2019高考英语一轮核心考点探究与练习教材复习篇Unit1Friendship（含解析）新人教版必修1

Friendship人教必修一Unit1　Friendship【短文语法填空】ClassicalChinesepoetryistraditionalChinesepoetry

1.writeinClassicalChineseandtypifiedbycertaintraditionalformsandclose

2.connectwithparticularhistoricalperiods，suchasthepoetryoftheTangDynasty.Itsexistence

3.documentatleastasearlyasthepublicationoftheClassicofPoetryorShijing.

4.varietybinationsofformsandgenresexist.Manyormostofthese

5.ariseattheendoftheTangDynasty.UseanddevelopmentofClassicalChinesepoetry

6.activecontinueduptotheyearof1919，

7.theMayFourthMovementtookplace，andisstilldevelopedeventoday.Poetrycreatedduringthis2，500­yearperiodofmore­or­lesscontinuousdevelopmentshows

8.greatdealofdiversity—classifiedbybothmajorhistoricalperiodsandbydynasticperiods.OfthekeyaspectsofClassicalChinesepoetry，anotheris

9.itintenseinterrelationshipwithotherformsofChineseart，suchasChinesepaintingandChinesecalligraphy.ClassicalChinesepoetryhasproventobeofstronginfluence

10.poetryworldwide.【语篇解读】　本文为说明文文章简单介绍了中国古诗的一些相关情况1．written　[考查非谓语动词中国古诗是用古文写的传统中国诗歌write与poetry之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语]2．connections　[考查名词空前有形容词close“紧密的”，故空处填名词connection在此表示“两种事实、观念等的联系，关联”，是可数名词，故填名词的复数形式]3．isdocumented　[考查动词的时态和语态document在此表示“记录，记载”，是及物动词，document与existence之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态，且此处表示客观事实，要用一般现在时]4．Various　[考查形容词存在多种多样的形式和种类的结合体空处修饰名词binations，故填形容词various“多种多样的”]5．arose　[考查动词的时态它们中的很多或者说大部分产生于唐代晚期arise“产生，出现”，是不及物动词，根据时间状语attheendoftheTangDynasty可知本句用一般过去时]6．actively　[考查副词分析句子结构可知，空处修饰谓语动词continued，故用副词actively“活跃地”]7．when　[考查定语从句分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是theyearof1919，空处在从句中作时间状语，故填when]8．a　[考查冠词agreatdealof“大量的，许多”，是固定搭配，修饰不可数名词，故填a]9．its　[考查代词空处指代对象是ClassicalChinesepoetry，且表示“……的”，故填its][易错分析]　本空容易误填their，因为学生没有弄清楚文章的逻辑关系，以为空处指代的对象是前面的thekeyaspects但是如果这样的话，句意就说不通了10．on/upon　[考查介词influence“影响”常与介词on/upon连用]addvt.vi.增加；添加；补充说addup把……加起来addupto加起来共计/达不用于被动语态addto增加；增添add...to...把……加入到……

①教材原句Addupyourscoreandseehowmanypointsyouget.把你的分数加起来看看能得多少分

②Thislatestincidentwill_addaddtothepressureonthegovernment.最近的这次事件将会给政府增加压力

③单句语法填空2017·全国卷ⅠOurcaféoffersapletemenuoflunchandsnackoptionsinadditionaddtoseasonalspecials.concernvt.使担忧；涉及；关系到n．关心；关注；关系1show/expressconcernabout/for对……表示关心It’snoconcernofmine/yours.这不关我/你的事2concernedadj.担心的；关注的beconcernedabout/over/for关心；挂念；担心beconcernedwith/in与……有关；涉及as/sofaras...beconcerned就……而言3concerningprep.关于；有关

①教材原句Youwilltellyourfriendthatyouareconcernedabouthim/herandyouwillmeetafterclassandtalkthen.告诉你的朋友你关心他/她，下课后你们就见面谈谈

