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2019高考英语一轮阅读理解巩固练
(1)AIfyouwanttoslowagingyoumightwanttoeatless.Thisfindingisgoodnews---ifyouwereamouse.Theresearchersstudiedmicenotpeople.JohnPriceandotherresearchersstudiedtwogroupsofmice.Onegroupwasabletoeatasmuchasitwanted.Theresearcherslimitedwhatthemiceintheothergroupate.Theirdiethad35percentfewercaloriesthanthefirstgroupofmice.Pricesaysthemicewiththedietrestrictionswere“moreenergeticandsufferedfewerdisease.”Theywerenotjustlivinglongerbutseemedtostayyoungerforalongerperiodoftime.Theresearchersfoundthatfewercaloriesslowdownanaturalmechanismincellscalledribosomes.Priceexplainsthatribosomesareresponsibleformakingimportantproteinsinthecells.Butwithfewercaloriestheyslowdown.Thisgivesthecellsmoretimetorepairthemselves.Theresearcherssayribosomesusefrom10to20percentofthecell’senergytomakethoseproteins.Pricewrotethat“becauseofthisitisimpracticaltodestroyanentireribosome”whenitstartstobreakdown.However“repairingindividualpartsoftheribosomeonaregularbasisenablesribosomestocontinueproducinghighqualityproteinsforlongerthantheywouldotherwise.Thistopqualityproductioninturnkeepscellsandtheentirebodyfunctioningwell.”Pricesaid“ribosomeisaveryplexmachinelikeacar.”Theyneed“maintenancetoreplacethepartsthatwearoutthefastest.Whentireswearout”heexplained“youdon’tthrowthewholecarawayandbuyanewone.Itcostslesstoreplacetheoldtires.”“Food”hesaid“isn’tjustmaterialtobeburned---it’sasignalthattellsourbodyandcellshowtorespond.”Pricesaidthefindingshelptoexplainhowexactlyourbodiesage.Andthismay“helpusmakemoreeducateddecisionsaboutwhatweeat.”
1.WhatcanweknowaboutthemicewithlimitedcaloriesfromthestudyA.TheycankeephealthyeasilyB.TheyneedmoreenergytobeactiveC.TheycanlookyoungerthantheyareD.Theywilllivealongerlifelikehumans
2.WhatwillhappentoribosomesiftherearefewercaloriesA.TheywillpletelybreakdownB.TheymakeproteinsinthecellsslowlyC.TheywillproducehighqualityproteinsmoreD.Theymayneedmoretimetorepairthemselves
3.Priceexplainedtheribosomes’roleofrepairingthemselvesby_________.A.tellingastoryB.listingbasicdataC.makingparisonsD.experimentingonmice
4.WhatdoesthetextmainlydealwithA.FooddecideshowlongyouliveB.CanyouslowdownyouragingprocessC.EatinglessmayhelpyoulivelongerD.Shouldyourdietbereducedforyourhealth【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文通过研究实验发现吃的少会使你长寿
1.A【解析】细节理解题根据第二段中Theresearcherslimitedwhatthemiceintheothergroupate.Theirdiethad35percentfewercaloriesthanthefirstgroupofmice.的提示可知他们能够很容易保持健康,故选A
2.B【解析】细节理解题根据第四段中Theresearchersfoundthatfewercaloriesslowdownanaturalmechanismincellscalledribosomes.的提示可知它们会在细胞中缓慢地产生蛋白质,故选B
4.C【解析】主旨大意题根据第一段首句Ifyouwanttoslowagingyoumightwanttoeatless.Thisfindingisgoodnews的提示可知这片名文章的主旨是吃的少会使你长寿,故选CB2015·南宁第二次适应性测试LSESummerSchoollocatedintheheartofLondonisthelargestuniversitysummerschoolinEurope.Ourcoursesaresuitableforthosewhoareatorareabouttostartuniversity.OurschoolwillbeginacceptingapplicationsinMarch
