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必修2 Unit1 Culturalrelics
一、阅读理解AWehadaTVseriesinLondon.OneofourfellowTVpresentersseriouslyupsetthecameracrewwhentheyarrivedathishouse.Hewasrudeandunconcernedtreatingthemlikelowlyworkers.Minuteslaterwhenthecamerawasturnedonhebecametheperfectlysmilingspiritualfigurehewaspubliclyknowntobe.Butasthecrewtolduslaterhehadalreadyshownthemthathedidntwalkhistalk.IncontrastEdwasmeetingwithJoourTVproducerinasmallLondoncafe.IfyouhaveeverbeentoLondonyoullknowthatinsuchcafethetablesareveryclose.TwowelldressedAfricanmensatdownnexttothemwhicheffectivelymeanttheyweresharingthesametable.Edaskedthetwostrangerswheretheywerefromandonesaid SouthAfrica.Themanpulledouthisbusinesscard—hisnamewasJacobZumawhoatthattimewasthePresidentoftheANCbutisnowthePresidentofSouthAfrica.Usuallyifyousitnexttosomeoneinabigcitycafeyoudontevenmakeeyecontactletaloneconversation. JacobhadnevermetEdbeforesohecouldhavebeendistantandpolitehecertainlydidnthavetotalkletalonemaintainmunicationwhichhedidoverthefollowingfewyears.Heevenhuggedhim!Howwewalkourtalkshowsfarmorethanjustourpublicbehavior.Ratherithighlightshowweviewtheworldandourplaceinit.JacobZumashowedushowhetreatsothers—withthefairnessconsiderationandrespectthathetreatsallbeings.Nomatterwhowearewhetherastreetcleanerorapresidentweareallequalheretogetherasonehumanfamily.
1.WhatcanwelearnabouttheTVpresenterA.Hefeltupsetbeforethecamera.B.Hewasknownforhisbeingimpolite.C.Hisdeedsdidntagreewithhiswords.D.Hepretendedtobepolitetothecameracrew.
2.WhichwordcanbestdescribeJacobZumaaccordingtothetextA.Friendly.B.Humorous.C.Generous.D.Serious.
3.WhydidEdgotothesmallLondoncafeA.TofilmaTVseries.B.TointerviewJacobZuma.C.TomeetwithaTVproducer.D.Toobservepeoplespublicbehavior.
4.WhatisthetextmainlyaboutA.TVpresentersareoftentooproud.B.Therestillexistsinequalityinsociety.C.I.earnedpeoplearemorelikelytobepolite.D.Peopleshouldtreatotherswithequalrespect.【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文文章通过举例讲述了我们如何做到言行一致,礼貌待人我们的谈话方式是我们的公共行为,表明我们如何看待世界和我们在社会中的地位,因此我们应该公平的、体贴的、尊重地对待别人
1.C【解析】推理判断题根据第一段
二、三句Hewasrudeandunconcernedtreatingthemlikelowlyworkers.Minuteslaterwhenthecamerawasturnedonhebecametheperfectlysmilingspiritualfigurehewaspubliclyknowntobe.可知,这位电视节目主持人对待同事粗鲁不礼貌,当面对镜头,他就成了众所周知的完美的精神形象因此推断他是一个言行不一的人故选C
3.C【解析】细节理解题根据第二段第一句IncontrastEdwasmeetingwithJoourTVproducerinasmallLondoncafe.可知,Ed去咖啡馆是为了见一个电视节目制片人故选C
