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GreatScientists
一、阅读理解阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中,选出最佳选项AgunmankilledtwomembersofatelevisionnewscrewintheUnitedStatesearlierthisweek.TheirTVstationbroadcasttheshooting“live”inrealtime.TheshootingshockedmanyAmericansandpeoplearoundtheworld.OneUSteenagerwantstohelppreventsuchattacks.KaiKloepferlivesinBoulder,Colorado.Hehasatalentfortechnology.Hehasbeenteachinghimselfengineeringskillssincehewasachild.Hearingofsomanygunattacks,hedecidedtousehisskillstohelppreventmassshootings.Theyoungmansgoalwastomakeagunthatwouldnotworkinthehandsofakiller.Butheknewitwouldbeimpossibleforhimtostopdangerouspeoplefrombuyingguns.Sohechangeddirection.Hedecidedtocreateagundesignedtopreventaccidentalshootings.ThegunKaiKloepferdesignedonlyworkswhenunlockedbythefingerprintoftheowner,andnotbyanyoneelse.Thegunonlyrecognizesthetouchofitsowner.Ittooktheteenagersevenmonthsandover1500hourstocreateaplasticmodelofhis“smartgun”.Heenteredhisfingerprinthandguninalocalsciencefairandwon.Hisawardincludedafinancialprize.Hereceived$
50000.Themoneyistosupportimprovementingunsafety.KaiKloepferisnow18yearsold.Hehasbeenusingthegrantmoneytoimprovethetechnology.Hesaystheweaponhedesigneddoesntchangethefunctionofafirearmatall.Itjustmakesitsafer.Heisnowworkingtoaddthefingerprintlocktechnologytoarealgun.Hesaysheexpectstoonedayseehis“smartgun”forsalenexttootherfirearms.Theyoungmanplanstospendthenextyearimprovinghisfingerprinthandgun.Thenhewillstartcollegeatoneoftheworldstopuniversities—theMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.1.WhydoesKaiKloepfertrytoinventthegunA.Topreventpeoplefrombuyingguns.B.Toprotectpeopleslives.C.Tolimitfunctionsofagun.D.Toreducepowerofagun.2.TheguncreatedbyKaiKloepferiscontrolledbytheownersfingerprintto________.A.keepitconvenienttouseB.makeitsafetocarryaroundC.protectitsownerfromharmD.avoidbeingusedbyothers3.HowistheprogressofKaiKloepfersguninventionA.Itisbeingshowninafair.B.Itisunderfurtherresearch.C.Itwillsooneintothemarket.D.Itneedsdesigningonceagain.4.WhatsKaiKloepferswishforhisfingerprintgunA.Itwillbringenoughmoneyforhim.B.Itwillreplacetraditionalguns.C.Itcanbesoldonthemarket.D.Itcanhelpforbidtheuseofguns.【解题导语】本篇文章是记叙文,讲述了美国一名科技爱好青年KaiKloepfer改良枪支的故事1.B 考查推理判断根据第二段的“Hearingofsomanygunattackshedecidedtousehisskillstohelppreventmassshootings”和第三段的“Hedecidedtocreateagundesignedtopreventaccidentalshootings”可推知,选项B“为了保护人们的生命”是正确的,所以选B2.D 考查推理判断根据第三段的“ThegunKaiKloepferdesignedonlyworkswhenunlockedbythefingerprintoftheowner,andnotbyanyoneelse.Thegunonlyrecognizesthetouchofitsowner”可知,KaiKloepfer设计的枪只有枪的主人用指纹才能打开,而其他任何人都无法使用该枪这支枪只识别其主人的触摸因此选项D“避免被别人使用”正确3.B 考查推理判断根据第五段的“Hehasbeenusingthegrantmoneytoimprovethetechnology”和“Heisnowworkingtoaddthefingerprintlocktechnologytoarealgun”可知,他一直在使用这笔奖金来提高技术,并致力于把指纹锁技术运用到真枪中选项B“手枪的技术正在深入研究之中”是可以推理出来的,所以选B4.C 考查细节理解根据第五段的“Hesaysheexpectstoonedayseehis‘smartgun’forsalenexttootherfirearms”可知,他期待有一天看到他的智能手枪像其他枪一样被出售,所以选C