②语境填词用concern及其短语的适当形式填空Besidesdoinghisresearchwork，ProfessorLiconcernsconcernhimselfwithsocialwork.Forexample，heis_concernedconcernaboutworldpeaceandhumanprogress.Healsomadeitclearthathisresearchworkshouldbe_concernedconcernwiththefarmers’ine.除了做研究工作外，李教授还参与到社会工作中去比如，他关注世界和平以及人类的进步，他还声明说他的研究工作必须和农民的收入息息相关

③2016·全国卷ⅡOthersare_concernedconcernaboutusinggardeningmethodsthatrequirelesswaterandfewerfertilizers肥料．别的一些人对采用这种需要水和肥料少的园艺方法担心

④单句语法填空2017·江苏卷Nowsimilarconcernsconcernarebeingraisedbythegiants巨头thatdealindatatheoilofthedigitalage.concerned作形容词充当前置定语时，意为“关心的，挂念的，担心的”；如果要表示“相关的，有关的”，作定语时要后置例如aconcernedlook关切的神色；theauthoritiesconcerned有关当局suffervt.vi.遭受；忍受；经历1suffervt.遭受；蒙受，其后常接pain，loss，defeat，poverty，hunger，punishment，hardship，damage等名词作宾语2suffervi.后常接from，表示“受……折磨；受……之苦；患某种疾病”3sufferingn．[U]痛苦；苦难[pl.]痛苦；苦恼

①教材原句Shesufferedfromloneliness，butshehadtolearntolikeitthere.她感到孤独，但她得学会喜欢住在那里

②2016·江苏卷Shesufferedsufferalotofdefeatsattheprevioustrackmeets.她在以前的田径运动会上遭受了许多失败

③Having_sufferedsufferdefeatafterdefeat，hebegantolosefaithinhimself.遭受了一次又一次的失败，他开始对自己失去信心

④单句语法填空2017·北京卷Parishad_sufferedsufferasuddenheartfailure.Paris突然心脏病发作【七选五】FoursimplewaystostaypositiveTryingtostaypositivebothingoodtimesandbadisagreatwaytoimproveyourqualityoflife.Trythesefourmethodsonadailybasis.Don’tthinkalotaboutnegativity.Ofcoursestayingpositive24hoursadaysevendaysaweekisabitdifficult.Lettingthingsgettoyouisnormalandit’sactuallyhealthytocryorexpressfrustrationsonceinawhile.It’swhenthosenegativemomentscontrolyourlifethatyouremotionalbalanceisatrisk.  　1　 Howeverdon’tgivethatsadnessanothersecondinyourday.　2　 Whatyouputintoyourbodydirectlyaffectshowyoufeelontheoutside.Fillyourselfwithgoodhealthyfoodslikefruitsandvegetablesandlimitsnacking.Exerciseisequallyofgreatimportance.Takeafewdaysoutofyourweekforatleastahalfanhourofactivityandtrytosticktoaroutine. 　3　Bekindtoothers.　4　 Makingsomeone’sdayabitbrighternotonlyputsasmileonhisorherfacebutalsoyoursaswell.Remembertosmileandtreateachpersonwithpityandrespect.Gooddeedsarecontagious 传染的andyourpositiveattitudemayspreadamongothers.Takeitonedayatatime.Beingpositiveisn’taninstantthing.It’sasteadyeffortthatwefolloweveryhourofeveryday. 　5　 Insteadfocusonlivinginthemomentanddoingwhatyoucantomakeeachmomentbetter.A.Eathealthyandstayfit.B. Takeyourlunchbreaksoutside.C. Don’tworryaboutwhatthefuturemaybring.D. Gratefulnesshelpsyouappreciatelifeinbadtimes.E. Goodfeelingsefromactsofkindnessandselflessness.F. Takeafewminutestofeelsadandacceptwhathappened.G. Evengoingoutsideforawalkandenjoyingthesunshineimprovesyourmood.【文章大意】本文为说明文讲述的是每天保持积极乐观的四种方法

