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选修6 Unit4 Globalwarming
一、阅读理解ASomepigstendtobeoptimisticwhileothersarepessimisticaccordingtoanewresearchthatismeaningfultoanimalwelfare.ThestudypublishedinthejournalBiologyLettersisthefirsttoshowthatmoodandpersonalityinteractinananimalinfluencingjudgment.AsheraresearcherattheUniversityofNewcastlesInstituteofNeuroscienceandherteamhousedgroupsofpigsintwotypesofenvironment.Onereflectedstandardmercialconditionsandtheotherwascushierwithmorespaceandplentyofsoftdeepstraw.Afterthepigsgotaccustomedtothesenewhomesoverafewweekstheresearcherspicked18pigsfromeachtypetotrainandtesttheirjudgment.“Todothiswetrainedeachpig.Inonecornerofatrainingroomtherewouldbeabowlwithchocolatesweets—pigslovethem—andattheoppositesideoftheroomtherewouldbeabowlcontainingcoffeebeanswhichpigsfindbittertasting,”aresearchersaid.Overanumberoftrainingtrialspigslearnedtogotothebowlreliablywhenitwasinthecornerwheretheyhadfiguredouttoexpectchocolatesweets.Onthecontrarytheyquicklylearnedtoavoidthebowlwhenitwasinthecornerwheretheywouldexpecttofindthecoffeebeans.Theresearchersnextplacedanunfamiliarbowlindifferentlocationstoseehowthepigswouldreact.Somegailydashedtothebowlnomatterwhatwasinsideshowingoptimismthatitwouldcontaintheirfavoritesweets.Othershoweverbehavedasthoughtheyexpectedittocontaincoffeebeansdisplayingpessimism.Thefindingssuggestthataonesizefitsallanswertoanimalwelfareissuesdoesnotexist.Evenifpigsarejustequaltobaconorothermeatforsomepeoplethereisstillcauseforconcern.Studieshavesuggestedthathowananimalistreatedduringitslifetimecandirectlyaffectmeatqualityandtaste.【文章大意】 本文是一篇研究报告,讲述情绪和性格在动物中的相互作用
1.WhatwasthestudytryingtofigureoutA.Howtomakepigshappier.B.Thesimilaritiesbetweenhumansandpigs.C.Howlivingenvironmentaffectedpigsmood.D.Howpigsmoodandpersonalityaffectedtheirjudgment.答案与解析D考查细节理解根据文章第一段第二句“ThestudypublishedinthejournalBiologyLettersisthefirsttoshowthatmoodandpersonalityinteractinananimalinfluencingjudgment.”可知,选项D的概括符合题意所以选项D正确
2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“cushier”inParagraph2meanA.Simple.B.Morefortable.C.Unpractical.D.Lessfree.答案与解析B考查词义猜测根据画线词后的“morespaceandplentyofsoftdeepstraw”可知,另一个环境很舒适所以选项B正确
3.WhichbowlcantestwhetherapigisoptimisticorpessimisticA.Thebowlwithchocolatesweets.B.Thebowlcontainingcoffeebeans.C.Thebowlfullofbothsweetsandbeans.D.Thebowlunfamiliartotwotypesofpigs.答案与解析D考查细节理解根据第五段第一句“Theresearchersnextplacedanunfamiliarbowlindifferentlocationstoseehowthepigswouldreact.”以及该段后两句的对比描述可知,D选项与第五段内容一致所以选项D正确
4.WhatdothefindingsofthenewresearchimplyA.Peopleshouldtreatpigsequally.B.Peopleshealthreliesonmeatquality.C.Peopleshouldmeetpigsvariousneeds.D.Peoplesattitudetowardpigsistotallywrong.答案与解析C考查推理判断根据最后一段尤其是最后一句可推知,要想获得高质量和口感好的猪肉,人们应当满足猪的多种需要所以选项C正确BItsgenerallybelievedthatpeopleactthewaytheydobecauseoftheirpersonalitiesandattitudes.Theyrecycletheirgarbagebecausetheycareabouttheenvironment.Theypay$5foracaramelbruléelattebecausetheylikeexpensivecoffeedrinks.Itsundeniablethatbehavioresfromourinnerdispositions性情butinmanyinstanceswealsodrawinferencesaboutwhoweareassuggestedbythesocialpsychologistDarylBembyobservingourownbehavior.Wecanbestrangerstoourselves.IfweknewourownmindswhywouldweneedtoguesswhatourpreferencesarefromourbehaviorIfourmindswereanopenbookwewouldknowexactlyhowmuchwecareabouttheenvironmentorlikelattes.Actuallyweoftenneedtolooktoourbehaviortofigureoutwhoweare.Moreoverwedontjustuseourbehaviortolearnaboutourparticulartypesofcharacter—weinfercharactersthatwerenttherebefore.Ourbehaviorisoftenshapedbylittlepressuresarounduswhichwefailtorecognize. Maybewerecyclebecauseourwivesandneighborswoulddisapproveifwedidnt. Maybewebuylattesinordertoimpressthepeoplearoundus.Weshouldnotmistakenlybelievethatwealwaysbehaveasaresultofsomeinnerdisposition.Whateverpressurestherecanbeorinferencesonecanmakepeoplebeewhattheydothoughitmaynotbeinpliance符合withtheirtruedesires.ThereforeweshouldallbearinmindKurtVonnegutsadvice:Wearewhatwepretendtobesowemustbecarefulaboutwhatwepretendtobe.
