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一、阅读理解阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项A、B、C和D中,选出最佳选项Anewstudyhasfoundtheamountofantibiotics抗生素giventofarmanimalsisexpectedtoincreasebytwothirdsoverthenext15years.Researchersarelinkingthegrowingdependenceonthedrugstotheincreasingneedformeat,milkandeggs.However,thedrugscouldquickenthedevelopmentofantibioticresistantinfections感染.SuchinfectionsarealreadyamajorpublichealthconcernintheUnitedStates.TheWorldHealthOrganizationWHOnoteswhenpeoplestoplivinginpoverty贫困,thefirstthingtheywanttodoiseatbetter,ratherthanearnmoremoney.Formostpeople,thatmeanstheirdietshouldcontainmoremeat.WiththerapiddevelopmentofAsia,peoplethereareeatingnearlyfourtimesasmuchmeat,milkandothermilkproductsastheydid50yearsago.Tomeettheneed,farmershaveputmanyanimalsintosmallerspaces.Astheanimalsarecrowdedtogether,theeasiestwaytodealwithsomeoftheproblemsofcrowdingistogivethemantibiotics.Itsclearthatantibioticshelpanimalsstayhealthyincrowdedenvironmentsandgrowfaster.Butbacteriacandevelopresistancetothedrugsgradually.Nowadays,doctorsfindantibioticsthatonceworkedagainsttheinfectionsnolongerwork.Thebacteriahavelearnedwaystofightagainstthedrugs.Theheavyuseofantibioticsinfarmanimalsisresponsibleforthegrowthofantibioticresistanceworldwide.EachyearintheUnitedStates,atleasttwomillionpeoplegetantibioticresistantinfectionsandatleast23000diefromtheseinfections.Europehasbannedtheuseofantibioticstoincreaseanimalgrowth.AndtheUnitedStatesishopingtopersuadefarmerstostopusingantibioticsforthatpurpose.1.WhataccountsfortheincreasingamountofantibioticsgiventofarmanimalsA.Thedesirefornewdrugs.B.Thelesseffectiveantibiotics.C.Theoutdatedfarmtechnology.D.Theneedformorevariousfoods.2.WhatdomostpeoplewanttodofirstwhentheygetridofpovertyaccordingtotheWHOA.Makingalotofmoney.B.Focusingmoreonhealth.C.Havingmoremeatintheirdiet.D.Livinginabetterenvironment.3.WhatcanbeinferredfromthepassageA.Antibioticsdoharmtoanimals.B.Antibioticshelpanimalsstayhealthy.C.AntibioticsareusedheavilyinEurope.D.Antibioticresistantbacteriaspreadtopeople.4.WhatsthepassagemainlyaboutA.Thenegativeeffectofantibioticsonfarmanimals.B.Theadvantagesofusingantibiotics.C.Thereasonforbanningtheuseofantibiotics.D.Anewwayofraisingfarmanimals.【解题导语】本文主要围绕在农场动物身上使用抗生素的负面影响展开【难句分析】TheWorldHealthOrganizationWHOnoteswhenpeoplestoplivinginpoverty贫困,thefirstthingtheywanttodoiseatbetterratherthanearnmoremoney.