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Unit1 Greatscientists必修5Unit1 Greatscientists【短文语法填空】WhenIlookedoutonthewhiteblanket
1. coverthegroundIcouldn’thelpbutsmileabit.Itwassobeautiful.Itsoftenedthebaretreesandhidthedeadgrass.Inthe
2. distantIcouldhearthesoundofthesnowontheroadthebarkof
3. happydogandthelaughterofchildrenplayingoutside
4. enjoytheirdayofffromschool. Thesweetmusicofthatlaughter
5. bringbackahundredmemoriesofwinterspast.Iremembered
6.catchsnowflakesonmytonguebuildingsnowmenmakingsnowangelssledding
7. hillsandalwayslosingthesnowballfightswithfirstmybrothersandthenmyownchildren.Standingthereinthatwarmcoatofrememberingmadethewindalittlelesscold.Iturnedupmyheadstuckoutmytongue
8. forthefirsttimeinyearscaughtasnowflakeonit.Ittastedso
9.freshnessandclean.Ittastedlikeyouthlikejoyandlikelove.Ilookeduptotheheavensand
10.sincerethankedGodforallofmymemoriesandforthesimpletruththatyouarenevertoooldtobeyoungagain. 答案
1.covering
2.distance
3.a
4.enjoying
5.brought
6.catching
7.down
8.and
9.fresh
10.sincerelyconcludevt.vi.断定;推断出;终止;达成1conclude2concludesth.以……结束……toconclude最后3conclusionn.结论;结束draw/reach/arriveat/eto/leadtoaconclusion得出结论etotheconclusionthat...所得结论是……inconclusion最后
①2016·上海卷TheAmericanbornarchitectRobertVenturi__concluded__conclusionthatifsimplicityisdonebadly,theresultissoullessdesign.美国建筑家RobertVenturi总结过,如果简约没有做好,那么这样的设计就是没有灵魂的
②He__concluded__concludehisspeechwithafamoussaying“Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.”他以一句名言“有志者,事竟成”结束他的演讲
③Jacksaidhecouldconclude__from__Jane’sexpressionthatJanehadstolenhismoney.ButeveryoneknewJackalwayscametoa__conclusion__concludewithoutanyevidencetosupporthisconclusion.In__conclusion__conclude,nobodywaslikelytobelieveJanewasathief.杰克说他能从简的表情断定简偷了他的钱但是每个人都知道杰克总是没有任何证据的得出结论来支持他的推论最后,没有人愿意相信简是个贼attendvt.专心;留意;注意vt.出席,参加;照顾,护理1attendalecture/ameeting/aconference/school/class听讲座/出席会议/上学/上课attendto处理;照顾attendon/uponsb.伺候/照顾某人2attendancen.出席,参加;上学;到场3attendantn.服务员,侍者,侍从,随从;护理者
①教材原句JohnSnowwasafamousdoctorinLondon—soexpert,indeed,thatheattendedQueenVictoriaasherpersonalphysician.约翰·斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛,因而成为维多利亚女王的私人医生
②They__attended__attendcollegetogetheratBeijingUniversity.他们一起就读于北京大学
③单句语法填空2017·全国卷ⅠIthenmadeitapoint__toattend__attendthosemeetingsandlearnallIcould.exposevt.暴露;揭露;使曝光expose...to使显露;暴露beexposedto暴露于……,处于……危险中exposesth.tosb.向某人揭发某事exposesb.tosth.使某人接触到某物,使面临,使遭受
①教材原句Thewaterpanieswereinstructednottoexposepeopletopollutedwateranymore.自来水公司接到指示不得使人们再受污水的影响
②__Beingexposed__exposetosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoone’sskin.暴露在阳光下太久对皮肤有害
③Takecarenottokeepyourchildren__exposed__exposetothebadbooksandmagazines.当心不要让孩子接触不良书籍和杂志absorbvt.吸收;吸引;使专心;并入1absorb/attract/drawone’sattention吸引某人的注意absorb...into...把……吸收进……2absorbedadj.全神贯注的beabsorbedby/into...被……吞并;被……所吸收beabsorbed/buriedin全神贯注于;专心于
①教材原句Thesecondsuggestedthatpeopleabsorbedthisdiseaseintotheirbodieswiththeirmeals.第二种看法表明人们是在吃饭时把这种病毒引入体内的
②2015·天津卷__Absorbed__absorbinpainting,Johndidn’tnoticeeveningapproaching.
