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Unit3Scienceversusnature
一、阅读理解Itmayhelpyoutoknowthatthereisnosuchthingasaperfectspeech.Atsomepointineveryspeecheveryspeakersayssomethingthatisnotunderstoodexactlyashehasplanned.Fortunatelysuchmomentsareusuallynotobvioustothelisteners.WhyBecausethelistenersdonotknowwhatthespeakerplanstosay.Theyhearonlywhatthespeakerdoessay.Ifyouloseyourplaceforamomentwronglychangetheorderofacoupleofsentencesorforgettopauseatacertainpointnoonewillbeanythewiser.Whensuchmomentsoccurdon’tworryaboutthem.Justcontinueasifnothinghappened.Evenifyoudomakeanobviousmistakeduringaspeechthatdoesn’treallymatter.IfyouhaveeverlistenedtoMartinLutherKing’sfamousspeech—"IHaveaDream"youmaynoticethathestumbles结巴overhiswordstwiceduringthespeech.Mostlikelyhoweveryoudon’tremember.WhyBecauseyouwerefixingyourattentiononhismessageratherthanonhiswayofspeech-making.Peoplecarealotaboutmakingamistakeinaspeechbecausetheyregardspeech-makingasakindofperformanceratherthanasanactofmunication.Theyfeelthelistenersarelikejudgesinanice-skatingpetition.Butinfactthelistenersarenotlookingforaperfectperformance.Theyarelookingforawell-thought-outspeechthatexpressesthespeaker’sideasclearlyanddirectly.Sometimesamistakeortwocanactuallyincreaseaspeaker’sattractivenessbymakinghimmorehuman.Asyouworkonyourspeechdon’tworryaboutbeingperfect.Onceyoufreeyourmindofthisyouwillfinditmucheasiertogiveyourspeechfreely.
1.Theunderlinedpartinthefirstparagraphmeansthatnoonewill .A.besmarterthanyouB.knowwhatyouaretalkingaboutC.dobetterthanyouD.noticeyourmistakes
2.Youdon’trememberobviousmistakesinaspeechbecause .A.youfindthewayofspeech-makingmoreimportantB.youdon’tfullyunderstandthespeechC.youdon’tknowwhatthespeakerplanstosayD.yourattentionisonthecontent
3.Fromthelasttwoparagraphstheauthormeansthat .A.givingaspeechislikegivingaperformanceB.thelistenersshouldpaymoreattentiontohowaspeechismadeC.oneortwomistakesinaspeechmaynotbebadD.themoremistakesaspeakermakesthemoreattractivehewillbe
4.WhatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassageA.HowtoBeaPerfectSpeakerB.Don’tExpectaPerfectSpeechC.Don’tExpectMistakesinaSpeechD.HowtoMakeaPerfectSpeech【文章大意】这篇文章主要讲了不要期盼完美的演讲,没有人会注意到你的错误,有时一两个错误也不坏
1.D【解析】词义猜测题根据上文"Becausethelistenersdonotknowwhatthespeakerplanstosay.Theyhearonlywhatthespeakerdoessay."可知,没人会注意到你在演讲中所出现的问题和错误,故选D
3.C【解析】推理判断题根据倒数第二段最后一句话"Sometimesamistakeortwocanactuallyincreaseaspeaker’sattractivenessbymakinghimmorehuman"作者认为演讲中的一两个错误并不坏故选C