分析本句为复合句notes后接省略了连接词that的宾语从句;该宾语从句中含有when引导的时间状语从句whenpeoplestoplivinginpoverty;theywanttodo为省略了关系词that的定语从句,修饰thefirstthing;ratherthan连接的并列结构在宾语从句中作表语译文世界卫生组织指出,当人们摆脱贫穷之后,他们想做的第一件事情就是吃得好点,而不是挣更多的钱1.D 考查细节理解根据第一段中的“Researchersarelinkingthegrowingdependenceonthedrugstotheincreasingneedformeat,milkandeggs”可知,研究人员认为用于农场动物身上的抗生素的数量增加与人们对各种不同的食物的需求增加有关,故选D项2.C 考查细节理解根据第二段中的“TheWorldHealthOrganizationWHOnoteswhenpeoplestoplivinginpoverty贫困,thefirstthingtheywanttodoiseatbetter,ratherthanearnmoremoney.Formostpeople,thatmeanstheirdietshouldcontainmoremeat”可知,C项正确3.D 考查推理判断结合第四段中的“EachyearintheUnitedStates,atleasttwomillionpeoplegetantibioticresistantinfectionsandatleast23000diefromtheseinfections”可推知,抗生素耐药细菌传播到了人身上,故选D由第三段中的“Itsclearthatantibioticshelpanimalsstayhealthyincrowdedenvironmentsandgrowfaster”可知,A项表述有误,可排除;由最后一段中的“Europehasbannedtheuseofantibioticstoincreaseanimalgrowth”可知C项表述错误,可排除;B项最具干扰性,因为B项本身是正确的,但是B项是文中的明确信息,不需要推断得出,而题干所要求的选项需要经过推理判断得来,所以B项不符合题意诸如B项这类本身正确,但不满足题干要求的选项是考生做题时需要特别留意的4.A 考查主旨大意结合文章内容可以看出,本文主要说的是在农场动物身上使用抗生素的负面影响,故选A项
二、单句语法填空1.2017·天津高考Thehospitalhasrecentlyobtainednewmedicalequipment________allowmorepatientstobetreated.答案allowing 句意医院最近获得了新医疗设备,从而使更多的病人得到治疗成为可能此处用现在分词短语作结果状语2.—Thelastone________arrivepaysthemeal.—Agree!答案toarrive 代词one前有thelast,所以用不定式作后置定语3.Lookdarkcloudsaregatheringinthesky;itislikely________rainlateron.答案torain belikelytodosth.“很可能做某事”4.Therehasbeenaclose________associatebetweenthesetwopanies.答案association 由设空前的“aclose”可知,应填名词形式association,意为“联系”5.Thefemalehormoneshelpthebodydefenditself________somekindsofinfections.答案against/from 句意这些雌激素帮助身体抵御某些类型的感染defend...against/from“保护……免受……”6.Ones________faceexpressionsmaytellyousomeofhis/herinnerfeelings.答案facial facialexpressions“面部表情”7.Imcurious________knowwhathashappenedtohim.答案toknow becurioustodosth.“很想做某事”8.Theyclaimedthatthey________representtheinterestsofworkersinthesteelfactory.答案represented 此处represent是宾语从句的谓语动词,意为“代表”,由claimed可知,应用一般过去时9.Hethrewthepapersdownonmydeskandwalkedoutwith________angry.答案anger 介词with后接名词,应填anger,withanger“生气地”10.Thewomansaidthedaily________greethavebeeahabit.答案greetings 形容词daily后接名词,且此处表泛指,应用复数形式,dailygreetings“日常问候”
三、完形填空2018·甘肃省兰州市高考诊断考试WhenyourchildissupposedtobedoinghomeworkaretheychattingwiththeirfriendsonFacebookorplayinggamesManystudieshaveshownthatmultitaskingdoesnt__1__,__2__youchildisprobablyproudlyclaimingtheycandotenthings__3__!Manypeoplebelievethattheycan__4__twoormoretasksatthesametimebutDr.EdwardHallowellsaysthisis__5__.Therealityisthatmultitasking__6__poorjobperformance.Newhandhelp__7__suchassmartphonesiPadsgamesandsocialnetworkingsitesmakeitveryeasytomultitaskand__8__attentionleadingtodifficultyfocusingonthetask__9__,suchaslisteningintheclassroomordoinghomework.“__10__,thebrainactually__11__kidsformultitaskingeventhoughyourchildsperformanceoneverytaskgetsworseandworse.Kidsdontknowthattheyaredoing__12__becausetheyfeelbetterwhentheymultitask,”saysDr.EdwardHallowell.