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必修3 Unit2 Healthyeating
一、阅读理解AWildelephantscantellwhetheravoiceesfromamanawomanoraboyanewstudysays.ThatswhatresearchersfoundwhentheyplayedrecordingsofpeopleforelephantsinKenya.Scientistssaythisisanadvancedthinkingskillthatotheranimalshaventshown.Itletselephantsfigureoutwhoisathreatandwhoisnt.TheresultshowsthatthecleveranimalsarealsostudyingpeoplesaidstudyauthorKarenMcb.“Basicallytheyhavedevelopedthisveryrichknowledgeofthehumansthattheysharetheirhabitatwith,”saidMcbaprofessorattheUniversityofSussexinEngland.“MemoryisKey.Theymustbuildupthatknowledgesomehow.”ThestudywasreleasedonMondayintheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences.ItsclosetobutnotquiteliketheDr.SeussbookwheretheelephantHortonhearssomethingthatotherscanthear.McbandcolleagueswenttoAmboseliNationalParkinKenyawherehundredsofwildelephantsliveamonghumanssometimesinginconflictoverscarcewater.ThescientistsusedvoicerecordingsofMaasaimenwhoonoccasionkillelephantsandKambamenwhoarelessofathreattotheelephants.Asaresulttheelephantsreactedmoredefensively—retreatingandgatheringinabunch—totheMaasailanguagerecordingbecauseitwasassociatedwiththemorethreateninghumantribesaidstudycoauthorGraemeShannon.TheyrepeatedtheexperimentwithrecordingsofMaasaimenandwomen.Sincewomenalmostneverspearelephantstheanimalsreactedlessdefensivelytothewomensvoices.Thesamethinghappenedwhentheysubstitutedyoungboysvoices.“Makingthiskindoffinedistinctionsinhumanvoicepatternsisquiteremarkable,”saidEmoryUniversityanimalcognitionexpertFransdeWaalwhowasnotpartofthestudy.【文章大意】 研究表明野生大象能够识别男、女和男孩的声音,它们通过思维区分声音并判断谁能对他们产生威胁【难句分析】McbandcolleagueswenttoAmboseliNationalParkinKenyawherehundredsofwildelephantsliveamonghumanssometimesinginconflictoverscarcewater.倒数第三段第一句分析这是一个复合句where引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作地点状语;sometimesinginconflictoverscarcewater作伴随状语译文Mcb和同事去了位于肯尼亚的安博塞利国家公园,在那里有成百上千头野象与人类一起生活,他们有时因为水资源匮乏而发生冲突1.WhowerethepeopletakingpartinthestudyA.FransdeWaalandKarenMcb.B.Dr.SeussandGraemeShannon.C.GraemeShannonandFransdeWaal.D.KarenMcbandGraemeShannon.答案与解析D考查细节理解根据文章第一段中的“studyauthorKarenMcb”和第六段中的“studycoauthorGraemeShannon”可知,KarenMcb和GroemeShannon都参加了研究,故选D项2.WhatcanwildelephantsbenefitfromtheirspecialabilityA.Identifyingandavoidingpossibledanger.B.Growingmuchfasterthananyotheranimals.C.Havingabetterunderstandingofhumans.D.Developingtheirlanguageskills.答案与解析A考查推理判断根据文章第一段中的“Scientistssaythisisanadvancedthinkingskillthatotheranimalshaventshown.Itletselephantsfigureoutwhoisathreatandwhoisnt.”可知,这种高等的思维方式使野象能够分辨出谁能对他们造成威胁,这样它们可以避免可能的危险,故A项是正确的3.Whichcanreplacetheunderlinedword“substituted”inthelastparagraphA.Distinguished.B.Repeated.C.Used.D.pared.答案与解析C考查词义猜测画线词所在句中的“Thesamethinghappened”指的是前一句中的“theanimalsreactedlessdefensivelytothewomensvoices”,画线词所在句讲的是野象对年轻男孩的声音做出的反应,说明当时研究者在对野象播放年轻男孩的声音,选C项4.WhatdoesthepassagemainlytalkaboutA.Wildelephantscandistinguishhumanlanguages.B.Theconflictbetweenhumansandwildelephantsisgrowing.C.Wildelephantsuselanguageskillstomakediscrimination.D.Wildelephantscanbuildupgoodmemoryandlearntricks.