4.B【解析】标题判断题根据第一段的句子"Itmayhelpyoutoknowthatthereisnosuchthingasaperfectspeech."可知,文章主要介绍不要期望完美的演讲故选B
二、单项选择
1.—I’vehadabadcoughrecently.—Metoo.I’veneverexperienced_______ofairpollutionincitiesbefore.A.anacuteproblemB.amoreacuteproblemC.amostacuteproblemD.themostacuteproblem【答案】B【解析】考查形容词比较级表示最高级概念的用法句意在城市中,以前我从来没经历过比这更严重的空气污染问题从neverbefore可以看出原来从来没有比这更严重的,本句中用形容词比较级表达的是最高级的概念,一个……的问题,用a
2.Recentlyavideo_______“tigerattackinthezoo”becamewidespreadontheInternetandarousedaheateddiscussionaboutwhowasactuallyresponsible.A.beingtitledB.titledC.titlingD.havetitled【答案】B【解析】titled=whichwastitled句意最近,一段标题为“动物园里老虎的攻击”的视频在因特网上迅速传播开来,并引起了一场关于实际上由谁来承担责任的热烈讨论
3.Thepupilsinourschoollikereadingafterlunchmostof_______seatedonthegrassunlessitrains.A.themB.whomC.thatD.who【答案】A【解析】本题看似在考查代词、关系代词的用法,实际上最主要的还是与非谓语动词有密切关系根据题干可知,句中的seated为过去分词,因此选A项,构成独立主格结构“mostofthemseatedonthegrassunlessitrains”句意我校学生喜欢午饭后读书,除非下雨,他们中大多数人就坐在草坪上读书
4.—Canyoutellmewhatitmeansby“Youcancheckoutanytimeyoulikebutyoucanneverleave”fromthesongHotelCalifornia—Itimpliesthatdrugusersfindthemselves_______inaprisonfromwhichtheycannotescape.A.tobetrappedB.havingtrappedC.trappedD.trapping【答案】C【解析】句意吸毒者发现他们被困于监狱中而不能逃跑trap与themselves是动宾关系,所以用过去分词作宾语补足语故选Cfind后面作补足语的不定式不带to;B、D两项为主动意义
5._______tothegiftwasanoteonwhichheexpressedhisappreciationforourreceptionduringhisstayhere.A.BeingattachedB.AttachedC.AttachingD.Havingattached【答案】B【解析】我们可以将Attachedtothegiftwasanote理解成Anotewasattachedtothegift句意附在礼物上的是一张便条,便条上说对在他在这里逗留期间我们给他的接待表示感谢
6.TrumpTower_______astheheadquartersforTheTrumpOrganizationisa58storyskyscraper_______inMidtownManhattan.A.servinglocatedB.servedlocatedC.servedlocatingD.servinglocating【答案】A【解析】TrumpTower与serve是主谓关系,因此用现在分词,由此可以排除B、C两项;表示“位于某地点”,用固定短语“belocatedin...”,因此第二空用过去分词句意川普大楼作为川普集团的总部,是一座坐落在曼哈顿的一栋58层的摩天大楼
7.Thetypeandquantityofillegaldrugsapersoniscarryingwhen_______bythepolicedeterminethepunishment_______fromasmallfinetolifeimprisonment.A.caught;rangingB.caught;rangedC.catching;rangingD.catching;ranged【答案】A【解析】catch与person之间是动宾关系,因此要用过去分词,排除C、D两项;rangefrom...to...意为“从……到……”,不用被动句意一个人被警察抓获时所携带的非法毒品的种类和数量决定了惩罚的轻重范围从少量罚金到终身监禁不等
8.Womendeservetobetreatedwithdignityandtheyshouldmaketheirvoices_______intheworld.A.heardB.havingheardC.hearingD.tobeheard【答案】A【解析】句意女性应该得到尊重,她们的声音应该让全世界人听到“make+宾语+过去分词”这个结构表示“使得……被……”,符合语境,maketheirvoicesheard表示“让她们的声音被听到”
9.—Sharonwhyisthemansoupsetnow—HiswalletmobilephoneandIDcard_______thepoliceareinvestigatingandwillsendhimtoasocialassistancestation.A.wasstolenB.stolenC.beingstolenD.havingstolen【答案】B【解析】句意由于他的钱包、手机和身份证都被偷走了,所以警察正在调查,将把他送往一个社会救助站根据句意可知,用“名词+过去分词”这个独立结构,因为steal与名词wallet、mobile和IDcard都为动宾关系,所以用过去分词
