还剩7页未读,继续阅读
文本内容:
Unit4Astronomythescienceofthestars
一、阅读理解阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中,选出最佳选项OneofthemaincreatorsoftheWorldWideWeb,SirTimBernersLeehaswarnedthatthefastgrowthoftheInternetisalsocreatingseriousproblems.HeespeciallywarnsoffalseinformationbeingeasilyspreadaroundtheInternet,“Agreatdangeristhatitbeesaplacewhereuntruthsstarttospreadmorethantruths,oritbeesaplacewhichbeesincreasinglyunfairinsomeway.”Inparticularhementionsthephenomenaofblogging.Bloggingenablesfriendsandcontactstoeasilyspreadinformation.Howeverhearguesthatpeoplemaytooeasilytrustinformationmentionedinablog.ThisinaccurateinformationcantheneasilybeeanacceptedtruthontheInternet.HesuggeststhatthemostimportantdevelopmentoftheInternetwillbeincreatingwaysofallowingpeopletocheckthecorrectnessofinformationbyprovidingoriginalsources.SirTimadmitsthatthisisanimportantchallenge.ItsinterestingtonotethatWikipedia维基百科hashadtotakestepstopreventfalseinformationfrombeingaddedtothebiographiesoflivingpeople.Itseasyforanybodytoedittheopensource.However,somepeoplehavepointedoutthatithasbeenusedtospreadfalsematerials.Inseekingtoraisestandards,Wikipediahassoughttostopthefalsematerials.AtthesametimethereisagrowingviewthattheInternethashadagreateffectonthewaymillionsofpeoplework.ThelasttwoyearshaveseenabiggrowthintheuseoftheInternet.ThereappearsnoslowdowninthegrowthoftheInternetwithincreasingaccessinthedevelopingcountries.SirTimsaysanothermajorchallengewillbetoprovidefreeInternetforeverybody.SirTimhasrecentlylaunchedanewjointinitiative倡议betweentheUniversityofSouthamptonandtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologytocreatethefirstdegreeinWebscience.Thetwoschoolshopetoraisethestandardsofwebcontent.1.WhatistheespeciallyseriousproblemthatSirTimreferstoA.ThegrowthoftheInternetistoofast.B.TheInternethasasideeffectonyoungchildren.C.TheInternetpaniespeteagainsteachotherinanunfairway.D.ThefalseinformationspreadsrapidlyontheInternet.2.WhatcausesthebiographiestohavefalseinformationA.TheInternetusersrefusesotheruserstocorrectthem.B.Wikipediadoesnttakeanysteps.C.Anybodycaneasilyeditthebiographies.D.Wikipediaattemptstopublishfalsematerials.3.Accordingtothelastparagraph,thepurposeofthejointinitiativeisto________.A.providefreeInternetaccesstothepoorcountriesB.improvethereliabilityofonlinecontentC.createthefirstdegreeinscienceandtechnologyD.enlargetheuseoftheInternet4.Wecaninferfromthetextthat________.A.SirTimhasbuilttwoschoolsrecentlyB.theInternetisharmfultothepeopleshealthC.SirTimhopeseveryonecanusetheInternetforfreeD.theInternetdevelopsslowlyinthedevelopingcountries【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文,主要讲述了互联网的快速发展所带来的一些问题1.D 考查细节理解根据第二段第一句“HeespeciallywarnsoffalseinformationbeingeasilyspreadaroundtheInternet”可知,他认为虚假的信息在网络上流传是尤其严重的问题,故选D2.C 