1.F【解析】根据下文Howeverdon’tgivethatsadnessanothersecondinyourday.可知此处表示你可以花几分钟感觉难过，然后接受发生的事情，但是在你的一天里不能再难过了，故选F

2.A【解析】根据本段内容可知本段表示的是要吃得健康并保持健康，故选A

4.E【解析】本段讲述的是要对别人和善，要尊重和同情每一个人，你做的好事也会影响别人效仿你，由此可知此处表示＂好的感觉来自于善意和无私的行为＂，故选E

5.C【解析】根据下文Insteadfocusonlivinginthemomentanddoingwhatyoucantomakeeachmomentbetter.（集中注意力活在当下，尽你所能地使每一个都变得更好）可知此处表示＂不要担心未来可能会带来什么＂，故选Cgothrough经历；仔细检查；完成goahead前进；请说做吧goagainst背叛；违背；违反gobackto...回来；追溯到……goby走过某处；时间过去，流逝goon继续goout外出；火、灯熄灭goover越过……；温习

①教材原句Orareyouafraidthatyourfriendwouldlaughatyou，orwouldnotunderstandwhatyouaregoingthrough或者害怕你的朋友嘲笑你，或者不理解你正经历的事情？

②It’snousegoinggoagainstthedirector’sdecision.反对上司的决定没用观察下列句子，写出句中gothrough的含义

③Theoldmanwentthroughalotofsufferingduringthewar.经历

④Thedoctorwillgothroughtheoperationsoon.完成；做完

⑤Iwentthroughthestudents’paperslastnight.仔细检查

⑥Iseemtobegoingthroughalotofmoneyatthemoment.花完，用掉

⑦单句语法填空2017·全国卷ⅡTheTransitionisnowgoing_throughcrashteststomakesureitmeetsfederalsafetystandards.setdown写下；放下；使飞机着陆setaboutdoingsth.着手做某事setout出发；todosth.开始，着手做某事setoff动身for...；引爆炸弹等setup竖起；创设；开办setaside储蓄；搁置；忽视；抛弃

①教材原句Idon’twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiaryasmostpeopledo，butIwantthisdiaryitselftobemyfriend...我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账，我要把这本日记当作我的朋友……

②Thebusstoppedto_setsetdownanoldlady.公共汽车停下来让一个老太太下车

③Fromalong­termpointofview，itistimeforusto_setsetaboutsolvingsolvethisproblem.从长远看，到了我们着手解决这个问题的时候了setabout表示“着手做……”时后接doing或名词；而setout表示“着手做……”时后面接todogetalong/onwith与某人相处；某事进展如何getin插话；收获；进入getit明白；理解getacross讲清楚；使被领会getawayfrom离开；脱身getabout/around消息传开getdowntodoingsth.认真做某事；开始着手做某事getover渡过；痊愈；恢复getthrough穿越；通过考试；联络上