③单句语法填空2017·全国卷ⅢIdon’twanttogettoo__absorbed__absorbinmodeling.blamevt.责备;谴责;把……归咎于n.过失;责备1blamesb.forsth.因某事而责备某人blamesth.onsb.把某事怪到某人头上betoblamefor...应承担责任;该受责备用主动形式表被动意义2gettheblame受到责难get/accept/bear/taketheblamefor...对……负责lay/puttheblameforsth.onsb.把某事归咎于某人身上
①教材原句Itseemedthatthewaterwastoblame.看来水是罪魁祸首
②Theyallblamedthecaraccident__on__him.Infact,hewasreally__toblame__blameforhiscarelessdriving.Sohegottheblame__for__itwithoutanyplaint.他们把车祸归咎于他实际上,他确实应该因粗心驾驶受到责备于是,他毫无怨言地担负起了车祸的责任
③2016·全国卷ⅡIoftenhadcrazydreamsinwhichIwas__toblame__blameforMiller’saccident.我经常做一些古怪的梦,梦到自己该对米勒的事故负责contributevi.vt.捐款;贡献;捐助12
①Wehopeyoursuggestionwillcontributeto__solving__solvetheproblem.我们希望你的建议有助于解决问题
②Manypeoplecontributedmoney__to__thepoorboy,whichcontributedtohis__returning__returntoschool.Awriterwroteastoryaboutitand__contributed__contributeittoChinaDaily.许多人给这个可怜的小男孩捐了款,这使他重返校园一位作家写了一篇关于此事的故事并把它投给了《中国日报》
③2015·全国卷ⅠChrisLewiswillexplainhowBrindleymadesuchapositive__contribution__contributetotheeducationofthatgroupofearly“civilengineers”.
④单句语法填空2017·浙江卷Otherssayit’sonlynaturalthatnewerslearnthelanguageoftheirhostnationseeingitasaconditiontoensurethey__cancontribute__contributetosociety.【七选五】Freshmenanywheremaybenervousaboutuniversitylife.Herethreepiecesofadviceareforthem.Listenbutdon’tbesilentTheworldisheldinstudents’handviasmartphones.Thustheymayconsiderlecturelisteninglessimportant. 1 Itforcesstudentstofacethedifficultiesoftrainingadeepattentiveness.Unsurprisinglystudentsfindithardtospeakoutaskquestionsorforpointsofclarification.Theydon’twanttoappearfoolishorincapable.Howeverthereisnosuchthingasafoolishquestion.Teachersaretheretohelpyouunderstand.Thisalsogoesforseminarsandworkshops. 2 Readandbuybooks 3 There’resomanyusefulonlinesourcestodaybutthehabitofreadingbooksespeciallywholebooksissomethingbeinglost.Buyyourownbooks.Therearemanybargainstobefoundonused-bookwebsitesorthroughAmazon.Beingabookloverandbuyerwillhelpanystudentgetthemostoutoftheireducation. 