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Friendship人教必修一Unit1 Friendship【短文语法填空】ClassicalChinesepoetryistraditionalChinesepoetry
1.writeinClassicalChineseandtypifiedbycertaintraditionalformsandclose
2.connectwithparticularhistoricalperiods,suchasthepoetryoftheTangDynasty.Itsexistence
3.documentatleastasearlyasthepublicationoftheClassicofPoetryorShijing.
4.varietybinationsofformsandgenresexist.Manyormostofthese
5.ariseattheendoftheTangDynasty.UseanddevelopmentofClassicalChinesepoetry
6.activecontinueduptotheyearof1919,
7.theMayFourthMovementtookplace,andisstilldevelopedeventoday.Poetrycreatedduringthis2,500yearperiodofmoreorlesscontinuousdevelopmentshows
8.greatdealofdiversity—classifiedbybothmajorhistoricalperiodsandbydynasticperiods.OfthekeyaspectsofClassicalChinesepoetry,anotheris
9.itintenseinterrelationshipwithotherformsofChineseart,suchasChinesepaintingandChinesecalligraphy.ClassicalChinesepoetryhasproventobeofstronginfluence
10.poetryworldwide.【语篇解读】 本文为说明文文章简单介绍了中国古诗的一些相关情况1.written [考查非谓语动词中国古诗是用古文写的传统中国诗歌write与poetry之间是动宾关系,故用过去分词作后置定语]2.connections [考查名词空前有形容词close“紧密的”,故空处填名词connection在此表示“两种事实、观念等的联系,关联”,是可数名词,故填名词的复数形式]3.isdocumented [考查动词的时态和语态document在此表示“记录,记载”,是及物动词,document与existence之间是动宾关系,故用被动语态,且此处表示客观事实,要用一般现在时]4.Various [考查形容词存在多种多样的形式和种类的结合体空处修饰名词binations,故填形容词various“多种多样的”]5.arose [考查动词的时态它们中的很多或者说大部分产生于唐代晚期arise“产生,出现”,是不及物动词,根据时间状语attheendoftheTangDynasty可知本句用一般过去时]6.actively [考查副词分析句子结构可知,空处修饰谓语动词continued,故用副词actively“活跃地”]7.when [考查定语从句分析句子结构可知,空处引导定语从句,先行词是theyearof1919,空处在从句中作时间状语,故填when]8.a [考查冠词agreatdealof“大量的,许多”,是固定搭配,修饰不可数名词,故填a]9.its [考查代词空处指代对象是ClassicalChinesepoetry,且表示“……的”,故填its][易错分析] 本空容易误填their,因为学生没有弄清楚文章的逻辑关系,以为空处指代的对象是前面的thekeyaspects但是如果这样的话,句意就说不通了10.on/upon [考查介词influence“影响”常与介词on/upon连用]addvt.vi.增加;添加;补充说addup把……加起来addupto加起来共计/达不用于被动语态addto增加;增添add...to...把……加入到……
①教材原句Addupyourscoreandseehowmanypointsyouget.把你的分数加起来看看能得多少分
②Thislatestincidentwill_addaddtothepressureonthegovernment.最近的这次事件将会给政府增加压力
③单句语法填空2017·全国卷ⅠOurcaféoffersapletemenuoflunchandsnackoptionsinadditionaddtoseasonalspecials.concernvt.使担忧;涉及;关系到n.关心;关注;关系1show/expressconcernabout/for对……表示关心It’snoconcernofmine/yours.这不关我/你的事2concernedadj.担心的;关注的beconcernedabout/over/for关心;挂念;担心beconcernedwith/in与……有关;涉及as/sofaras...beconcerned就……而言3concerningprep.关于;有关
①教材原句Youwilltellyourfriendthatyouareconcernedabouthim/herandyouwillmeetafterclassandtalkthen.告诉你的朋友你关心他/她,下课后你们就见面谈谈