①教材原句I’mgettingalongwellwithaboyinmyclass.我跟我们班的一个男生相处得很好

②Wehaven’tagreatine，butwemanageto_getgetalong.我们收入不多，但我们想法生活下去

③单句语法填空2017·全国卷ⅢFormanyolderpeopleparticularlythoselivingaloneorinthecountrydrivingisimportantforpreservingtheirindependencegivingthemthefreedomto_getgetoutandaboutwithouthavingtorelyonothers.【短文改错】LastSunday，Ijoinedthevoluntarygrouptohelpkeepthetrafficingoodorderatabigcrossingnearourschool.At8∶00a．m.，wearrivedthere，woreredvestswiththewordVOLUNTEERontheback.Wehelpedwiththepoliceremindthepassers-bytoobeytrafficrule.Toourdelighted，theyallwaitedforthegreenlightpatientexceptonemotor-biker.Wealsogiveoutsomehandmadebrochuresabouttrafficregulations，forthatmanypeoplepraisedus.About4hourslater，theysaidgood-byetothepoliceandleft.Tiredaswewere，weallfeltanhonortodoourparts.答案LastSunday，Ijoinedvoluntarygrouptohelpkeepthetrafficingoodorderatabigcrossingnearourschool.At8∶00a．m.，wearrivedthere，redvestswiththewordVOLUNTEERontheback.Wehelpedwiththepoliceremindthepassers-bytoobeytraffic.Toour，theyallwaitedforthegreenlightexceptonemotor-biker.Wealsooutsomehand-madebrochuresabouttrafficregulations，formanypeoplepraisedus.About4hourslater，saidgood-byetothepoliceandleft.Tiredaswewere，weallfeltanhonortodoourparts.❶　解析在全文中是第一次出现，不能用特指，而应用泛指故将the改为a❷　解析现在分词作状语表主动含义，此处wear的主语是we，其间是主动关系❸　解析帮助某人做某事，不存在helpwithsb.sth这一搭配故将with去掉❹　解析交通法规为固定用语，法规肯定不可能就一个故将rule改为rules❺　解析固定用语，意为令我们高兴的是……故将delighted改为delight❻　解析副词修饰形容词，此处是用副词patiently修饰形容词waited❼　解析整篇文章所描述的事情发生在过去，所以动词应用过去时态❽　解析考查定语从句中介词＋which的用法，此处for是与后面praised相照应的，praisesb.forsth.❾　解析全篇的人称都是we我们，根据句意也应该是“我们和警察道别”　解析it在此处作形式宾语不可省略，真正的宾语是后面的不定式Whilewalking_the_dog，youwerecarelessanditgotlooseandwashitbyacar.在遛狗的时候，你不小心松了手，结果狗被一辆汽车撞了句中whilewalkingthedog是一个省略句，补全后为whileyouwerewalkingthedog1省略句的条件

①when，while，before，after，unless，if，asif等状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或从句主语为it

②状语从句谓语中含有be动词2省略句的形式省略从句中的主语和be动词

③2016·上海卷Whenchoosingchooseeverydayproductssuchastoothpaste，weappreciateacool­lookingdevicethatallowsustoeasilysqueezethetoothpasteontoourbrush.当我们选择日用品时，如牙膏，我们很喜欢一个看起来很酷的装置，能让我们很容易地把牙膏挤到我们的牙刷上

④Themanwaslyingontheground，motionless，asifhewasseriouslyinjuredinjure．那名男子躺在地上一动不动，好像是受了重伤

⑤2015·湖南卷Videogamescanbeapoorinfluenceifleftleaveinthewronghands.如果电子游戏落入一个错误的人手中，就能够产生不良的影响

⑥WhileIwasbeinBeijing，IpaidavisittotheGreatWall.在北京时，我游览了长城

⑦2015·北京卷Ifacceptedacceptforthejob，you’llbeinformedsoon.如果录用你了，我们将很快通知你

⑧单句语法填空2017·浙江卷LastOctoberwhiletendingtendhergardeninMora，Sweden，LenaPahlssonpulledoutahandfulofsmallcarrotsandwasabouttothrowthemaway.Sheandherfamilyhidawayfornearlytwenty－fivemonthsbeforetheywerediscovered.她与家人躲藏了将近二十五个月之后才被发现beforeconj.用以表示从句动作发生之前的时间，译法灵活1强调从句动作发生在主句之前，意为不等……就……；在……之前

①2015·天津卷Weneedtogettotherootoftheproblembeforewecan_solvesolveit.在我们解决问题之前，我们需要找到问题的根源2It＋be＋时间段＋before从句，意为……之后才……

②2015·重庆卷Ifyoumissthischance，itmaybeyearsbeforeyougetanotherone.如果你错过这次机会，可能要等几年才会再有3It＋be＋not＋long＋before从句，意为……不久就……