二、单句语法填空1.Onlywhenhearrived________themeetingbegin.答案did “only+状语从句”位于句首,句子要部分倒装由时间状语从句whenhearrived可知,应用一般过去时,故填did2.NeitherInorJohn________betiredofthespeech.Itisinteresting.答案is neither...nor...连接两个并列主语,谓语动词的数遵循“就近一致”原则,故填is3.________absorbinwritingaletterhedidntevenlookupwhenIcamein.答案Absorbed beabsorbedin...“全神贯注于……”,此处为分词作状语,故填Absorbed4.Thatyou________exposetothesunlightfortoolongwillbeharmfultoyourskin.答案areexposed beexposedto...“暴露于……;接触……”5.Thereisnosensein________worryaboutthefuture.答案worrying Thereisnosenseindoingsth.“做某事是没有意义的”6.While________attendtothecentraltaskweshouldunfoldtheworkinotherfields.答案attending attendto“处理;照料”,从句的主语和主句主语一致,且谓语部分含有be动词的相应形式时,可省略从句中的主语和be动词,补充完整为Whileweareattendingto...,故填attending7.Thebankmanagerwasreally________blamethoughhetriedtoputitonaclerk.答案toblame betoblame“应受责备;应承担责任”,为主动形式表示被动意义8.MrReedmadeuphismindtocontributeallhehadto________setupsomeschoolsforpoorchildren.答案setting contribute...to...“为……奉献……”,其中to为介词,其后应用名词、代词或动名词形式,故填setting9.Myparentstendtoacceptanyidea________putforwardbyexpertsonTV.答案put putforward“提出”,此处应用过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰名词idea10.Irecognizedhervoice________momentIpickedupthereceiver.答案the themoment“一……就……”
三、完形填空2018·山西八校第一次联考Oneday,whilewewerevisitingmyparentsonafarminlatesummer,DadmentionedhedalwayswantedaCrimsonKingMapleTreefortheyard.Momagreedthatthetreeswere__1__.Likemanyotherparents,minewerehardto__2__for,soIfiguredthiswasagreatopportunitytogetthemsomethingtheyd__3__.Ialsothoughttwowouldbeevenbetter.Icheckedthe__4__atworkanddecideditwasabitmorethanIcould__5__—butallofmysiblings兄弟姊妹agreedtogivesomemoneytobuythetrees.InnorthernOhio,youdontplantmapletreesatChristmas,sowedecidedto__6__MomandDadwithaspecialChristmasinOctoberbeforetheground__7__.Weaskedmyauntifshedhelpuswiththe“__8__”,andshecalledmyparents__9__tosayshewasingforaSundayvisit.Thenmysistersandsistersinlawwentinto__10__,planningabigholidayturkeydinner.Onthe__11__Sunday,weallmetatmyhouseand__12__thetreesintoatruck.I__13__asSantaClaus.Whenwearrivedatmyparentshouse,Dadwas__14__somethingwaswrongfirst.HeandMomwereamazedwhenwetoldthem__15__wewerethere.WhenChristmas__16__,ofcourse,wecouldntgotoourparentshouseemptyhanded,soMomandDadgot__17__presentsthatyear.Almosthalfacenturylater,I__18__drivebytheoldfarmandsmilewhenIseethosebig,handsome__19__andremembergivingaspecial__20__tospecialpeopleatChristmasinOctober.1.A.distinctive