②语境填词用concern及其短语的适当形式填空Besidesdoinghisresearchwork,ProfessorLiconcernsconcernhimselfwithsocialwork.Forexample,heis_concernedconcernaboutworldpeaceandhumanprogress.Healsomadeitclearthathisresearchworkshouldbe_concernedconcernwiththefarmers’ine.除了做研究工作外,李教授还参与到社会工作中去比如,他关注世界和平以及人类的进步,他还声明说他的研究工作必须和农民的收入息息相关
③2016·全国卷ⅡOthersare_concernedconcernaboutusinggardeningmethodsthatrequirelesswaterandfewerfertilizers肥料.别的一些人对采用这种需要水和肥料少的园艺方法担心
④单句语法填空2017·江苏卷Nowsimilarconcernsconcernarebeingraisedbythegiants巨头thatdealindatatheoilofthedigitalage.concerned作形容词充当前置定语时,意为“关心的,挂念的,担心的”;如果要表示“相关的,有关的”,作定语时要后置例如aconcernedlook关切的神色;theauthoritiesconcerned有关当局suffervt.vi.遭受;忍受;经历1suffervt.遭受;蒙受,其后常接pain,loss,defeat,poverty,hunger,punishment,hardship,damage等名词作宾语2suffervi.后常接from,表示“受……折磨;受……之苦;患某种疾病”3sufferingn.[U]痛苦;苦难[pl.]痛苦;苦恼
①教材原句Shesufferedfromloneliness,butshehadtolearntolikeitthere.她感到孤独,但她得学会喜欢住在那里
②2016·江苏卷Shesufferedsufferalotofdefeatsattheprevioustrackmeets.她在以前的田径运动会上遭受了许多失败
③Having_sufferedsufferdefeatafterdefeat,hebegantolosefaithinhimself.遭受了一次又一次的失败,他开始对自己失去信心
④单句语法填空2017·北京卷Parishad_sufferedsufferasuddenheartfailure.Paris突然心脏病发作【七选五】FoursimplewaystostaypositiveTryingtostaypositivebothingoodtimesandbadisagreatwaytoimproveyourqualityoflife.Trythesefourmethodsonadailybasis.Don’tthinkalotaboutnegativity.Ofcoursestayingpositive24hoursadaysevendaysaweekisabitdifficult.Lettingthingsgettoyouisnormalandit’sactuallyhealthytocryorexpressfrustrationsonceinawhile.It’swhenthosenegativemomentscontrolyourlifethatyouremotionalbalanceisatrisk. 1 Howeverdon’tgivethatsadnessanothersecondinyourday. 2 Whatyouputintoyourbodydirectlyaffectshowyoufeelontheoutside.Fillyourselfwithgoodhealthyfoodslikefruitsandvegetablesandlimitsnacking.Exerciseisequallyofgreatimportance.Takeafewdaysoutofyourweekforatleastahalfanhourofactivityandtrytosticktoaroutine. 3 Bekindtoothers. 4 Makingsomeone’sdayabitbrighternotonlyputsasmileonhisorherfacebutalsoyoursaswell.Remembertosmileandtreateachpersonwithpityandrespect.Gooddeedsarecontagious 传染的andyourpositiveattitudemayspreadamongothers.Takeitonedayatatime.Beingpositiveisn’taninstantthing.It’sasteadyeffortthatwefolloweveryhourofeveryday. 5 Insteadfocusonlivinginthemomentanddoingwhatyoucantomakeeachmomentbetter.A.Eathealthyandstayfit.B. Takeyourlunchbreaksoutside.C. Don’tworryaboutwhatthefuturemaybring.D. Gratefulnesshelpsyouappreciatelifeinbadtimes.E. Goodfeelingsefromactsofkindnessandselflessness.F. Takeafewminutestofeelsadandacceptwhathappened.G. Evengoingoutsideforawalkandenjoyingthesunshineimprovesyourmood.【文章大意】本文为说明文讲述的是每天保持积极乐观的四种方法