10.Thedraftregulationontheonlineprotectionofminors_______forpublicopinionsbythecyberspaceauthoritieshasdrawnwidepublicconcern.A.releasingB.havingreleasedC.toreleaseD.released【答案】D【解析】句意网络部门发布的未成年人网络保护条例草案,引起了社会的广泛关注根据题意可知,release和draft之间是动宾关系,即用过去分词作定语
11.Topreventfurtherpollutionmanypeopleare_______theuseofalternativeenergysources.A.applyingtoB.pensatingforC.cateringtoD.pushingfor【答案】D【解祈】句意为了防止进一步的污染,许多人正在呼吁使用可替代的能源applyto适用于,应用于;pensatefor赔偿;caterto迎合;pushfor努力说服,力劝,呼吁
12.Theguestwaspleasedwiththewaitersogavehimasmallsum_______inconsiderationofhisservice.A.intermsofB.inplaceofC.inconsiderationofD.inneedof【答案】C【解祈】inconsiderationofsth.=aspaymentforsth.作为……的报酬,作为……的酬劳句意客人对那位服务员很满意,所以给了他一笔小费以酬谢他的服务
13.I’msurethatshewillrememberthegreatfavourhehas_______byofferingherahome.A.promisedB.madeC.doneD.instructed【答案】C【解祈】dosb.afavor或doafavorforsb.的意思是“帮某人一个忙”thegreatfavour是先行词,后面是定语从句句意我肯定的说,她会永远记住他给予了她一个家的恩惠
14.Largequantitiesofinformationaswellassometimelyhelp_______sincetheorganizationwasbuilt.A.hasofferedB.hadbeenofferedC.havebeenofferedD.isoffered【答案】C【解析】aswellas连接两个名词词组作主语时,动词要与前一个名词词组在数上保持一致而“Largequantitiesof+名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;再结合语境可知,此处应该用现在完成时故选C项句意自从该组织成立以后,它提供了大量的信息还有及时的帮助
15.Difficultasthetaskwas_______theynevergaveupandkepttryingallthetime.A.tobeacplishedB.toacplishC.beingacplishedD.tohavebeenacplished【答案】B【解析】句意任务尽管很难去完成,他们却从未放弃并一直在尝试此题是as引导的让步状语从句与“sth+be+adj+todo”句式的结合,在“sth+be+adj+todo”句式中,动词不定式用主动形式表示被动含义
三、完形填空Mymotherwasagiftgiver.Theoccasionnever__1__—Christmas,birthdays,anniversariesornooccasionatall.Shewasalwaysthinkingaboutwhomight__2__what.Creativityand__3__wentintothegiftsshegave,andshe__4__athankyounote.Onceshesentoutnotestoherownchildrenandgrandchildrenwhohadnotacknowledgedgifts,__5__thattheywerenowonher“FecalRoster黑名单”andwouldnotberemoved__6__shehadreceivedaproperthankyou.Evenifyoudidnt__7__athankyou,shedgiveyouanothergiftthenext__8__shehad.Shefigured__9__mannerswereyourproblem,nothers.EverytimeMomandDad__10__tovisit,allofuswouldgatherinthedrivewayastheyunloadedluggage.Therewasalwayssomethingforthekids,__11__acoupleoflittletoysorabig__12__ofhomemadecookies.Theywerentgiftsforparticularoccasions.Theywere__13__“Isntlifegreat?”gifts.Onespringwhentheycametovisit,shehandedmea__14__bag.Insidewasapaintingthat__15__“ASpecialDaughter.Youve__16__laughterandjoytoourlivesandsomuchlovetoourhearts.Themostpreciousthingswecan__17__foryouarethethingsyouhavegivenus...