1.Accordingtothepassagepersonalitiesandattitudesaremonlybelievedto .A.determineonesbehaviorB.reflectonestasteC.influenceonessurroundingsD.resultfromoneshabits
2.WhichofthefollowingwouldDarylBemmostprobablyagreewithA.Thereturnofawalletcanindicateoneshonesty.B.Akindpersonwillofferhisseattotheold.C.Onerecyclesplasticstoprotecttheenvironment.D.Onebuyslatteoutoftrueloveofcoffee.
3.WhatcanbeinferredfromtheunderlinedsentenceinthepassageA.Wefailtorealizeourinnerdispositions.B.Wecanbeinfluencedbyoutsidepressures.C.Ourbehavioristheresultofourtruedesires.D.Ourcharacterscanshapeoursocialrelationships.
4.WhatdoestheauthormainlydiscussinthepassageA.Personalitiesandattitudes.B.Preferencesandhabits.C.Behaviorandpersonalities.D.Attitudesandpreferences.【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文观其行知其人,那么行为又是由什么来决定的呢
1.A【解析】考查细节理解根据文章第一段的第一句话可知答案人们通常认为性格和态度决定一个人的行为故选A
3.B【解析】考查推理判断画线部分实际上是一个例子,例子前面往往是观点因此根据画线部分前一句可知答案我们有时候会受到外界压力的影响故选B
4.C【解析】考查主旨大意全文主要阐述的是人的行为和性格的关系,所以选择C项
二、七选五2018·沈阳市下学期高三第二次模拟Mostpeoplewouldneverevenconsiderquittingwithouthavinganotherjoblinedupandevenfewerwouldremendit.__1__Andsomeonedeartomeisalsogoingtoquit.Itsdefinitelynotasolutionforeveryone.Butitisanoptionthatrequiresalotofstrengthdeterminationandpreparation.Threethingsyoumusthavebeforebeingdeliberatelyunemployed※Asolidsupportsystem.Surroundyourselfwithpeoplewhowillencourageyouandacceptyourdecisioneveniftheydontagreewithit100percent.__2__.Yourealreadyscaredenough.Alsoyoushouldknowwhonottotell.Noteveryoneneedstoknoweverydetailaboutyourlifeespeciallyifyouknowyoullreceivealotofnegativements.※Money.__3__.Youneedenoughmoneytosupportyouintwotothreemonthsoflifeorawaytoearnmoneyonaparttimeorcontractbasis.※Confidence.Youneedtoknow—andImean,reallybelieve—thatyouregoingtomakegreatachievements.Chancesarethatyouwillexperienceemotionalupsanddownsonceyouredeliberatelyunemployed.__4__Atthesametimeanxietyandfearwillappear.Trustandconstantlyremindyourselfthatyouhavedonetherightthingandthatyouwillbeokayandhappierthanever.__5__A.ButIquitandmybestfrienddidtoo.B.Theyshouldbehonestwithyoubutnotinatryingtoscareyoukindofway.C.Theriskisworththereward.D.Quittingneedsgreatcourage.E.Doubtwillgraduallydestroyyourselfconfidence.F.Atthistimeconfidenceisofvitalimportance.G.Thisiswhenyouremergencyfundesinhandy.【文章大意】本文是说明文,主要说明决定辞职前有三件事是你必须做好的1.答案与解析A 该空前面讲的是大多数人在没有找到下一份工作时决不考虑辞职,更少人会建议别人还没有找到下一份工作就辞职,该空后面讲的是“我”珍视的某人也正打算辞职,由句意可见前后是转折关系,A项中的“But”一词表明转折,且A项表示具体的人的辞职,与空后句子一致,符合语境所以选A项2.答案与解析B 根据空前的“Surroundyourselfwith...eveniftheydontagreewithit100percent”以及下文的“Alsoyoushouldknowwhonottotell”可知,选B项,B项中的“They”和空前的“they”一样,都是指代空前的“peoplewhowillencourageyouandacceptyourdecision”3.答案与解析G 根据空前的“Money”和本段整体内容可知,空处与money有关,只有G项与money有关,表示“此时就是你的应急基金派上用场的时候了”,故选G4.答案与解析E 根据该段主题“Confidence”和前后句可知,空处讲的应是辞职给心理带来的负面影响,空后的“Atthesametimeanxietyandfearwillappear”也是暗示,所以选E项“怀疑会逐渐毁掉你的自信”5.答案与解析C 空处位于该段的最后,是总结句,空处前一句讲的是“你要相信自己,不断提醒自己,你做了正确的事,你会好起来的,甚至比以前更快乐”,C项符合语境,所以选C项