1.F【解析】根据下文Howeverdon’tgivethatsadnessanothersecondinyourday.可知此处表示你可以花几分钟感觉难过,然后接受发生的事情,但是在你的一天里不能再难过了,故选F
2.A【解析】根据本段内容可知本段表示的是要吃得健康并保持健康,故选A
4.E【解析】本段讲述的是要对别人和善,要尊重和同情每一个人,你做的好事也会影响别人效仿你,由此可知此处表示"好的感觉来自于善意和无私的行为",故选E
5.C【解析】根据下文Insteadfocusonlivinginthemomentanddoingwhatyoucantomakeeachmomentbetter.(集中注意力活在当下,尽你所能地使每一个都变得更好)可知此处表示"不要担心未来可能会带来什么",故选Cgothrough经历;仔细检查;完成goahead前进;请说做吧goagainst背叛;违背;违反gobackto...回来;追溯到……goby走过某处;时间过去,流逝goon继续goout外出;火、灯熄灭goover越过……;温习
①教材原句Orareyouafraidthatyourfriendwouldlaughatyou,orwouldnotunderstandwhatyouaregoingthrough或者害怕你的朋友嘲笑你,或者不理解你正经历的事情?
②It’snousegoinggoagainstthedirector’sdecision.反对上司的决定没用观察下列句子,写出句中gothrough的含义
③Theoldmanwentthroughalotofsufferingduringthewar.经历
④Thedoctorwillgothroughtheoperationsoon.完成;做完
⑤Iwentthroughthestudents’paperslastnight.仔细检查
⑥Iseemtobegoingthroughalotofmoneyatthemoment.花完,用掉
⑦单句语法填空2017·全国卷ⅡTheTransitionisnowgoing_throughcrashteststomakesureitmeetsfederalsafetystandards.setdown写下;放下;使飞机着陆setaboutdoingsth.着手做某事setout出发;todosth.开始,着手做某事setoff动身for...;引爆炸弹等setup竖起;创设;开办setaside储蓄;搁置;忽视;抛弃
①教材原句Idon’twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiaryasmostpeopledo,butIwantthisdiaryitselftobemyfriend...我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账,我要把这本日记当作我的朋友……
②Thebusstoppedto_setsetdownanoldlady.公共汽车停下来让一个老太太下车
③Fromalongtermpointofview,itistimeforusto_setsetaboutsolvingsolvethisproblem.从长远看,到了我们着手解决这个问题的时候了setabout表示“着手做……”时后接doing或名词;而setout表示“着手做……”时后面接todogetalong/onwith与某人相处;某事进展如何getin插话;收获;进入getit明白;理解getacross讲清楚;使被领会getawayfrom离开;脱身getabout/around消息传开getdowntodoingsth.认真做某事;开始着手做某事getover渡过;痊愈;恢复getthrough穿越;通过考试;联络上
①教材原句I’mgettingalongwellwithaboyinmyclass.我跟我们班的一个男生相处得很好
②Wehaven’tagreatine,butwemanageto_getgetalong.我们收入不多,但我们想法生活下去
③单句语法填空2017·全国卷ⅢFormanyolderpeopleparticularlythoselivingaloneorinthecountrydrivingisimportantforpreservingtheirindependencegivingthemthefreedomto_getgetoutandaboutwithouthavingtorelyonothers.【短文改错】LastSunday,Ijoinedthevoluntarygrouptohelpkeepthetrafficingoodorderatabigcrossingnearourschool.At8∶00a.m.,wearrivedthere,woreredvestswiththewordVOLUNTEERontheback.Wehelpedwiththepoliceremindthepassers-bytoobeytrafficrule.Toourdelighted,theyallwaitedforthegreenlightpatientexceptonemotor-biker.Wealsogiveoutsomehandmadebrochuresabouttrafficregulations,forthatmanypeoplepraisedus.About4hourslater,theysaidgood-byetothepoliceandleft.Tiredaswewere,weallfeltanhonortodoourparts.