2017.CoursesAccounting,Finance,Law,Economics,BusinessandInternationalRelations.DatesSessionOne:626July;SessionTwo:27July14August._RatesThestudentrateThestandardrateOneSession£1775£2500BothSession£2975£4250•Thestudentrateappliestoallfulltimestudentswhoarestudyingatauniversityorcollegeanywhereintheworld.•Acmodationisnotincluded.•Inadditiona£50applicationfeemustbepaidwhensubmittingyourapplication._Applicant_requirementsIfyouhavestudiedintheUKyoudon’tneedanyadditionalEnglishqualifications.Studentsfromothercountrieswillgenerallynotrequireavisatostudyatourschool.HoweveryouwillentertheUKasa“StudentVisitor”.Coursechangesarepermittedbeforethestartoftheprogrammeandwithinthreedaysofthesession._Contact_hours_and_teaching_methodsLSESummerSchoolcoursesarefulltimeandnormallyconsistof48hoursoverthethreeweekperiodtakingtheformof36hoursoflecturesand12hoursofclasses.Lecturesattendedbyallstudentstakeplaceineitherthemorningorafternoonsupplementedbysmallonehourclassesofapproximately15students._Assessment_and_examinationsAssessmentforLSESummerSchoolisbasedontheresultsofeithertwowrittenexaminations,orafinalwrittenexaminationandassessedwork.Examinationsarerequiredandnoexceptioncanbemadeforanyreason.Successfulstudentsareawardedacertificateandtranscript.Ifyouhaveanyquestionspleaseclickheretoseeourfrequentlyaskedquestionsorcontactus.【解题导语】 本文对LSE暑期学校的课程、费用、申请要求等方面进行了介绍,以吸引更多的学生前来学习
1.Youwillprobablyfindthepassage________.A.inamagazineB.inanewspaperC.inatextbookD.onawebsite解析选D推理判断题根据文章的最后一段“Ifyouhaveanyquestions,pleaseclickheretoseeourfrequentlyaskedquestionsorcontactus.”可知,此文可以在网站上看到,即D项正确2.AccordingtothetextJackafulltimestudentinLondonwillatleastpay________forhisonesessionprogrammeinLSESummerSchool.A.£1775B.£1825C.£2500D.£2550解析选B数字计算题根据表格可知一个学期的学费至少为1775英镑,又根据下文的“Inaddition,a£50applicationfeemustbepaidwhensubmittingyourapplication.”可知,杰克至少要花费1825英镑,即B项正确
3.Fromthetextwelearnthat________.A.studentsmayhavelecturesatnightattimesB.thetwoprogrammesareonlydesignedforforeignstudents C.studentswhohavepassedtherequiredexaminationswillgetacertificateD.avisaandfluentspokenEnglisharerequiredtostudyinLSESummerSchool解析选C细节理解题根据Assessment_and_examinations下的“Examinationsarerequiredandnoexceptioncanbemadeforanyreason.Successfulstudentsareawardedacertificateandtranscript.”可知,通过考试的学生可以拿到证书,即C项正确
4.ForwhatpurposeisthetextwrittenA.AttractingstudentstoattendtheprogrammesinLSESummerSchool.B.IntroducingsomefamousteachersandcoursesinLSESummerSchool.C.GettingstudentstoknowmoreabouttheprogrammesintheUK.D.OfferingsomecheapercoursesforstudentsfromtheUK.解析选A写作意图题综合全文可知,本文旨在吸引学生参加LSE暑期学校的项目,即A项正确CItisatalltalethatterrifiesmostyoungchildren.Swallowapieceofchewinggumanditwillremaininyourbodyforsevenyearsbeforeitisdigested.Anevenworsetaleisthatswallowedgumcanwrapitselfaroundyourheart.ButwhatdoeshappenifyoushouldaccidentallyeatastickofgumChewinggumismadeoutofgumbasesweetenerscoloringandflavoring.Thegumbaseisprettyindigestible—itisamixtureofdifferentingredients成分thatourbodycantabsorb.Mostofthetimeyourstomachreallycannotbreakdownthegumthewayitwouldbreakdownotherfoods.Howeveryourdigestivesystemhasanotherwaytodealwiththingsyouswallow.Afterallweeatlotsofthingsthatweareunabletofullydigest.Theykeepmovingalonguntiltheymakeitallthewaythroughthegut肠子andeoutattheotherendoneortwodayslater.Thesaliva唾液inourmouthswillmakeanattemptatdigestingchewinggumassoonasweputitinourmouths.Itmightgetthroughtheshellbutmanyofgumsbaseingredientsareindigestible.Itsthendowntoourstomachmuscles—whichcontractandrelaxmuchlikethewayanearthwormmoves—toslowlyforcethethingsthatweswallowthroughoursystems.Swallowingahugepieceofgumorswallowingmanysmallpiecesofguminashorttimecancauseablockagewithinthedigestivesystemmostofteninchildrenwhohaveathinnerdigestivetubethanadults—butthisisextremelyrare.文章大意本文为一篇科普类说明文误食口香糖是不是像大人吓小孩子那样可怕呢?本文对此进行了分析1.Childrenmightfeelterrifiedafterswallowingchewinggummainlybecause________.A.theybelievethetalltalesaboutchewinggumB.chewinggumwillstayintheirbodyforyearsC.theirheartwillbewrappedbychewinggumD.chewinggumisindigestibleforchildren答案A 细节理解题根据文章第一段第一句“Itisatalltalethatterrifiesmostyoungchildren.”以及对第
二、三句话的理解可知,答案A符合文义B、C两项只是分别说明了talltale的内容,故排除2.WhathappenstothefoodthatcantbefullybrokendownA.Itremainsinourdigestivesystemforever.B.Itwillbeeventuallymovedoutofourbody.C.Itwillfightagainstthepowerofthegut.D.Itwillsticktothegutforoneortwodays.答案B 细节理解题根据文章第三段最后两句“Afterallweeatlotsofthingsthatweareunabletofullydigest.Theykeepmoving...eoutattheotherendoneortwodayslater.”可知,答案B符合文义3.ThewordItinthe4thparagraphrefersto________.A.TheattemptB.ThesalviaC.TheshellD.Thegumbase答案B 指代判断题根据对文章第四段前两句的理解可知,此处的It是指第四段第一句中的Thesaliva唾液,故答案B符合文义4.WhatwouldbethebesttitlefortextA.HowdoesourdigestivesystemworkB.CanchewinggumbeswallowedbykidsC.DoesswallowingchewinggummatterD.Whyswallowingchewinggumfrightenskids答案C 标题概括题文章第一段由一个使小孩子害怕的说法导入话题,下文是对口香糖进入肚子后会怎样的一个科学解释,由此可推知,选项C“误食口香糖要紧吗”最适合作为文章标题D2016·西宁三校联考Indiaisacountrywith
1.2billionpeople,ofwhich30%stillliveinpoverty,and56%oftheworkforceisengagedinagricultureeventhoughitcontributesonly18%ofGDP.ReformingIndia’seconomywillthereforerequiremorethanjusttherelaxationofbusinessregulations;itwillrequireamassivereallocationoflaborandtheretrainingoffarmworkersforotherprofessionsthroughbettereducationandvocationaltraining.Inaddition,only29%ofwomeninIndiaareintheworkforceeventhoughtheymakeup50%ofthepopulation,whichrepresentsthesevereunderuseofavaluableresource,andabarriertoprogress.ThegovernmentwithModiasthePremierwillhavetocreateabasicconstructiontocorrecttheproblemoftheseinefficiencies.ItisalsoimportanttonotethatthereorganizationofIndia’slaborforcewilltakeyears,ifnotdecades,toproduceresultsfortheeconomy.Allthiscanpushreturnsdownforinvestorsintheshortandmediumterm.AnothermajorchallengeforIndia’sfreemarketexperimentwillbethefoundationofBJP人民党,whichhasitsrootsinreligion.Freemarketeconomicscan’tworkproperlywithoutatrulyfreesociety,andtheconservativesocialandpoliticalphilosophies思想体系ofModi’spartycouldpreventthatfromhappening.TheruralbaseoftheBJPalsocreatesanotherriskfortheagendaofthegovernment.WhileIndia’spoorpeoplewillcertainlybenefitfromeconomicreform,theyarealsotheeasiesttobeexploitedbysomecorporationsandmayrequirestatesponsoredwelfareforexistence.ThiscreatesanobviouscontradictionforthegovernmentandarealfreemarketinIndia.Toliftthecountryeconomically,capitalistprinciplesmustbeacceptedpletely,butwithoutstatecontrol,India’spoorandmiddleclassmaybeleftbehind.