4.D【解析】主旨大意题纵观全文可知,文章通过举例讲述了我们如何做到言行一致,礼貌待人我们的谈话方式是我们的公共行为,表明我们如何看待世界和我们在社会中的地位,因此我们应该公平的、体贴的、尊重地对待别人故选DBTheeffectsofcoffeeconsumptiononhealthhavelongbeenasubjectofconflictanduncertainty.Sincethe1980ssomehavespokenoutagainstcoffeeasitsharmfultohealthwhileothershaveweledcoffeeforitssupposedbenefitstohealth.Accordingtoascientificreportmildcoffeeconsumptionthreetofivecupsperdaycanbetakenasahealthydietarypatternalongwithotherhealthfulbehavior.ThereportalsosaysthatcoffeeconsumptionhelpsreducetheriskofheartdiseaseanditprotectsagainstParkinsonsdisease.AccordingtoDr.DonaldHensrudofMayoClinichighconsumptionofcoffeehashealthrisks.Dr.Hensrudmentionsthedangersofhighcoffeeconsumptionforpeoplewithacertainillnessthatslowsthebreakdownofcaffeineinthebody.Somestudiessaidthatdrinkingtwoormorecupsofcoffeedailycanactuallyincreasetheriskofheartdiseaseinthesepeople.AccordingtoconclusionsfromarecentstudyledbyDr.GregoryMarcusadoctorfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaSanFranciscodailymoderateconsumptionofcaffeinelessthan4cupsisnotassociatedwiththeseissues.Untilthescientificmunityreachesageneralagreementontheeffectsofcoffeeconsumptiononhumanhealthitwillbeuptotheindividualtodecidewhetherthebenefitsofdrinkingcoffeearegreaterthantherisks.WheninformedofthesepossiblehealthbenefitsandharmofdrinkingcoffeeHarwoodahighschoolstudentstated“Eventhoughtheremightbesomenegativeeffectsofdrinkingcoffeeforthemostpartcoffeedrinkingsoundsgoodforhealth.NottomentionIneedcoffeetostayawake.”【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了人们对咖啡是否有益于身体健康的几种不同观点【难句分析】Dr.Hensrudmentionsthedangersofhighcoffeeconsumptionforpeoplewithacertainillnessthatslowsthebreakdownofcaffeineinthebody.分析该句为主从复合句句中thatslowsthebreakdownofcaffeineinthebody为that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词acertainillness译文Hensrud博士提到了对于患有某种疾病的人,大量饮用咖啡会有危害,因为这种病会减缓体内咖啡因的分解1.WhatisthepeoplesattitudetowardstheeffectsofcoffeeonhealthaccordingtoParagraph1A.Disapproving.B.Tolerant.C.Doubtful.D.Mixed.答案与解析D 考查细节理解根据第一段第一句“Theeffectsofcoffeeconsumptiononhealthhavelongbeenasubjectofconflictanduncertainty.”可知,长期以来,饮用咖啡是否对健康有影响一直是有争议的、不确定的D项意为“混合的,混杂的”,符合题意,故D项正确2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“moderate”inParagraph4probablymeanA.Personal.B.Slight.C.Reasonable.D.Heavy.答案与解析C考查词义猜测根据该句中的“lessthan4cups”可知,饮用的咖啡不超过4杯;据此可以判断,该句是说,每天摄入适量的咖啡因对身体无害据此可知,画线词意为“适度的”,故C项正确3.WhatcanweinferaboutHarwoodA.Hellkeepondrinkingcoffee.B.Heloveshishighschoollife.C.Heoftenfallsasleepinclass.D.Hehassomehealthproblems.答案与解析A考查推理判断根据文章最后两句“Eventhoughtheremightbesomenegativeeffectsofdrinkingcoffeeforthemostpart,coffeedrinkingsoundsgoodforhealth.NottomentionIneedcoffeetostayawake.”可知,Harwood认为,尽管喝咖啡可能会带来一些负面影响,但大多数情况下,喝咖啡对健康有好处;更不用说,他需要咖啡来保持清醒据此可以推断,他将继续喝咖啡,故A项正确4.WhatwouldbethebesttitleforthetextA.WhyPeopleLoveCoffeeB.HowCoffeeAffectsHealthC.TheCultureofCoffeeDrinkingD.TheNewFindingsofHeartDisease答案与解析B考查标题判断通读全文内容可知,文章主要介绍了人们对咖啡是否有益于身体健康说法不一有人认为适量饮用咖啡有益身体健康,有人却认为过量饮用咖啡会增加心脏病的发病率据此可知,B项最适合作为本文的标题