答案LastSunday,Ijoinedvoluntarygrouptohelpkeepthetrafficingoodorderatabigcrossingnearourschool.At8∶00a.m.,wearrivedthere,redvestswiththewordVOLUNTEERontheback.Wehelpedwiththepoliceremindthepassers-bytoobeytraffic.Toour,theyallwaitedforthegreenlightexceptonemotor-biker.Wealsooutsomehand-madebrochuresabouttrafficregulations,formanypeoplepraisedus.About4hourslater,saidgood-byetothepoliceandleft.Tiredaswewere,weallfeltanhonortodoourparts.❶ 解析在全文中是第一次出现,不能用特指,而应用泛指故将the改为a❷ 解析现在分词作状语表主动含义,此处wear的主语是we,其间是主动关系❸ 解析帮助某人做某事,不存在helpwithsb.sth这一搭配故将with去掉❹ 解析交通法规为固定用语,法规肯定不可能就一个故将rule改为rules❺ 解析固定用语,意为令我们高兴的是……故将delighted改为delight❻ 解析副词修饰形容词,此处是用副词patiently修饰形容词waited❼ 解析整篇文章所描述的事情发生在过去,所以动词应用过去时态❽ 解析考查定语从句中介词+which的用法,此处for是与后面praised相照应的,praisesb.forsth.❾ 解析全篇的人称都是we我们,根据句意也应该是“我们和警察道别” 解析it在此处作形式宾语不可省略,真正的宾语是后面的不定式Whilewalking_the_dog,youwerecarelessanditgotlooseandwashitbyacar.在遛狗的时候,你不小心松了手,结果狗被一辆汽车撞了句中whilewalkingthedog是一个省略句,补全后为whileyouwerewalkingthedog1省略句的条件
①when,while,before,after,unless,if,asif等状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或从句主语为it
②状语从句谓语中含有be动词2省略句的形式省略从句中的主语和be动词
③2016·上海卷Whenchoosingchooseeverydayproductssuchastoothpaste,weappreciateacoollookingdevicethatallowsustoeasilysqueezethetoothpasteontoourbrush.当我们选择日用品时,如牙膏,我们很喜欢一个看起来很酷的装置,能让我们很容易地把牙膏挤到我们的牙刷上
④Themanwaslyingontheground,motionless,asifhewasseriouslyinjuredinjure.那名男子躺在地上一动不动,好像是受了重伤
⑤2015·湖南卷Videogamescanbeapoorinfluenceifleftleaveinthewronghands.如果电子游戏落入一个错误的人手中,就能够产生不良的影响
⑥WhileIwasbeinBeijing,IpaidavisittotheGreatWall.在北京时,我游览了长城
⑦2015·北京卷Ifacceptedacceptforthejob,you’llbeinformedsoon.如果录用你了,我们将很快通知你
⑧单句语法填空2017·浙江卷LastOctoberwhiletendingtendhergardeninMora,Sweden,LenaPahlssonpulledoutahandfulofsmallcarrotsandwasabouttothrowthemaway.Sheandherfamilyhidawayfornearlytwenty-fivemonthsbeforetheywerediscovered.她与家人躲藏了将近二十五个月之后才被发现beforeconj.用以表示从句动作发生之前的时间,译法灵活1强调从句动作发生在主句之前,意为不等……就……;在……之前
①2015·天津卷Weneedtogettotherootoftheproblembeforewecan_solvesolveit.在我们解决问题之前,我们需要找到问题的根源2It+be+时间段+before从句,意为……之后才……
②2015·重庆卷Ifyoumissthischance,itmaybeyearsbeforeyougetanotherone.如果你错过这次机会,可能要等几年才会再有3It+be+not+long+before从句,意为……不久就……
③Itwasnotlongbeforehetoldtellmethenews.不久他就告诉了我那个消息