答案与解析A考查主旨大意根据文章第一句“Wildelephantscantellwhetheravoiceesfromamanawomanoraboy”和全文内容可知,野象能够通过人的声音区分不同人类群体的性别和年龄,故选A项野象能够区分人类的语言BWinstonChurchillisprobablythemostpopularBritishprimeministerever.HavingservedasasoldierandpoliticianheisoftenconsideredamongthegreatestofBritons.WhilehisheroicstandagainsttheNazisiswellknowtherearestillafewfactsaboutthepopularpoliticianthatmightsurpriseyou.HisCigarsTheclassicimageofWinstonChurchillincludesagiantcigarstuckbetweenhislips.ChurchilldevelopedhisloveofcigarsasayoungmanwhenhetraveledtoCuba.Fortherestofhislifehesmokedeightorninecigarseveryday.Howeverhealmostnevertookapuff吸,抽preferringtochewontheenduntilitwentoutthenrelightitandstartagain.Topreventthecigarbeingsoggy湿软的Churchillinventedthe"bellybando"astripofbrownpaperwhichcouldbegluedaroundtheend.AtanygiventimeChurchillhad3000to4000cigarsinhishousemostlyhisfavoriteRomeoJulietbrand.OnoneoccasionthepresidentofCubapresentedChurchillwith2400top-qualitycigarsalthoughhissecurityteaminsistedonecigarfromeachboxbesentoffandtestedforpoison.PerhapsthestorythatbestshowshisloveofcigarsoccurredduringWorldWarIIwhenhehadaspecialoxygenmaskdesignedsothathecouldstillsmokehiscigaronahigh-altitudeflight.HisBlackDogThroughouthislifeChurchillprobablysufferedfromdepressionwhichhecalledhis"blackdog".Attimeshisdepressionwassoseverethathedidn’tlikestandingclosetoapassingtrainorlookingattheoceanfromashipbecausehefearedthathewouldmitsuicide.WhenhewasdepressedChurchillwouldalmostspendagreatdealoftimeinbedandlosehisabilitytoconcentrate.HoweverwhennotdepressedChurchillwasfullofenergyusuallyworkingandtalkinguntiltheearlyhoursofthemorning.Heoftendescribedhow"allthecolorsebackintothepicture".
1.WhydidChurchill’ssecurityteaminsistoncheckingthecigarsA.TotestiftheyweresafeforChurchill.B.Toseeiftheywereofthebestquality.C.TomakesuretheywereChurchill’sfavorite.D.Toguaranteetheywerenotoutofdate.
2.WhichofthefollowingbestshowsChurchill’sloveofcigarsA.Hefellinlovewithcigarsatayoungage.B.Hesmokedmanycigarseveryday.C.Heinventedthe"bellybando".D.Hehadanoxygenmaskspeciallydesignedforsmoking.
3.WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthelastparagraphmeanA.Churchillbecameenergeticagain.B.Churchillremaineddepressed.C.Churchilldrewcolorfulpictures.D.Churchilllikedtotalkaboutcolors.
4.WhatisprobablythebesttitleofthepassageA.AchievementsofChurchillB.AnecdotesaboutChurchillC.PersonalitiesofChurchillD.HobbiesofChurchill【文章大意】丘吉尔是英国最受欢迎的首相,文章介绍丘吉尔的一些奇闻轶事
1.A【解析】细节理解题根据文章第三段的句子"althoughhissecurityteaminsistedonecigarfromeachboxbesentoffandtestedforpoison."可知,丘吉尔的安全部队坚持要检查雪茄,为了检测是否它们对丘吉尔是安全的故选A
3.A【解析】推理判断题根据文章最后一段的句子"HoweverwhennotdepressedChurchillwasfullofenergyusuallyworkingandtalkinguntiltheearlyhoursofthemorning."可知,丘吉尔精力充沛的时候,经常工作和交谈直到凌晨下文是他对精力充沛的描写故选A