4 Asastudentyoudon’tjusthavetolearntolistenandbeeanactivereader:youalsohavetobeeanacademicwriter.Writtenworkatcollegelevelcannotbedoneatthelastminuteorinarush.Ittakestime.Turntoyourteachers.Iftheywillreaddraftessaysthenmakesureyoucangetfeedback反馈aheadofthefinalsubmission. 5 Studentswhogetfeedbackontheirworkalwaysdobetterthanthosewhodonot.Itisoneofthefeweducationallawsthatholdstrueinallcases.A.Don’ttrytodoitallthenightbefore.B.Howeveralectureisalisteningworkout.C.Thinkingclearlycannotbedoneinarush.D.Sotrainyourearlistencarefullybutdon’tbesilent.E.Readingisthemostimportantthingthatanystudentdoes.F.Re-writinghasprovedtobetheturningpointinone’sdegree.G.Iftheywon’treaddraftsthenseethemtorunthroughyourideas.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文主要介绍了大学一年级新生如何适应大学生活
1.B【解析】考查上下文衔接根据前文"Thustheymayconsiderlecturelisteninglessimportant."(因此,他们可能认为听讲座不重要)与B项然而一个讲座就是一次听力训练在此相衔接,故选B
2.D【解析】考查上下文衔接根据前文"Thisalsogoesforseminarsandworkshops."(这需要到研讨班)与D项(仔细听训练你的听力,但不要沉默)衔接,故选D
3.E【解析】考查语篇逻辑本段的主旨是"Readandbuybooks"(阅读和购买书),而E项(阅读对学生来说很重要)符合逻辑,故选E
5.G【解析】考查语篇逻辑前文"Iftheywillreaddraftessaysthenmakesureyoucangetfeedback反馈aheadofthefinalsubmission."(如果他们阅读了草稿就能确保在你上交前得到反馈)与G项(如果他们没有阅读草稿,看他们理解你的观点)形成并列符合逻辑,故选Gapartfrom此外,除了……之外inaddition除……之外,另外还apartfrom/asidefrom除……之外besides=inadditionto除……之外还,也but/except除……之外都exceptfor除……之外表细节上的修正,“美中不足”exceptthat/when/whatetc.除……之外
①教材原句Apartfromtheconstructionmentionedabove,youhavealsolearnedthefollowingphrases.除了上边提到的结构,你也学过下边这些短语
②Except__for__herillnesses,shehadhadaparticularlyhappychildhood.除了体弱多病外,她的童年特别幸福
③Ireceivednothing__except__whatwasduetome.除了我应得的东西,我并未接受任何东西 besides/except/exceptfor/apartfrom/but/inadditionbesides“除了……之外,还有……”,指“在整体中加入一部分”except从所提到的人或事物中除去,即从整体中除去一部分exceptfor表示对整体主要部分的肯定和对局部的否定,起部分修正主要意思的作用;表示非同类事物进行比较;置于句首,表达except的含义apartfrom既可表示besides,也可以表示except或exceptfor,还可以表示without的意思but在意思上相当于except,但常用在不定代词或疑问词后面inaddition相当于副词besides,表示“另外”;inadditionto相当于介词besidesputforward把……拿出来给人看;提出;推荐;把……提前putin插入;放进;安装;种植;插话;提出;申请putaway把……放好;储存……备用;处理掉putoff推迟;阻止;脱掉;使分心;关掉putout放出;生产;发布;熄灭;困扰;逐出putup举起;进行;建造;接待;张贴;暂住putupwith/bear/stand/tolerate容忍;忍受putthrough接通电话;完成;使经受
①教材原句Whoputforwardatheoryaboutblackholes谁提出的黑洞理论?
