的“theypersuadedme.Igraduatedfromhighschooland...medicine”可知,“我”高中毕业后上了一所大学attend意为“经常去,定期去学校、教堂等”10.D 根据文中的“theUniversityofOklahomastudyingmedicine”可知,“我”主修医学,想让这个世界成为更好的better可供人们生活的地方11.B 每次当“我”打电话告诉他们“我”在实验室里的成绩或是“我”当时正努力学习的任何一门课程时,他们会告诉“我”他们以“我”为傲whicheverclass意为“无论哪一门课”12.C 父母以“我”取得的成绩而自豪beproudof为固定用法,意为“以……自豪”13.D “我”知道有的大学生在得到一个“A”时,因没家人所以无法打电话回家故选D14.A 和那些得了“A”却没有家人可告知的同学相比,“我”有这样的父母是非常有福的blessed意义“有福的”15.A 父母从不停止对“我”的爱,从不停止对“我”的信赖stopdoingsth.“停止做某事”16.B 没有Without父母持续不断的爱和鼓励,“我”不可能相信“我”能改变世界17.A 参见上题解析故选A18.D 父母一直教育taught“我”去为“我”认为对的事而奋斗19.C 参见上题解析believeinsth.“认为某事好或对、可接受”,符合语境20.D “我”会继续努力,希望父母继续为“我”感到自豪continuetodosth.表示“继续做某事”,为固定用法下面是李华的一篇作文,文中有五处错误,改正错误并背诵该文WhetherwecanlandonMarsdependonthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology.ThereisnooxygenonMarsandthetemperaturechangesgreatfromdaytonight,whichmakesitimpossibleforuslivethere.Asweallknow,theenvironmentofMarsisquitedifferentfromthatofourearth.Inafact,ifwewanttostayonMarsforafewdays,weshouldtakealongourownoxygen,food,clothingandsoonwithus.However,IfirmlybelievethatwewillsucceedinlandonMarsinthenearfuture.答案WhetherwecanlandonMarsonthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology.ThereisnooxygenonMarsandthetemperaturechangesfromdaytonight,whichmakesitimpossibleforuslivethere.Asweallknow,theenvironmentofMarsisquitedifferentfromthatofourearth.Infact,ifwewanttostayonMarsforafewdays,weshouldtakealongourownoxygen,food,clothingandsoonwithus.However,IfirmlybelievethatwewillsucceedinonMarsinthenearfuture.。