__18__andLove.”Momwasa__19__giftgiver,butthebestgiftswewillalwaysrememberherforwereherlovefor__20__andherloveforus.1.A.mattered B.occurredC.variedD.arose2.A.wonderB.praiseC.enjoyD.approve3.A.thoughtfulnessB.sympathyC.justiceD.authority4.A.ignoredB.appreciatedC.promisedD.resisted5.A.assumingB.abusingC.statingD.correcting6.A.onceB.afterC.whenD.until7.A.sendB.purchaseC.conductD.obtain8.A.momentB.chanceC.festivalD.holiday9.A.mistakenB.badC.sillyD.ridiculous10.A.walkedbyB.wanderedaroundC.droveoverD.rodeaway11.A.oftenB.alwaysC.neverD.seldom12.A.tankB.cageC.containerD.holder13.A.fairlyB.apparentlyC.especiallyD.simply14.A.cookieB.toyC.handD.gift15.A.readB.toldC.wroteD.appeared16.A.showedB.awardedC.devotedD.brought17.A.applyB.wishC.remendD.ask18.A.AssistanceB.PrivilegeC.HappinessD.Satisfaction19.A.extremeB.seriousC.grandD.great20.A.lifeB.kidsC.familiesD.gifts【解题导语】本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了作者的母亲喜欢给别人赠送礼物来表达自己的爱意她用自己的行动表达了爱,传播了生活的美好1.A 根据空后的“Christmas,birthdays,anniversariesornooccasionatall”可知,母亲的给予是不分场合的,即给予的场合不重要故A项符合语境2.C 根据该句“Shewasalwaysthinkingaboutwhomight__2__what”并结合常识可知,送礼物要根据别人的喜好,所以作者的母亲会想别人喜欢什么故选C项3.A 根据“Shewasalwaysthinkingaboutwhomight__2__what”和空前的“Creativity”可知,作者的母亲经常思考,所送的礼物既要有新意又要很体贴thoughtfulness意为“体贴,关切”;sympathy意为“同情”;justice意为“公平”;authority意为“权威”故选A项4.B 根据第一段的第一句“Mymotherwasagiftgiver”可知,作者的母亲是一个给予者;结合该句中的“Creativityand__3__wentintothegiftsshegave,andshe__4__athankyounote”可知,她很欣赏感谢便条故B项正确5.C 根据该句中的“Onceshesentoutnotestoherownchildrenandgrandchildrenwhohadnotacknowledgedgifts,__5__thattheywerenowonher‘FecalRoster黑名单’”可知,有一次她给收到礼物却没有表达感谢的孩子和孙子发了纸条,纸条上说他们现在在她的“黑名单”上assume意为“假设”;abuse意为“滥用”;state意为“陈述,说明”;correct意为“纠正”故选C项6.D 根据该句中的“shehadreceivedaproperthankyou”并结合上文可知,母亲不会将孩子们的名字从“黑名单”上删除,直到她收到一句谢谢故选D项7.A 根据上文可知,作者的母亲送礼物的时候,希望得到一句谢谢send意为“发送”;purchase意为“购买”;conduct意为“进行”;obtain意为“获得”故选A项8.B 根据第一段第二句中的“Christmas,birthdays,anniversariesornooccasionatall”可知,不只是在节假日,母亲在很多情况下都会准备礼物;结合该句中的“shedgiveyouanothergiftthenext__8__shehad”可知,她会在下一次有机会时赠给你另一件礼物B项意为“机会”,符合语境9.B 她认为没有礼貌是你的问题,而不是她的问题得到礼物不回谢应该是没有礼貌的行为,故B项符合语境10.C 根据空后的“allofuswouldgatherinthedrivewayastheyunloadedluggage”可知,作者的父母是开车过去的driveover意为“驱车前来”,符合语境,故选C项11.A 根据该句中的“Therewasalwayssomethingforthekids”及下文可知,他们总是给孩子们带一些东西,通常是一些小玩具或者是自制的饼干故选A项12.C 根据该句中的“acoupleoflittletoysorabig__12__ofhomemadecookies”及常识可知,饼干是放在盒子之类的容器container里的tank意为“贮放液体或气体的箱”,cage意为“笼子”,holder意为“持有者”,均不符合语境故选C项13.D 根据该句和前一句“Theywerentgiftsforparticularoccasions”可知,它们不是为特殊场合而准备的礼物,只是simply关于“难道生活不美好吗?”