②Thatwoman,asahousewife,hasalot__toput__putupwith.那个女人是个家庭主妇不得不忍受许多烦恼
③单句语法填空2017·天津卷Theproposalput__forward__byDobrindtaimstohelppromotefullyautomaticdriving.makesense讲得通;有意义1makesenseof...理解,明白……makenosense没道理,没意义thereisno/muchsenseindoingsth.做某事没道理意义/很有意义2monsense常识haveasenseof...有……感inasense在某一方面;就某种意义来说innosense决不放句首句子用部分倒装asenseofduty/humor/beauty/direction责任感/幽默感/美感/方向感
①教材原句Onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymakesense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上,天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚
②Onlywhenyoureadbetweenthelinesseveraltimescanyoumakesense__of__themainideaofthispassage.只有当你反复阅读字里行间的意思时才能理解这篇文章的大意
③__In__nosensecanwelietoourparents.我们决不能向父母说谎【短文改错】ThedaybeforeMothersDay,everybodyaroundmewastalkingaboutwhatwasmostsuitablegifttheywouldbuyfortheirmothers.Buyingflowerswerewhatmoststudentswoulddo.However,Iwantedtodosomethingdifferently.AsthenIlivedinschoolandcouldntgobackhomeonMothersDay,soIdecidedtocallherandsenthermybestwishes.IsearchedtheInternetforsuggestions,whatwereveryuseful,andIreaditcarefully.WhenIcalledmymother,however,Ihadthefeelthatsomeoneelseswordswouldhavenomeaningtoher.SoIgaveinandjusttoldmymotherIlovedherandthankedhertoallshehaddoneforme.【答案】 ThedaybeforeMothersDay,everybodyaroundmewastalkingaboutwhatwasmostsuitablegifttheywouldbuyfortheirmothers.Buyingflowerswhatmoststudentswoulddo.However,Iwantedtodosomething.AsthenIlivedinschoolandcouldntgobackhomeonMothersDay,Idecidedtocallherandhermybestwishes.IsearchedtheInternetforsuggestions,wereveryuseful,andIreadcarefully.WhenIcalledmymother,however,Ihadthethatsomeoneelseswordswouldhavenomeaningtoher.SoIgaveandjusttoldmymotherIlovedherandthankedherallshehaddoneforme.第一处most前加the考查冠词母亲节前一天,我周围的所有人都在谈论什么是他们将为母亲买的最合适的礼物根据句意可知,此处为形容词的最高级,故在most前加the第二处were→was考查主谓一致动名词短语Buyingflowers作主语时谓语动词需用单数形式,故将were改为was第三处differently→different考查形容词修饰不定代词something需用形容词注意different在此作后置定语第四处去掉so考查连词as“因为”,引导原因状语从句,故后面的so多余第五处sent→send考查动词and连接的不是并列的谓语动词,而是不定式,第二个不定式前的to承前省略了第六处what→which考查定语从句先行词为suggestions,非限制性定语从句缺主语,故用关系代词which引导注意what不可引导定语从句第七处it→them考查代词指代前面的suggestions,需用复数代词them第八处feel→feeling考查名词feel作名词表示“触觉,印象”,而feeling作名词表示“想法,意见,感觉”,显然此处要用feeling第九处in→up考查动词短语givein是“让步,屈服”的意思,与语义不符giveup意为“放弃”,符合语境要求第十处to→for考查介词此处表示我感谢妈妈为我做过的一切thanksb.forsth.“为某事感谢某人”为固定用法He__gotinterestedin__twotheoriesexplaininghowcholerakilledpeople.他对两种解释霍乱害人的理论产生了兴趣本句中get为连系动词,意为“变得,变成”“get+形容词”表示的是动态过程,如getill表示“患病,得病”;“be+形容词”则表示静态,如beill意为“病了,病着”以下get取代了be的结构中,get均表示从无到有的动态过程getlost迷路;getmarried结婚;getusedto习惯于;gettired累了;getdressed穿好衣服;getangry发怒,等等
①Igot__interested__interestinplayingbasketballwhenIwasinhighschool.我在高中时,开始对篮球感兴趣
②Ihave__toget__getdressedbeforeeighto’clock.我必须8点前穿好衣服