二、七选五Itisnecessarytobereasonableandflexibleenoughtoavoidconflictsasmuchaspossibleandliveinpeacewithothers.__1__Ifyouhavedoneallyourbesttoavoidconflictsandyouarestillarguing,thenreadtheseeffectivetipsonhowtoavoidconflicts.Dontgetinthecenteroftheconflict.Sometimespeoplecangetinthecenterofconflictsduetotheirenthusiasmforofferinghelp.Franklyspeaking,itisveryunwise,becauseitcanmakeyouthemainfigureoftheconflict.__2__Youshouldfocusonyourownlifeissues.Bekind.__3__Lifeisfullofconflictsanddisagreements,andthatswhyyoushouldfindmoreconservativewaysofdealingwiththem.Forexample,kindnesscanlessentheconflict.Trytobeapeacekeeper.Peacekeeperstendtocooperatewithpeoplewithoutbademotionswhichusuallyleadtoargumentsandevenconflicts.“__4__”Thissayingisthelifemottoofanaturalbornpeacekeeper.Dontworryifyouarenotanaturalbornpeacekeeper;youcangainthisskillduringlife.Walkoff.Whentheconflictisgatheringpaceandyoucantmanagetocontrolyourself,youshouldchoosetohandlethesituationinanotherway.Byallmeans,trytokeepyourselfawayfromstress.__5__Youshouldgetawayfromthesituationforawhile.A.Thegreatestvictoryisabattlenotfought.B.Conflictsareunavoidable,sotrytoacceptthem.C.Weakpeopleusuallydesireotherstoofferhelpandsupport.D.Letotherpeoplesolvetheirproblemswithoutyourpresence.E.Itishelpfultoputsomedistancebetweenyourselfandtheopponent.F.Whensomeonepushesyoutothelimit,trytoactkindlytowardsthisperson.G.Arguingcaneitherbreakyourfriendshiporaffectyourrelationshiptosomedegree.【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了几种有效避免冲突的建议1.G 根据空前一句“Itisnecessarytobereasonableandflexibleenoughtoavoidconflictsasmuchaspossibleandliveinpeacewithothers”可知,尽量避免冲突是十分有必要的;据此可以判断,空处承上启下,介绍冲突的严重危害,引出文章主题,故G项正确2.D 根据空后一句“Youshouldfocusonyourownlifeissues”可知,作者建议把注意力集中在自己的事情上;据此可以判断,空处建议“让其他人自己解决他们自己的问题”,故D项符合文意3.F 根据该段标题“Bekind”可知,该段主要阐述“和善待人”的建议,这与F项中的“trytoactkindlytowardsthisperson”照应,故F项符合文意4.A 根据空后一句“Thissayingisthelifemottoofanaturalbornpeacekeeper”可以判断,空处是调解人的一句格言A项意为“最伟大的胜利是一场没有战斗的斗争”,符合文意,故A项正确5.E 根据空前一句“Byallmeanstrytokeepyourselfawayfromstress”可知,这里作者建议要远离冲突,离开对手;据此可知E项符合文意
三、短文改错Iusuallygotoschoolbybike.AndthismorningIwentonfoot.Onthewaytoschool,Ihappentowitnessanaccident.Amiddleagedwomanwasknockeddownbyacarwhilecrossesthestreet.Seeingthatwashappeningonthescene,Imaderushforthewomantohelp.Onepasserbygotoutofhiscellphoneandcalledthepolice.Ihelpedtocarrythewomantosafeanddressherwound.Aroundtenminuteslateanambulancearrivedandtookhimtohospital.Icontinuedmywaytoschool,feelinghappilythatIcouldoffersomehelpintime.