__13__theappearanceofhandhelddevicesandsocialnetworkingsitesteachershavenoticedadifferencein__14__performancecriticalthinkingskillsandhowinformationis__15__.“Multitaskingpreventspeoplefromgainingadeepunderstandingoftheinformationtheyaretryingtolearn,”saysDr.EdwardHallowell.Kidshaveadifficulttimestickingwitha“difficulttounderstand”topicand__16__toallowthemselvestobedistracted注意力分散的totuneoutandswitch__17__toFacebookorusingtheircellphones__18__workingharderatunderstandingadifficultsubjectorproblem.Inthelong__19__,multitaskingaffectsgrades.OnestudyshowsthatkidsthatusetheInternetwhileinclassdo__20__ontestsresultinginlowergrades.1.A.playB.understandC.useD.work2.A.onlyifB.eventhoughC.sothatD.nowonder3.A.atonceB.rightawayC.innotimeD.atrandom4.A.advocateB.dealC.performD.prefer5.A.impossibleB.importantC.impatientD.impolite6.A.resultsinB.resultsfromC.existsinD.existsfrom7.A.designsB.discoveriesC.equipmentD.evidence8.A.attractB.drawC.payD.share9.A.athandB.ontimeC.onscheduleD.attimes10.A.UncertainlyB.UnfortunatelyC.UniversallyD.Undoubtedly11.A.remainsB.rewardsC.regardsD.reflects12.A.betterB.wellC.badD.worse13.A.SinceB.BeforeC.WhenD.While14.A.accidentalB.accurateC.accessibleD.academic15.A.producedB.processedC.possessedD.promoted16.A.tendB.attendC.intendD.pretend17.A.outB.onC.offD.over18.A.exceptforB.ratherthanC.morethanD.apartfrom19.A.runB.walkC.journeyD.distance20.A.hardlyB.successfullyC.poorlyD.mildly【解题导语】本文主要讲述了孩子们同时做多项任务对学业所造成的负面影响1.D 根据下文中的“Therealityisthatmultitasking__6__poorjobperformance”可推知,一次做很多事情并没有什么效果,work“奏效,起作用”2.B 根据语境可知,空处上下句之间存在逻辑上的转折关系,eventhough“即使,尽管”,符合语境3.A 根据下文中的“Manypeoplebelievethattheycan__4__twoormoretasksatthesametime”可知,孩子们会声称能同时做十件事情atonce“一起,同时”4.C 根据语境可知,许多人相信他们可以同时做两件或是更多事情perform“做,执行,履行”5.A 根据下文中的“poorjobperformance”可知,Dr.EdwardHallowell认为同时做多个任务是不可能的故A项正确6.A 根据语境尤其是“poorjobperformance”可推知,同时做多项任务的结果很不好resultin“导致,造成”7.C 根据空后的“smartphonesiPads”可知,此处表示新的便携式装备,故C项正确下文13空后的“handhelddevices”也是信息提示8.D 根据下文中的“leadingtodifficultyfocusingonthetask”可推知,多任务容易分散注意力share“共享,共用”9.A 根据空后的“suchaslisteningintheclassroomordoinghomework”可知,这些都是手头要做的事athand“在手边”10.B 根据第一段最后两句可知,Dr.EdwardHallowell并不赞成多任务行为,因此当大脑给这种行为以肯定或鼓励时,他认为是不幸的11.B 根据空后的“eventhough”可知,空处与worse形成对比,由此可推知大脑反而鼓励这种多任务行为reward“奖赏,报答”12.D 根据上文中的“getsworseandworse”和空后的“becausetheyfeelbetterwhentheymultitask”可知,孩子们并不知道自己变得更糟糕13.A 结合空后现在完成时的运用可知,此处应用连词since“自从……之后”引导状语从句14.D 根据上文的“teachers”可推知,老师们注意到学生们在学业上的差异academic“学术的”15.B 根据下文中的“Multitaskingpreventspeoplefromgainingadeepunderstandingoftheinformationtheyaretryingtolearn”可知,这些便携式工具的出现改变了学生处理信息的方式process“处理”16.A 根据空前的“Kidshaveadifficulttimestickingwitha‘difficulttounderstand’topic”可知,孩子们很难坚持一个理解起来有困难的话题,他们的注意力往往会分散tendtodosth.“往往会做某事”17.D 根据语境可知,既然注意力分散了,孩子们就有可能转而关注学习之外的东西switchoverto“转向”18.B 根据语境可知,孩子们去玩手机或Facebook,而不是更努力地学习ratherthan“而不是”19.A inthelongrun为固定短语,意为“从长远来看”,符合语境20.C 根据空后的“resultinginlowergrades”可知,在课堂上上网的孩子考试成绩差