③Itwasnotlongbeforehetoldtellmethenews.不久他就告诉了我那个消息

④单句语法填空2017·全国卷ⅠThecafe′islocatedupstairsinBuilding1andisopendailyuntilonehourbeforePacificScienceCentercloses.【阅读理解】Tayloreisakidwhopassesbytoridesometimesandhelpuswithchores.Barely15she’snevershortofadviceandoneofherfavoritepastimesisteasingmeaboutbeingafraidtogotoofastonahorse.Lastsummerfourofusrodedownthetrailbehindourwoods:mywifeKarenTayloreTaylore’sfriendKendallandme.Iwasridingmy13-year-oldTawny.Weweretwomilesfromhomewhenforsomeunexplainablereason　IpushedTawnyintoagallop（飞驰）.Theotherhorseswereanxioustocatchupandjustlikethattheracewason.TaylorebrushedpastmyleftlegandsecondslaterKendallwentbyonmyright.IrealizedTawnywascoveringgroundfasterthanI’deverseenher.Shestrainedeverymuscleinherbodytocatchupwiththegirls.Itwaslikeatruckwindingoveramountainroadwithoutbrakes闸.PartofmefeltperfectlyincontrolwhileanotherpartscreamedthatIwasn’t.InhalfamileIknewwe’dbecrossingthehighwaysoIprayedthatthegirlswouldbefine.Igaveupcalculatinghowlongitmighttakebeforemyhorsewouldbetriedenoughtowanttoslowdown.IwasjustaboutoutofanswerswhenIsawthegirlsslowinginfrontofme.Theirhorseswererelaxedandfortablenotevenbreathinghard.Taylore’sfaceglowed.Shegavemeahighfive.＂Wowyoudidwell＂shesaid.＂Iknewyou’dgofastwhenyouwereready.＂Nooneinthegrouphadevenbrokenasweatexceptme.Iwasstillnervousfromthecrazypace.Myheartpoundedtoobutnotfromexercise.KarenclaimsIwasshowingoffforthegirlsthatdayandmaybeshe’sright.ButIthinkIhadsomethingtoprove.Becausedespitemywrinkles皱纹glassesandgrayhairIwasfeelingyoungatheart.AndlikeahorseonawarmsummerdayI’malwaysreadytokickupmyheels.

1.HowdidtheracebetweenthegirlsandtheauthorbeginA.Hishorse’sgallopmadetheotherhorseswanttocatchup.B.Hewantedtoshowoffhisridingskillsforthegirls.C.Theywantedtoknowwhosehorsecouldrunfastest.D.Theyteasedhimaboutbeingafraidtogotoofastonahorse.

2.Duringtherace___________.A.theauthor’shorseoutranthegirl’shorsesthewholetimeB.theauthorwasconfidentthatTawnywasincontrolC.thegirlsweresoanxioustowinthattheysweatedalotD.theauthor’sgoodperformancetookTaylorebysurprise

3.Whentheraceendedtheauthor’sheartpoundedbecause________.A.hewasfeelingthrilledandyoungB.itwasreallytoughexerciseforhimC.hewasworriedthatthegirlsmightbeindangerD.hefeltquiteembarrassedthathehadlosttherace

4.Thephrase＂kickupmyheels＂attheendcanbereplacedby_________.A.devotemyselfB.enjoymyselfC.acceptmychallengeD.takepartinrunningpetition【文章大意】文章描述作者和两个女孩骑马比赛，这让作者感到兴奋，也感到虽然自己上了年纪，但是有一颗年轻的心

1.A【解析】细节理解题根据文章第三段的＂WeweretwomilesfromhomewhenforsomeunexplainablereasonIpushedTawnyintoagallop飞驰.Theotherhorseswereanxioustocatchupandjustlikethattheracewason.＂可知，作者的马飞驰起来使得其它马想要赶上故选A

3.A【解析】推理判断题根据文章最后一段的＂Iwasstillnervousfromthecrazypace.Myheartpoundedtoobutnotfromexercise.…Becausedespitemywrinkles皱纹glassesandgrayhairIwasfeelingyoungatheart.＂可知，比赛结束的时候，作者的心狂跳因为他感觉兴奋而且年轻故选A。