【答案】 Iusuallygotoschoolbybike.thismorningIwentonfoot.Onthewaytoschool,Itowitnessanaccident.Amiddleagedwomanwasknockeddownbyacarwhilethestreet.Seeingwashappeningonthescene,Imaderushforthewomantohelp.Onepasserbygotouthiscellphoneandcalledthepolice.Ihelpedtocarrythewomantoanddressherwound.Aroundtenminutes,anambulancearrivedandtooktohospital.Icontinuedmywaytoschool,feelingthatIcouldoffersomehelpintime.第一处And→But考查连词前后句之间是转折关系,故用But第二处happen→happened考查时态根据上文中的“Iwentonfoot”可知,此处描述的是发生在过去的事情,应该用一般过去时第三处crosses→crossing考查非谓语动词分析句子结构可知,cross与Amiddleagedwoman之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,故应用现在分词形式第四处that→what考查名词性从句这里指“看到现场发生的事情”此处在句中引导宾语从句,且在从句中作主语,表示“……的事情”,故用what第五处rush前加a考查冠词此处指作者冲向那位女士以提供帮助makearushfor“冲向,奔向”是固定搭配第六处删除out后的of考查固定搭配一位路人拿出他的手机并给警察打了电话get“取来,拿来”,是及物动词,其后可直接接宾语;out在此为副词而getoutofsth.意为“离开某地,摆脱,放弃”,显然不符合此处的语境故of多余第七处safe→safety考查名词此处充当介词的宾语,应该用名词形式safety“安全的地方”第八处late→later考查副词虽然late和later都可用作副词,但前者表示“迟,晚”,后者表示“后来,随后”根据句意可知,应将late改为later第九处him→her考查代词此处指的是救护车将那个受伤的女士带去了医院,故应用her第十处happily→happy考查形容词feel是系动词,其后应用形容词作表语
四、短文语法填空Womenarestartingtotakepowerinmoreandmoreimportantpositionsinrecentyears.__1__toanewlistmadebyAFPthe__2__world10mostpowerfulwomenwhomadetheirwayabovethe“glassceiling”,__3__includetheU.S.’firstfemalepresidentialnominee候选人HillaryClintonandDirectorGeneraloftheWorldHealthOrganizationMargaretChan.ThereissomethinginterestingwiththeAFPlist:Amajorityofthe10womenareover60theage__4__somewomenbeegrandmothers.Infactthismightbethebestproofofhowaging—afactorthathasalwaysbeenconsideredasan__5__advantage—hasbeguntoturnintoastrongpointforwomen.Thereasonsbehindthephenomenonmayincludethattoday’solderwomenare__6__welleducatedandmore__7__experiencethananygenerationsbefore.Itisalsobecauseofsociety’schangingopinionabout__8__womencanachieve—afterraisingkidsandrunningfamilylivesforyearsolderwomenarenowmorelikelytostartagaininsteadofretiringinto__9__peacefullifeofcookingandgardening.Infactthischangingatmosphereingenderequalityisspreadingallovertheworldandacrosswomen__10__allages.语篇解读由于社会不断变化的观念,女性不再像旧时那样带孩子和照顾家庭,而是越来越融入社会并有了一定的社会地位,甚至近几年出现像希拉里和陈冯富珍这样在政治上占有一席地位的女性1.According accordingto意为“根据”,为固定短语故填According2.world’s 定冠词the后修饰的中心词是名词women,设空处作定语,应用名词所有格,故填world’s3.include 分析句子结构可知,whomadetheirwayabovethe“glassceiling”为定语从句,主语women后缺谓语,陈述的是客观事实,故用一般现在时故填include4.when 设空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词theage,且在从句中作时间状语,故用关系副词when引导该定语从句5.disadvantage 句意实际上,对于女性来说,这可能是年龄——一个通常被认为是劣势的因素——如何变成优点的最好证明介词as及冠词an后的中心词应为名词单数形式,根据句意可知填disadvantage6.better 根据句中的than可知,此处应用比较级故填better7.experienced 根据空前的and可知设空处和educated为平行关系,在系动词are后用作表语,应用形容词,且修饰人,故填experienced8.what 介词about后接宾语从句,且从句中缺宾语,设空处表示“……的东西;……的事情”故填what9.a life在此表示“生活”,为可数名词,此处泛指“一种平静的生活”,因此,其前用不定冠词a10.of 名词ages前有限定词all,故设空处只能填介词,表示“……的”故填of。