三、短文改错2018·西宁三校检测SinceIamalittlechildIhavebeendreamingofbeingateacher.Inmyeyesteachersnotonlyhelpstudentsacquireknowledgesbutguidethemonhowtobearealman.ThisishowIwanttobeateacher.WhenIbeeateacherinthefutureandIwillpreparemylessonswellandmakemyclasseslivelyandinterested.BesidesIwillbestrictinmystudentsandlovemeverymuch.Iwilltreatthemkind.Inthiswaytheywillenjoylearnatschool.InwordifIcanbeeateacherIwilltrymybesttobeagoodteacher.答案SinceIalittlechildIhavebeendreamingofbeingateacher.Inmyeyesteachersnotonlyhelpstudentsacquirebutguidethemonhowtobearealman.ThisisIwanttobeateacher.WhenIbeeateacherinthefutureIwillpreparemylessonswellandmakemyclasseslivelyand.BesidesIwillbestrictmystudentsandloveverymuch.Iwilltreatthem.Inthiswaytheywillenjoyatschool.InwordifIcanbeeateacherIwilltrymybesttobeagoodteacher.
四、语法填空Scientistshavediscoveredthat__1__stayinthecoldcouldhelpusloseweight.ResearchersattheUniversityofCaliforniafoundthatexposuretothecoldincreaseslevelsofaproteinthathelpsformbrownfat—thetypeoffatthatproducesheatandkeepsuswarm.Brownfatburnsenergy__2__helpsusloseweight.Whitefatstoresextraenergywhichresults__3__weightgain.Theresearcherssaidthatbecauseairconditioningandheatinggiveusconstant__4__forttemperaturesourbody’sneedforbrownfathasdecreased.Theyfoundthat:“OutdoorworkersinnorthernFinlandwho__5__exposetocoldtemperaturehaveasignificantamountofbrownfatwhen__6__paretosameagedindoorworkers.”Theresearchwasconductedontwodifferentcontrolgroupsofmice.__7__groupwasinjectedwiththeproteinthathelpscreatebrownfat.Thisgrouplatergained30%lessweightafterbothgroupswerefedhighfatdiets.Theresearcherssaythiscouldbegoodnewsinthefightagainstobesity.Peoplewhoareobesehave__8__lowlevelsofbrownfatthanthinnerpeople.HeadresearcherHeiSookSulsaid“Thisproteincouldbeeanimportanttargetforresearchintothetreatmentand__9__preventofobesityandobesityrelateddiseases.”Sheadded“Ifyoucansomehowincreaselevelsofthisproteinyoucould__10__possiblelosemoreweightevenifeatingthesameamountoffood.”语篇解读要美丽,先“冻”人——美国研究人员发现,适度寒冷有助于减肥这项发现对研究治疗和阻止肥胖症及相关疾病有重要意义1.staying 空格处在that引导的宾语从句中作主语,所以要用动名词形式,故填staying2.which 分析句子结构可知,空格处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为前面一整句话,故用which引导该定语从句3.in resultin为固定短语,意为“造成,导致”4.fortable 空格处同constant并列,修饰名词temperatures,故用形容词形式,因此填fortable,意为“使人舒服的,感到舒服的”5.areexposed expose...to...为固定短语,意为“使……暴露于……”当该结构中的宾语提前作主语时,要用被动形式beexposedto;此处be的形式应与前面的主语workers一致,且本文主体时态为一般现在时,故填areexposed6.pared 此处是when引导的时间状语从句的省略形式,pare与其逻辑主语outdoorworkers之间为逻辑上的动宾关系,故用过去分词形式完整的从句为whentheyareparedto...7.One 根据语境可知,有一组老鼠被注射了促进褐色脂肪生长的蛋白质此处表示“……其中之一”,故填One8.lower than是比较级的标志词,故填lower9.prevention 空格处与treatment并列,且前有定冠词the限定,后有介词of,所以要用prevent的名词形式,故填prevention10.possibly 空格处修饰动词lose,要用副词,故填possibly。