考查推理判断根据第三段中的“Itseasyforanybodytoedittheopensource.Howeversomepeoplehavepointedoutthatithasbeenusedtospreadfalsematerials”可知,任何人都可以轻易编辑这些传记,因此虚假信息很容易被传播,故选C3.B 考查推理判断根据最后一段中的“theUniversityofSouthamptonandtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologytocreatethefirstdegreeinWebscience.Thetwoschoolshopetoraisethestandardsofwebcontent”可知,这个联合倡议的目的是提高网上内容的可信度,故选B4.C 考查推理判断根据“SirTimsaysanothermajorchallengewillbetoprovidefreeInternetforeverybody”可知,SirTim希望每一个人都能免费上网,故选C
二、单句语法填空1.2017·北京高考Everyyear________makesthemostbeautifulkitewillwinaprizeintheKiteFestival.答案whoever whoever“无论谁”,表泛指,在句中作主语,相当于anyonewho2.Myrelationshipwiththeactorsisfundamental________myworkasadirector.答案to befundamentalto...“……是……的基础”3.Icansaythatitisthe________violencefilmthatIhaveeverseen.答案mostviolent 由“thatIhaveeverseen”可知,此处应用形容词最高级4.Hislastpaintingsareperhapsthemost________puzzlewhicheventheartistscantmakesenseof.答案puzzling 此处形容词puzzling“令人困惑的”作表语,描述主语paintings的本质特征5.________existsagoodwaytosolvetheproblemingeography.答案There Thereexists...“存在……;有……”6.Assecondhandsmokingis________harmanddangerouspeoplewantatotalbanagainstsmokinginpublic.答案harmful 此处形容词harmful“有害的”作表语7.Sheboughtaheavycurtain________blockoutthelight.答案toblock 此处动词不定式短语toblockout作目的状语8.Thoughinjuredseriouslyhetriedtocheer________hopingtomakehisparentslessworried.答案up cheerup“使感到高兴,使振作起来”9.Measureshavebeentakentopreventtheriverfrom________pollute.答案beingpolluted preventsb./sth.fromdoingsth.“阻止某人/某物做某事”,且本句中pollute和river存在逻辑上的被动关系,故填动名词的被动结构10.________likewhatyousupposedonlyafewpeopleattendedthepartywhichwasdisappointing.答案Unlike 根据语意可知,“并不像”你所猜测的那样,故填Unlike,引导名词性从句
三、完形填空阅读下列短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可能填入空白处的最佳选项2018·河北石家庄高三复习教学质量检测二WhenmysisterDianebeganplayingtheviolin,shewasseven.Howdidshesound?Terrible.Butshedidnt__1__.Attwelve,sheaskedourparentsifshecould__2__afulltimemusicschool.Theysaidno.Actually,everyoneagreedthatmysister__3__talent.Iwasbetteratmy__4__.MyteacherhadtoldmyparentsthatIhadgreat__5__.Somyparentsfoundthebestpianoteacherintheareato__6__me.Buttheonlytimehewas__7__wasSaturdayafternoonsat3p.m..Backthen,Iwas__8__abouttheBritishTVshow“TheAvengers”,whichwas__9__everySaturdayat3p.m..Iletnothingtakeupmy“TheAvengers”hour.SoI__10__thisamazingopportunity.Today,Idontevenhavea__11__inmyhouse.Mysisterbecameanengineer,butshe__12__stoppedmakingmusic.Whenshewasinher40s,sheswitchedher__13__.Shewentbacktocollege,gotan__14__inmusiceducation,andbecameamusicteacher.Shestartskidsoffontheirfirstinstrumentandgivesthemalltheencouragementandsupportshenever__15__.Recently,sheandapianistpalputonarecital.Abigcrowdoffriendsandfamily__16__forher.Assheplayed,Ilookedaroundatthe__17__.Everyonewas__18__enjoyingthemusic.ItoccurredtomethatIwastheonlypersonthatrememberedthat7yearoldkidmakingthoseperfectly__19__soundsandknewhowfarshehade,despite__20__.Talentisimportant.Butenthusiasmisevenmoreimportant.1.A.advance