4.B【解析】标题判断题根据文章内容和第一段的句子"WhilehisheroicstandagainsttheNazisiswellknowtherearestillafewfactsaboutthepopularpoliticianthatmightsurpriseyou."可知,文章主要介绍丘吉尔的奇闻轶事故选B
二、七选五2018·云南省昆明市高三复习教学质量检测HowtoMakeaChineseHotPotEatingaChinesehotpotisaverymonexperience.Peoplegatheraroundthepotdippingtheirfoodwaitingforittocookmixingtheirownseasonings调味品andenjoyingeachotherspany.__1__Firstly,preparealargepotofsoup.Thereisnorightorwrongwaytoprepareasoupsofeelfreetomakeyourown.Asimplesoupcanbemadebyboilingwaterwiththeadditionofmeatbonesorfishheadsandamixtureofherbsseasoningsandvegetables.Thencutavarietyofmeatsandfishintothinslices.__2__Chooseanyfoodthatyouenjoy.SomemonchoicesforaChinesehotpotincludethinpiecesofbeefporklambandsoon.Youcanmakeyourhotpotusingthemoretraditionalmethodofusingthemeatsandseafoodthatarelocaltoyou.Meanwhileselectwashandpreparesomevegetables.__3__MushroomsofallkindsarealsomontoChinesehotpotpreparations.__4__Athomeasinglehotpotwouldworkwellupto8peopledependingonthesizeofthepot.Makesureeveryoneissittinginacircleandhaseasyaccesstoeverythingonthetable.Prepareaseparatesmalldishforeachguesttomixtheirseasonings.__5__A.Finallyarrangetheseatingreasonably.B.Nowestheturntoenjoyyourhotpot!C.Itwillguaranteethattheitemswillcookquicklyandfully.D.HerearesomeeasystepstomakeaChinesehotpotathome.E.Formorevariety,considerdumplings,ricecakesandtangyuan.F.Popularchoicesinclude cabbagepealeaveswintermelonandtomato.G.Itusuallylastsacoupleofhoursbecauseyouarecookingandeatinginsmallparts.【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文吃火锅在中国是常见的,本文介绍了做火锅的步骤1.答案与解析D根据该空位置并结合本文标题“HowtoMakeaChineseHotPot”可知,空处承上启下,引出下文对如何做火锅的叙述,故D项与此处匹配2.答案与解析C根据前一句中的“cutavarietyofmeatsandfishintothinslices”可知,要将各种肉和鱼切成薄片,据此可以判断,这样就能保证食物能很快煮熟,故C项正确3.答案与解析F根据前一句“Meanwhile,select,washandpreparesomevegetables”可知,同时要选择、清洗并准备一些蔬菜,据此可以判断,空处列举常见的用于火锅的蔬菜,故F项正确4.答案与解析A根据空处所在位置可知,空处为该段主题句;根据第
二、三段第一句中的“Firstly”、“Then”并结合该段内容可知,该段介绍做火锅的最后一步合理安排好座位,故A项正确5.答案与解析B根据空处所在的位置并结合语境可知,在火锅的各种准备工作完毕后,就应该开始享受了,故B项正确
三、短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同桌写的以下作文文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改增加在缺词处加一个漏字符号∧,并在其下面写出该加的词删除把多余的词用斜线\划掉修改在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词注意
1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2.只允许修改10处,多者从第11处起不计分2018·福州市高三毕业班适应性练习DearBen,Asgraduationisdrawnear,Idliketoexpressmysinceregratitudetoyouforyourkind.Inthelastthreeyears,youhadsharedmyjoysandsorrows,makingmyschoollifeunforgettable.IrememberverymuchthatyousentmetohospitalwhenIhadmyleftlegbreak.DuringthedayswhenIhadtostayinthebed,youfortedmeandhelpedmemylessons.Itisyourfriendshipwhichfillsmylifewithsunshine.IhopemyfriendshipwilllastforeverandIalsohopeallyourdreamswilletrulyinthefuture.Bestwishes!Yours,LiHua【答案】DearBen,Asgraduationisnear,Idliketoexpressmysinceregratitudetoyouforyour.Inthelastthreeyears,yousharedmyjoysandsorrows,makingmyschoollifeunforgettable.IrememberverythatyousentmetohospitalwhenIhadmyleftleg.DuringthedayswhenIhadtostayinbed,youfortedmeandhelpedmemylessons.Itisyourfriendshipfillsmylifewithsunshine.IhopefriendshipwilllastforeverandIalsohopeallyourdreamswilleinthefuture.Bestwishes!Yours,LiHua第一处draw改为drawing考查动词的时态句意随着毕业的临近,我想对你的善意表示由衷的感激根据语境可知,该处用现在进行时表示按即将发生的动作第二处kind改为kindness考查名词根据形容词性物主代词“your”可知,该处用名词形式第三处had改为have考查动词的时态根据该句的时间状语“Inthelastthreeyears”可知,此处表示动作从过去延续到现在并有可能延续下去,故用现在完成时句意在过去的三年时间里,你分享了我的快乐和忧伤,让我的学校生活令人难忘第四处much改为well考查副词句意我清楚地记得,当我的左腿受伤时,你将我送到医院由句意可知,该处表示“清楚地记得”,故将much改为well第五处break改为broken考查过去分词leg和动词break之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,所以用havesth.done结构,故用过去分词第六处删除the考查冠词inbed为固定用法,意为“卧病在床”,故删除the第七处在my前加with考查介词句意在我不得不卧病在床的那些天里,你安慰我并帮我补习功课helpsb.withlessons为固定搭配,意为“帮助某人补习功课”,故在my前加with第八处which改为that考查强调句型句意是你的友谊让我的生命充满了阳光分析该句结构可知,该句为强调句,被强调的部分是“yourfriendship”,故将which改为that知识储备强调句型的结构是Itiswas+被强调部分+thatwho+句子的其他成分被强调部分可以是主语,宾语,表语或状语强调的主语如果是人,可以由who代替that第九处my改为our考查代词句意我希望我们的友谊长存,我还希望你所有的梦想在将来都成为现实根据句意可知,该处表示“我们的友谊”,故应用our第十处truly改为true考查形容词etrue为固定搭配,意为“成为现实”,e在此处为系动词,后接形容词
四、语法填空2018·潍坊模拟Allthepartsofthehumanbodyworktogetheralthougheachonehasitsspecialparttodo.Thestomachmusthaveatime__1__restbetweenmeals.Theotherpartsofthebodyrequireresttoo.Thisthey__2__usualgetwhileweareasleep.Wemustnotfailtogivethemenoughrestortheywillsoonget__3__wearoutandgiveustrouble.Sometimeswhenpeoplearenotwell__4__tiredouttheyfindtheycannotsleepwell__5__night.Anumberoflittlethingscancontributetoagoodsleep.Ahotfootbath__6__drawsthebloodawayfromthebrainfrequentlywillbefound__7__benefit.Aglassofhotmilkorcocoa__8__takejustbeforegoingtobedoftenwillhavethesameeffect.Ifthesleeplessnessisaresultofindigestion消化不良aplaindietwillrelieve.Sleepinguponahardbedwithoutanypillowsometimes__9__producethedesiredeffect.Alwayshaveplentyoffreshairintheroom.Keepthemindfreefromthecaresoftheday.Nevertakeany__10__sleeptabletsexceptupontheadviceofaphysicianfortheyusuallycontaindrugsthatwillinjuretheheart.【文章大意】 本文是一篇科普类说明文人体的各个器官都需要良好的休息本文详细介绍了几条提高睡眠质量的方法1.答案与解析torest 考查非谓语动词句意为胃必须用两餐之间的间隔时间来休息haveatimetodosth.为固定搭配,意为“有时间去做某事”故填torest2.答案与解析usually 考查副词空格处修饰动词get,故用形容词usual的副词形式usually3.答案与解析worn 考查过去分词该句主语they指代第一段第三句中的“Theotherpartsofthebody”,和动词短语wearout之间是被动关系,故用被动语态,wear应用过去分词形式故填worn4.答案与解析or 考查连词根据语境可知,该句中的notwell和空格后的tiredout为选择关系,表示“或者”故填or5.答案与解析at 考查介词表示“在晚上”用固定短语atnight故填at6.答案与解析which 考查定语从句分析该句结构可知,空格处引导非限制性定语从句,指代先行词“Ahotfootbath”,并在从句中作主语,所以用which引导该定语从句故填which7.答案与解析beneficial 考查形容词该句中的found为感官动词,在该处用作系动词,后应接形容词作表语,意为“有利的,有益的”故填beneficial8.答案与解析taken 考查非谓语动词该句中的主语“Aglassofhotmilkorcocoa”和动词take之间为被动关系,故用其过去分词作状语故填taken9.答案与解析produces/willproduce 考查动词的时态句意为在硬床上不垫任何枕头睡觉有时会达到你想要的效果根据句意可知,该句陈述的是客观道理或预料将要发生的情况,故用一般现在时或一般将来时故填produces/willproduce10.答案与解析sleeping 考查名词sleepingtablet意为“安眠药片”,相当于sleepingpill,为固定用法故填sleeping【长难句分析】Allthepartsofthehumanbodyworktogetheralthougheachonehasitsspecialparttodo.第一段第一句分析该句为主从复合句,句中“althougheachonehasitsspecialparttodo”为although引导的让步状语从句译文人体的所有部位协同工作,尽管每个部位都有其特殊作用。