③Don’tget__excited__exciteabouttheexamination;keepcool.不要对考试太激动,沉着点【阅读理解】Vinegarmakessaladfriesanddumplingstastebetterandyoucanevenuseittocleanyourwindows.Andnowaccordingtoscientistsitmayeventheplanet’spopulationsurviveclimatechange.ResearchersfromtheRIKENCenterforSustainableResourceScienceCSRSinJapanfoundthatgrowingplantsinvinegarmakesthemmoreresistanttodroughts.Thiscouldmeanthatinthefutureworriesaboutclimatechangeaffectingtheworld’ssupplyoffoodwillbemuchlower.ThediscoverywasmadeaftertheresearchersstudiedtheArabidopsisaplantknownforitsabilitytosurviveindryweather.Itwasfoundthatwhentheplantwasplacedindrought-likeconditionsitproducedachemicalcalledacetate(醋酸盐)—themainponentofvinegar.Afterdiscoveringthisthescientistsexperimentedfurtherbyaddingacetatetothesoilofotherplantsbeforetheystoppedgivingthemwaterpletely.Afterleavingtheplantsfor14daystheyfoundthattheonestreatedwithacetatehadsurvivedwhiletheuntreatedplantshaddriedupanddied.It’shopedthatthissimplemethodofsurvivalcouldsoonbeusedtohelpfarmersindrycountrieskeeptheircropsalive.Intheexperimentwetargetedthestaplefoodsoftheworld—ricewheatandmaize—andthebasicplantofbreedingspeciesrapeseed(油菜籽)JongMyongKimco-authorofthestudytoldPopularSciencemagazine.Kimalsotoldthemagazinehe’salreadybeenintouchwithpeopleallovertheworldwhoareinterestedintryingthissimpleandcost-effectivemethodoutforthemselvesfromflowergrowingpaniestoamateurgardeners.Althoughatthispointkeepingthirstyplantsaliveisn’taseasyasjustpouringvinegaroverthemKimsaidheandhisteamareworkingonmakingtheprocessassimpleaspossible.Nowwearetryingtocooperatewithsomefarmersandalsosomepaniestomakeamethodtoapplythissystemhesaid.Andforthoseofuswhoalwaysforgettoaskourneighborstowaterourplantswhenwegoawayhopefullythismeanstheendofreturninghomefromatriptofindourfavoriteflowershavedied.
1.WhatisthearticlemainlyaboutA.Theworld’sfoodsupplywillbeincreased.B.Plantsbettersurvivedroughts.C.TheArabidopsisisresistanttodroughts.D.Vinegarcouldbeusedtofightdroughts.
2.Itwasdiscoveredthatacetatecan.A.beusedbyfarmerstoreplacesoilB.onlybeproducedbytheArabidopsisC.helpplantssurvivedryconditionsD.beusedtoimprovepoorsoil
3.WhatarethetargetplantsoftheexperimentA.allbreedingspecies.B.wheatandArabidopisis.C.riceandmaize.D.rapeseedandArabidopisis.
4.JongMyongKim’sexperimentoftryingoutthemethod.A.canmakepeople’stripspleasantB.turnedoutaworldwidesuccessC.isassimpleaspouringvinegarovertheplantsD.appealstomanyflowergrowingpanies【文章大意】本文属于科普类文章醋不仅使食物味道更好,还可以用它来清洁你的窗户研究发现醋中生长的植物,使它们更耐干旱
1.D【解析】主旨大意题通读全文可知本文主要讲述了醋能让植物在干旱的环境中生存,即能抗击干旱,故选D
3.C【解析】细节理解题根据第四段中的“Intheexperimentwetargetedthestaplefoodsoftheworld—ricewheatandmaize—andthebasicplantofbreedingspeciesrapeseed”可知在实验中,主要针对大米,小麦和玉米等故选C
4.D【解析】推理判断题根据最后一段中的第一句“Kim…he’salreadybeenintouchwithpeopleallovertheworldwhoareinterestedintryingthissimpleandcost-effectivemethodoutforthemselvesfromflowergrowingpaniestoamateurgardeners”分析本句可知Kim已与对此感兴趣的花卉种植公司联系,也就是吸引这些公司故选D。