④单句语法填空2017·全国卷ⅠThecafe′islocatedupstairsinBuilding1andisopendailyuntilonehourbeforePacificScienceCentercloses.【阅读理解】Tayloreisakidwhopassesbytoridesometimesandhelpuswithchores.Barely15she’snevershortofadviceandoneofherfavoritepastimesisteasingmeaboutbeingafraidtogotoofastonahorse.Lastsummerfourofusrodedownthetrailbehindourwoods:mywifeKarenTayloreTaylore’sfriendKendallandme.Iwasridingmy13-year-oldTawny.Weweretwomilesfromhomewhenforsomeunexplainablereason IpushedTawnyintoagallop(飞驰).Theotherhorseswereanxioustocatchupandjustlikethattheracewason.TaylorebrushedpastmyleftlegandsecondslaterKendallwentbyonmyright.IrealizedTawnywascoveringgroundfasterthanI’deverseenher.Shestrainedeverymuscleinherbodytocatchupwiththegirls.Itwaslikeatruckwindingoveramountainroadwithoutbrakes闸.PartofmefeltperfectlyincontrolwhileanotherpartscreamedthatIwasn’t.InhalfamileIknewwe’dbecrossingthehighwaysoIprayedthatthegirlswouldbefine.Igaveupcalculatinghowlongitmighttakebeforemyhorsewouldbetriedenoughtowanttoslowdown.IwasjustaboutoutofanswerswhenIsawthegirlsslowinginfrontofme.Theirhorseswererelaxedandfortablenotevenbreathinghard.Taylore’sfaceglowed.Shegavemeahighfive."Wowyoudidwell"shesaid."Iknewyou’dgofastwhenyouwereready."Nooneinthegrouphadevenbrokenasweatexceptme.Iwasstillnervousfromthecrazypace.Myheartpoundedtoobutnotfromexercise.KarenclaimsIwasshowingoffforthegirlsthatdayandmaybeshe’sright.ButIthinkIhadsomethingtoprove.Becausedespitemywrinkles皱纹glassesandgrayhairIwasfeelingyoungatheart.AndlikeahorseonawarmsummerdayI’malwaysreadytokickupmyheels.
1.HowdidtheracebetweenthegirlsandtheauthorbeginA.Hishorse’sgallopmadetheotherhorseswanttocatchup.B.Hewantedtoshowoffhisridingskillsforthegirls.C.Theywantedtoknowwhosehorsecouldrunfastest.D.Theyteasedhimaboutbeingafraidtogotoofastonahorse.
2.Duringtherace___________.A.theauthor’shorseoutranthegirl’shorsesthewholetimeB.theauthorwasconfidentthatTawnywasincontrolC.thegirlsweresoanxioustowinthattheysweatedalotD.theauthor’sgoodperformancetookTaylorebysurprise
3.Whentheraceendedtheauthor’sheartpoundedbecause________.A.hewasfeelingthrilledandyoungB.itwasreallytoughexerciseforhimC.hewasworriedthatthegirlsmightbeindangerD.hefeltquiteembarrassedthathehadlosttherace
4.Thephrase"kickupmyheels"attheendcanbereplacedby_________.A.devotemyselfB.enjoymyselfC.acceptmychallengeD.takepartinrunningpetition【文章大意】文章描述作者和两个女孩骑马比赛,这让作者感到兴奋,也感到虽然自己上了年纪,但是有一颗年轻的心
1.A【解析】细节理解题根据文章第三段的"WeweretwomilesfromhomewhenforsomeunexplainablereasonIpushedTawnyintoagallop飞驰.Theotherhorseswereanxioustocatchupandjustlikethattheracewason."可知,作者的马飞驰起来使得其它马想要赶上故选A
3.A【解析】推理判断题根据文章最后一段的"Iwasstillnervousfromthecrazypace.Myheartpoundedtoobutnotfromexercise.…Becausedespitemywrinkles皱纹glassesandgrayhairIwasfeelingyoungatheart."可知,比赛结束的时候,作者的心狂跳因为他感觉兴奋而且年轻故选A。