四、单句改错1.AsTeachersDayapproachingourclassdecidedtoholdapartytocelebratetheimportantdayforachangethisyear._____________________________________________________答案As→With或approaching前加was WithTeachersDayapproaching和AsTeachersDaywasapproaching都表示“随着教师节的临近”前者,with是介词,构成with的复合结构;后者,as是连词,连接句子2.Hismindwaswitheaseandhefeltconfidentinthefuture._____________________________________________________答案with→at atease“不拘束,放松”符合句意3.Attheairporthekissedmegoodbyeonmycheek._____________________________________________________答案my→the 表示触碰别人身上某部位时,常用“动词+sb.+介词+the+身体部位”所涉及的动词有hitpattapbeatstrike等4.Generalspeakingthenumberofthepeoplewhodriveafterdrinkingissmallerandsmaller._____________________________________________________答案General→Generally generallyspeaking“一般来说”,与ingeneral意义相近5.Theremusthavebeensomemisunderstand.Ididnotorderallthesebooks._____________________________________________________答案misunderstand→misunderstanding some后应接名词,故改为misunderstanding,意为“误解;误会”
五、短文改错2017·石家庄市教学质量检测一Recently,afamousbasketballplayerhascausedpublicangrybywritingontheGreatWall.Inthefact,thishappensinmanyplaceofinterest.Ihadsomesuggestionstosolvethisproblem.First,makemoreposterstoinformthepublicthedamageofgraffiti涂鸦.Besides,punishments,suchasafine,isnecessarytotouristswithsobadbehavior.Also,Ithinkitshelpfullytoputupsomeboardsalongthetouristattractionsthattouristscanleavemessages.Imsurewithourefforts,moreandmorepeoplewillbeeconcerningaboutprotectingculturalrelics.【答案】 Recently,afamousbasketballplayerhascausedpublicbywritingontheGreatWall.Infact,thishappensinmanyofinterest.Isomesuggestionstosolvethisproblem.First,makemoreposterstoinformthepublicthedamageofgraffiti涂鸦.Besides,punishments,suchasafine,necessarytotouristswithbadbehavior.Also,Ithinkitstoputupsomeboardsalongthetouristattractionstouristscanleavemessages.Imsurewithourefforts,moreandmorepeoplewillbeeaboutprotectingculturalrelics.第一处angry→anger考查名词形容词public修饰名词,故用名词形式第二处删除fact前的the考查固定搭配infact为固定搭配,意为“事实上”,the多余第三处place→places考查名词的数根据该句中的many可知,名词place应当用复数形式第四处had→have考查时态根据上下文可知,该句陈述的是目前的情况,故用一般现在时第五处public后加of/about考查介词informsb.of/aboutsth.为固定搭配,表示“通知某人某事”第六处is→are考查主谓一致该句主语为复数名词punishments,故系动词用复数形式are第七处so→such考查限定词该句中behavior为不可数名词,只能用such修饰so用于“so+adj.+a/an+可数名词”结构第八处helpfully→helpful考查形容词is为系动词,后接形容词作表语第九处that→where考查定语从句的关系词分析该句结构可知,该句为定语从句,先行词为boards,关系词在从句中作地点状语,故用where引导该定语从句第十处concerning→concerned考查固定搭配be/beeconcernedabout为固定短语,意为“关注……”。