B.quitC.reflectD.listen2.A.inspectB.openC.attendD.visit3.A.lackedB.spottedC.possessedD.admired4.A.majorB.projectC.positionD.instrument5.A.patienceB.enthusiasmC.potentialD.ambition6.A.trainB.examineC.correctD.challenge7.A.punctualB.skillfulC.occupiedD.available8.A.sensitiveB.crazyC.seriousD.particular9.A.filmedB.designedC.airedD.mented10.A.jumpedatB.turneddownC.waitedforD.openedup11.A.tutorB.violinC.musicianD.piano12.A.neverB.onceC.alreadyD.even13.A.attitudeB.careerC.planD.position14.A.scholarshipB.sponsorC.degreeD.assistant15.A.providedB.imaginedC.receivedD.expected16.A.votedB.fearedC.stayedupD.turnedup17.A.studentsB.audienceC.spotlightsD.platform18.A.obviouslyB.desperatelyC.appropriatelyD.anxiously19.A.boomingB.pleasingC.awfulD.powerful20.A.everythingB.somethingC.everybodyD.somebody【解题导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文,通过讲述妹妹追求梦想的经历告诉我们天赋很重要,但更重要的是热情1.B 根据上文的“Howdidshesound?Terrible”可知,“我”妹妹的小提琴演奏得糟糕透了;结合本句的“But”表示的转折意义可知,但她没有放弃quit2.C 根据上文可知,尽管妹妹的小提琴演奏得很糟糕,但是她仍不愿放弃;据此可以判断,本句句意为在十二岁时,她问父母她是否可以去全日制的音乐学校上学attendschool为固定搭配,意为“上学”3.A 根据上文的“Theysaidno”和父母没有答应让她去全日制音乐学校学习可以判断,每个人都认为“我”的妹妹缺乏lacked天赋,故A项正确4.D 根据本段第三句的“Somyparentsfoundthebestpianoteacherinthearea”可知,“我”的父母为“我”找了当地最好的钢琴老师教“我”学钢琴;据此可以判断,与妹妹相比,“我”更擅长“我”的乐器5.C 根据下文的“Somyparentsfoundthebestpianoteacherinthearea”可知,“我”的父母为“我”找了当地最好的钢琴老师来教“我”学钢琴;据此可以判断,老师告诉父母说“我”很有潜能potentialA项意为“耐心”,B项意为“热情”,D项意为“抱负”,都与语境不符6.A 参见上题解析A项意为“培训,教育”;B项意为“检查”;C项意为“改正”;D项意为“挑战”7.D 根据语境可知,钢琴老师只有每周六下午三点有空D项意为“有空的”,符合语境,故D项正确A项意为“准时的”,B项意为“技术好的”,C项意为“使用中”,都与语境不符8.B 根据本句中的“abouttheBritishTVshow”可判断,“我”热衷于一档英国电视节目becrazyabout为固定搭配,意为“热衷于”,故B项正确A项意为“敏感的”,C项意为“严肃的”,D项意为“特别的,尤其的”,都与语境不符9.C 根据该句中的“everySaturdayat3p.m.”可知,这档英国电视节目在每周六的下午三点播放air在本句中意为“播出,播送”,属于熟词生义,故C项正确A项意为“拍电影”,B项意为“设计”,D项意为“评论”10.B 根据上文的“Iletnothingtakeupmy‘TheAvengershour”可知,“我”不让任何事情占用“我”看这档节目的时间,据此可以判断,“我”拒绝了这一机会B项意为“拒绝”,符合语境,故B项正确A项意为“迫不及待地接受”,C项意为“等待,等候”,D项意为“打开;开发;展示”,都与语境不符11.D 根据本段的“Somyparentsfoundthebestpianoteacherinthearea”可以判断,由于“我”拒绝了学钢琴,所以现在家里甚至一台钢琴也没有,故D项正确12.A 根据空后两句可知,“我”妹妹在四十几岁时上大学学习音乐;据此可知,尽管“我”妹妹成了一名工程师,但是她从未never停止对音乐的追求,故A项正确13.B 根据下文的“andbecameamusicteacher”可知,在她四十几岁时,她改变了职业career,从工程师成为一名音乐老师,故B项正确A项意为“态度”,C项意为“计划”,D项意为“地位;职位”,都与语境不符14.C 根据句中的“Shewentbacktocollege”和“andbecameamusicteacher”可知,她重返大学学习音乐,并取得了音乐教育的学位degree,成了一名音乐老师A项意为“奖学金”,B项意为“赞助人”,D项意为“助手”,都与语境不符15.C 根据上文可知,“我”的父母认为妹妹没有音乐天赋,拒绝了妹妹上全日制音乐学校的请求,据此可以判断,妹妹做音乐老师时,给了孩子们她未曾得到received的鼓励和支持A项意为“提供”,B项意为“想象”,D项意为“期望”,都与语境不符16.D 根据上文的“putonarecital”可知,妹妹和一位钢琴家举办了一场演奏会;据此可以判断,朋友和家人们都到场了A项意为“投票”,B项意为“担心,害怕”,C项意为“熬夜”,D项意为“到达,露面”17.B 根据下文的“enjoyingthemusic”可知,所有人都在欣赏妹妹演奏的音乐;据此可知,“我”环顾了四周的观众audience,故B项正确A项意为“学生”,C项意为“聚光灯”,D项意为“平台,讲台”18.A 根据本句中的“enjoyingthemusic”可知,很显然obviously,所有人都在欣赏妹妹演奏的音乐B项意为“极其”,C项意为“恰当地”,D项意为“焦虚的;担心的;着急地”,都与语境不符19.C 根据上文的“HowdidshesoundTerrible”可知,七岁时,“我”妹妹的小提琴演奏得糟糕透了awful,故C项正确A项意为“迅速发展的”,B项意为“令人愉快的”,D项意为“有力量的”,都与语境不符20.A 根据本句中的“andknewhowfarshehadedespite”并结合上文可知,“我”想起了妹妹七岁时演奏小提琴的糟糕的声音,只有“我”知道她不顾一切everything走了多远