的礼物“Isntlifegreat?”gifts可以理解为“彰显生活美好的礼物”故选D项14.D 一个春天,当作者的父母来拜访时,母亲递给作者一个礼物包结合第一段中的“Mymotherwasagiftgiver”可知,这里指“礼物包”故选D项15.A 根据空后的“ASpecialDaughter.Youve...andLove”并结合该句可知,礼物包里面是一幅画,画上写着下文中的几句话read“写着”,符合语境16.D 此处表示,你为我们的生活带来欢笑和欢乐,对我们的爱如此之深由常识可知,此处表示孩子为父母带来欢声笑语故选D项17.B 根据该句中的“Themostpreciousthingswecan__17__foryouarethethingsyouhavegivenus”可知,父母希望子女得到的是子女给予他们的,即欢声笑语和爱故选B项18.C 根据上文中的“Youve__16__laughterandjoytoourlivesandsomuchlovetoourhearts”及空后的“Love”并结合选项可知,孩子可以为父母带来幸福和爱assistance意为“援助”;privilege意为“特权”;happiness意为“幸福”;satisfaction意为“满意”故选C项19.D 根据本文第一句“Mymotherwasagiftgiver”并结合上下文可知,母亲是一个极好的礼物赠送者故选D项20.A 根据该句中的“butthebestgiftswewillalwaysrememberherforwereherlovefor__20__andherloveforus”可知,此处表示我们永远记得她给的最好的礼物是她对生活的热爱和她对我们的爱从文中作者母亲的行为可以看出作者的母亲对生活的热爱故A项符合语境
四、七选五Moreandmorepeopleareworkingremotely.Herearesometipstokeepinmindtostayfocusedonyourworkwhenworkingathome Setandkeepregularofficehours.__1__Thentryyourbesttoleaveworkatthe“office”andturnyourphoneonsilentandenjoytherestofyourday.Giveyourselfsometimetorechargesoyoucanbeasproductiveaspossible.Planandstructureyourworkdays.Structureyourworkdaystomaximize使最大化efficiency.Takeadvantageofyourbodysnaturalrhythms.__2__Ifyouknowyoufocusbestinthemorning,resistthetemptationtocheckemailuntil10a.m.orlater.Setasideadesignated指定的workarea.Trytoworkatthesamespoteveryday.__3__Andmakeitaplaceyouenjoygoingtoeachday,anareawhereyoucanfocusanddoyourbestwork.Takebreaks.Scheduletimeforfrequentbreaksthroughouttheday.Risefromyourdesk,stretchorwalkaroundthehouseordownthestreet.__4__Ifyouneedsocialactivities,goouttolunchwithfriendsorclients.Avoiddistractions使人分心的事.Onechallengeofworkingathomeisdistraction.Withnocolleaguesorpartnersnearby,itseasytobeedistracted.Stayfocusedonworkthroughoutthedaytomaintainconsistentproductivity.__5__ A.Itcouldbeasparebedroomthatyouveturnedintoahomeoffice. B.Planyourworkaroundyourmostproductivehours. C.Doyourbesttosetworkhoursandsticktothem. D.Takealunchbreakandenjoyamiddaymeal. E.Itismorefortabletostayathome. F.Someinterruptionscantbeavoided. G.Avoidonlinedistractionsaswell.【解题导语】本文主要介绍了五种在家工作时如何保持注意力集中的方法1.C 根据本段的小标题“Setandkeepregularofficehours”可知,此处与工作时间的设定有关,所以选C项2.B 根据本段的小标题“Planandstructureyourworkdays”可推知,此处与工作计划有关,并与本段第一句“Structureyourworkdaystomaximize使最大化efficiency”呼应,所以选B项3.A 根据本段小标题“Setasideadesignated指定的workarea”可知,此处表示家庭办公区的设定和安排,所以选A项4.D 根据本段第一句“Scheduletimeforfrequentbreaksthroughouttheday”并结合小标题“Takebreaks”可推知,工作期间适当休息一下有助于集中注意力,所以选D项5.G 根据本段小标题“Avoiddistractions使人分心的事”可推知,网上使人分心的内容也是集中注意力所需要避免的,所以选G项。