B.fragrantC.expensiveD.pretty2.A.shopB.representC.answerD.care3.A.deserveB.appreciateC.advertiseD.imagine4.A.resultB.numberC.priceD.express5.A.affordB.expectC.fancyD.handle6.A.frightenB.assistC.surpriseD.reward7.A.warmedB.frozeC.softenedD.darkened8.A.trickB.purchaseC.choiceD.decoration9.A.inadvanceB.intimeC.byaccidentD.onpurpose10.A.serviceB.actionC.effectD.production11.A.regularB.separateC.givenD.chosen12.A.sortedB.loadedC.transportedD.transplanted13.A.dressedupB.passedoffC.lookedonD.startedout14.A.delightedB.annoyedC.disappointedD.convinced15.A.whenB.howC.whyD.whether16.A.camearoundB.droppedoutC.turnedupD.drewin17.A.generousB.additionalC.doubleD.special18.A.evenB.justC.onceD.still19.A.farmsB.treesC.trucksD.yards20.A.congratulationB.giftC.donationD.greeting【解题导语】本文为记叙文,涉及家庭关系话题作者讲述了自己和亲人们一起用特别的方式给其父母带来惊喜的经历1.D 上文提及父亲想要在庭院种植一棵枫树,下文提及“thosebighandsome”,故此处应是母亲也欣然同意,认为枫树很漂亮prettydistinctive“与众不同的”;fragrant“芳香的”2.A 根据上文的“Likemanyotherparentsminewerehardto”,下文的“soIfiguredthiswasagreatopportunitytogetthemsomething”以及接下来介绍的作者兄弟姊妹几人为父母买礼物的内容可知,此处指作者觉得给父母买东西是很难的,故选shop“购物”3.B 根据上文的“DadmentionedhedalwayswantedaCrimsonKingMapleTreefortheyard...”及下文介绍的为父母买礼物的内容可知,此处指作者认为这是一个给父母买他们欣赏的东西的好机会deserve“值得,应得”;appreciate“感激,欣赏”;advertise“为……做广告”;imagine“想象”4.C 根据下文的“butallofmysiblings兄弟姊妹agreedtogivesomemoneytobuythetrees”可知,作者在上班时查看了一下枫树的价格price,认为它的价格比自己能支付得起afford的还要高一点express“快递”5.A 参见上题解析6.C 从下文作者联合其姑姑来帮忙实施这个计划以及计划具体实施的内容可知,作者他们想给父母一个惊喜surpriseassist“帮助,协助”7.B 根据上下文语境及句中的“InnorthernOhioyoudontplantmapletreesatChristmas”“aspecialChristmasinOctoberbeforetheground”可知,作者他们决定在土地上冻之前让父母度过一个特别的圣诞节freeze“结冰”符合语境soften“变软,软化”8.A 根据上下文语境可知,作者询问姑姑是否可以帮忙实施这个“骗局trick”9.A 根据上下文语境可知,作者的姑姑提前inadvance给作者的父母打电话说她会在周日来拜访intime“及时”;byaccident“意外地”;onpurpose“故意地”10.B 根据下文的“planningabigholidayturkeydinner”可知,随后,作者的姊妹和嫂子或弟媳行动起来gointoaction“行动起来”符合语境gointoservice“投入使用”;gointoeffect“生效”;gointoproduction“投产”11.D 根据语境可知,作者和亲人们在选定的chosen那个周日聚到自己家里regular“惯常的,有规律的”12.B 根据下文的“thetreesintoatruck”可知,作者他们把树装上loaded卡车transport“运输,运送”;transplant“移植”13.A 根据下文的“asSantaClaus”可知,作者把自己装扮dressedup成圣诞老人passsb./sth.offas“把……冒充为……”;lookonsb./sth.as“把……当做……”;startoutas“以……开始,起初是……”14.D 根据上下文语境及句中的“somethingwaswrongfirst”可知,作者的父亲一开始坚信哪里出了问题convinced“确信,坚信”符合语境15.C 根据语境可知,当我们告诉他们我们为什么why会在那里的时候,父母感到很吃惊16.A 根据下文的内容可知,当又到圣诞节时,作者他们去探望父母earound“再次出现,再度发生”;dropout“退出”;turnup“出现”;drawin“白天变得渐短”17.C 根据上文的“InnorthernOhioyoudontplantmapletreesatChristmassowedecidedto...withaspecialChristmasinOctober”可知,作者他们在十月份的时候已经为父母送上了一份特别的圣诞节礼物,而在真正的圣诞节到来的时候,他们又不能空手去拜访自己的父母,故作者的父母那年是收到了双份的double圣诞节礼物additional“额外的”18.D 根据上下文语境可知,时隔几乎半个世纪之后,当作者看到那些高大、漂亮的枫树trees时依然still会面带微笑地驶过那个农场19.B 参见上题解析20.B 作者看着那些枫树时,会想起自己多年前在特别的圣诞节送给父母特别的礼物gift上文中的“presentsthatyear”亦是关键提示donation“捐赠物”;greeting“问候”