四、单句改错1.MaryarrivedjustontimeforherflighttoLondon._____________________________________________________答案on→in intimefor...“及时赶上了……”2.Itwashotintheroombecausetheairconditioningsystembrokeout._____________________________________________________答案out→down breakdown“出故障”3.Shemarriedat27andgavebirthofherfirstchildshortly._____________________________________________________答案of→to givebirthto“分娩;产生”4.Watchoutsharpbendsandadjustyourspeedaccordingly._____________________________________________________答案out后加for watchoutforsth.“当心/密切注意某物”5.ThenewstadiumbeingbuiltforthenextAsianGameswillbethreetimesasbiggerasthepresentone._____________________________________________________答案bigger→big 在比较等级的表达方式中“as...as”中,应用形容词或副词的原级
五、短文改错2017·山西省三区八校联考二模DearChris,ImLiMing,monitorofClassOne,SeniorOne.Imgladtohearthatyouwilletoourschoolasexchangestudentnextterm.Ifeelitanhonorofustostudywithyou.NowIhavesomethingtotellyouabout.Firstly,withtheclimatechanging,youshouldpreparedenoughclothes.ThentherearedifferentkindoffoodsandsnackswhichwillgiveyouachancetoexperiencingrichChinesefoodculture.Inaddition,everystudentisfriendlytoforeignfriends,thatwillmakeiteasyforyoutogetalonggoodwiththem.Lastbutnotleast,wecandowhatwecantohelpyou,andyoumustgetpreparedtomeettrouble.Duringyourstayhere,IhopeyoucantellusmoreaboutAmericanculture.Onlybyunderstandingandlearnfromeachothercanwespendthesedaystogetherhappily.Yours,LiMing.文章大意短文为李明写给交换生Chris的一封信,表示在他来我校交换期间会帮助他适应环境,以及互相学习答案DearChris,ImLiMing,monitorofClassOne,SeniorOne.Imgladtohearthatyouwilletoourschoolasexchangestudentnextterm.Ifeelitanhonorustostudywithyou.NowIhavesomethingtotellyouabout.Firstly,withtheclimatechanging,youshouldenoughclothes.ThentherearedifferentoffoodsandsnackswhichwillgiveyouachancetorichChinesefoodculture.Inaddition,everystudentisfriendlytoforeignfriends,willmakeiteasyforyoutogetalongwiththem.Lastbutnotleast,wecandowhatwecantohelpyou,youmustgetpreparedtomeettrouble.Duringyourstayhere,IhopeyoucantellusmoreaboutAmericanculture.Onlybyunderstandingandfromeachothercanwespendthesedaystogetherhappily.❶ 解析考查冠词,student是可数名词,前需加冠词,exchange是以元音音素开头的单词,因此使用不定冠词an❷ 解析考查固定搭配,表达“对于某人而言”使用介词for❸ 解析考查固定搭配,此处是“告诉某人”,使用tellsb.,多了介词about❹ 解析考查动词,should是情态动词,后接动词原形,因此使用prepare❺ 解析考查名词的复数形式,kind“种类”是可数名词,表示“不同的种类”,different后接其复数形式❻ 解析考查动词的用法,achancetodosth.“做某事的机会”,to为动词不定式,后接动词原形,因此使用experience❼ 解析考查定语从句引导词,考查非限制性定语从句的引导词,使用which❽ 解析考查固定搭配,表达“与某人相处融洽”使用动词短语getalongwellwithsb.,因此good改为well❾ 解析考查连词的用法,前后句子为转折的关系,and为并列的关系,因此改为but 解析考查动名词形式,此处and连接两个并列的结构,by后接动名词,因此learn使用其动名词形式learning。