四、单句改错1.Althoughdefeatinginthematchwedidntloseheart._____________________________________________________答案defeating→defeated 此处表示在比赛中被打败,故应用过去分词表被动2.WhenIopenedthedoorIfoundmyfathersittinginhischairpletelyabsorbinginthenewspaper._____________________________________________________答案absorbing→absorbed beabsorbedin“全神贯注于……”,此处为过去分词短语作状语3.Itmakesasensetoworkontheproblembeforeitgetsoutofcontrol._____________________________________________________答案去掉a makesensetodosth.“做某事是明智的,合乎情理的”,为固定用法,故去掉a4.Neithertheteachernorthestudentsiscontentwiththeresult._____________________________________________________答案is→are neither...nor...连接两主语时,谓语动词应遵循“就近原则”5.Theplanwasputforwardatyesterdaysmeetinginmyopinionisquitepractical._____________________________________________________答案去掉was或was前加which/that 该句中已有谓语动词is故putforwardatyesterdaysmeeting为过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰作主语的名词plan;也可用定语从句作定语修饰先行词plan,因此添加定语从句的关系词引出定语从句,关系词在从句中作主语,先行词指物,所以在was前加which/that
五、七选五AreYourClothesCausingPollutionVerysmallpiecesofplastic,calledmicrofiber,arepollutingriversandoceans.__1__Clotheswornforoutdooractivitiesandexerciseareoftenmadeofartificialmaterials,whichareusefulinkeepingwarm.Buttheycontainverysmallplasticfibers,whichmayalsobeharmingtheenvironmentwhenyouwashthem.Whenpeoplewashtheseclothes,verysmallpiecesgodownthedrain下水道withthewashwater.__2__Pollutioncausedbyplasticisnotnew,butrecentstudieshaveshowntheeffectofmicrofiberontheenvironment.Studiesshowmicrofiberisendingupinourwaters,whichmayefromwastewatertreatmentfactories.A2015studyfounditinfishfromCalifornia.MicrofiberseffectonfoodsuppliesBeyondthewaterways,theresearcherssaymicrofibermayendupinsoilandagriculturallands.__3__Thismeansthereismuchtobelearnedaboutmicrofiberandtheenvironment.Somestudieshaveshownthatmicrofiberendsupinsideseaanimals,likeoysters.__4__Researcherssaythatthefiberstendnottomoveintothetissueofthefish,butitneedsmorestudy.StepstokeepmicrofiberfromtheenvironmentUntilmoreinformationbeesknown,therearestepstotaketoreducetheamountofmicrofiberintheenvironment.Peopleshoulduselessoftheartificialmaterials.Ifwealreadyhavethoseinourlivesandwereusingthem,animportantstepwouldbewashingthemless.__5__Abagisbeingdesignedinwhichyoucanwashtheseclothes.Thebagtrapsthemicrofiberinitanditmaybeavailableforpurchasesoon.A.Newtechnologymayalsohelp.B.Studiesonhowmuchofthemicrofiberarereleased.C.Thesourceofthemicrofibermaysurpriseyou yourclothes.D.Washingmachineskeepmicrofiberfromescapingwithwashwater.E.Studiesonmicrofiberintheenvironment.F.Itcanalsomovearoundtheatmosphere.G.Soifmicrofiberhasbeenfoundinfishandseafood,aretheysafetoeat【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文文章主要介绍了微纤维的来源、微纤维对环境以及食物供应的影响和减少微纤维进入环境的措施1.C 由文章标题“AreYourClothesCausingPollution”可知,本文与衣服导致污染有关,并结合下文可知,造成污染的微纤维来自于有些用人工材料制成的衣服,故C项符合语境2.E 根据文章结构可知,空处为该部分小标题空后的段落主要讲的是微纤维对环境的影响,故E项符合语境3.F 结合空前一句中的“thewaterways”和“insoilandagriculturallands”可知,研究人员认为微纤维可能扩散到水道,土壤和农田中,故F项“它也能在大气中移动”符合语境4.G 空前一句中的“seaanimalslikeoysters”与G项中的“fishandseafood”相呼应,故G项符合语境5.A 空后一句中的“Abagisbeingdesigned”正是A项中的“Newtechnology”,故A项符合语境。