【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了印度的政治环境以及目前所面临的经济改革问题1.TochangeIndia’seconomymoreeffectively,________.A.businessregulationsshouldberestrictedB.farmworkersdeserveretrainingandreallocatingC.morepeopleshouldbeengagedinagricultureD.womenmakeup50%oftheworkforce解析选B细节理解题根据文章第一段的“itwillrequireamassivereallocationoflaborandtheretrainingoffarmworkers”可知,需要重新分配劳动力和重新培训农民工,即B项正确2.Freemarketeconomicscanfunctionwellwith________.A.traditionalsocialstructuresB.asocietyfulloflibertyC.conservativepoliticalphilosophiesD.thebasicpolicyofBJP解析选B细节理解题根据文章第三段的“Freemarketeconomicscan’tworkproperlywithoutatrulyfreesociety”可知,自由市场经济能够正常运转需要一个真正自由的社会,即B项正确3.Underthecontrolofthegovernment,________willbenefitfromtheeconomicreform.A.bothmerceandindustryB.bothstatefactoriesandlocalfirmsC.bothmiddleclasspeopleandpoorpeopleD.bothurbanandruralareas解析选C细节理解题根据文章最后一段的“WhileIndia’spoorpeoplewillcertainlybenefitfromeconomicreform”和“butwithoutstatecontrol,India’spoorandmiddleclassmaybeleftbehind”可知,经济改革将使中产阶级的人和穷人都受益,即C项正确4.ThetoneoftheauthortowardsIndia’seconomicreformis________.A.favorable B.disapprovingC.optimisticD.doubtful解析选D推理判断题根据文章的第三段和第四段的“TheruralbaseoftheBJPalsocreatesanotherriskfortheagendaofthegovernment.”可知,印度的经济改革挑战巨大、困难重重,作者对其持怀疑态度,即D项正确EChina’sadmirationofoutstandingscholarshasturnedthewell-preservedchildhoodhomeofTuYouyoutheChinesepharmacologist药理学家whowonthe2015year’sNobelPrizeinPhysiology生理学intoapopulartouristdestination.SinceitwasannouncedthatTuhadbeethefirstChinesecitizentowinthisinternationalprizeherformerhomeintheoldtownofNingboZhejiangProvincehasattractedvisitorsespeciallyparentsandtheirchildreneventhoughitisnotopentothepublic.ThehousewhereTuliveduntilshewenttouniversityinBeijingcoversanareaof2200squaremetersandispricedat150millionyuan$
23.6million.Itispartofaplexof37traditionalbuildingsincludingseveralcity-and-district-levelculturalrelicpreservationsitesthathavebeentransformedintoahigh-endartandmercialzone.“TherearecontinuallyparentstakingtheirchildrenfrominfantsinstrollerstocollegestudentstotakephotosinfrontofTu’sformerhome.Securityguardshavebeenorderedtogoonpatrolaroundtheclock”saidMrZhaoasalespersonfromNingboRealEstateInc.Co.ShanghairesidentXuLingfeiwhowasonatriptoNingbotookher9-year-oldsontowalkaroundtheplex.“Chinesepeoplebelieveinexamsandawardsandhaveastrongpreferenceforhighperformers.Takingchildrentovisittheformerdwellingplacesofcelebrities名人isawaytoinspirethemtostudyharder”Xusaid.SomethingsimilarhappenedafterMoYanwontheNobelPrizeinliteraturein
2012.TouristsstartedvisitingMo’sformerhomeinruralGaomiShandongProvinceinanendlessstreamstartingthedayafterhewontheprize.Someevenpulledtheradishesplantedinfrontofthehouseandcarriedawaysomebricks.
1.TuYouyou’sformerhouseisnowpopularmainlybecause . A.TuwontheNobelPrizeB.ithassomeculturalrelicsC.itcoversalargeareaD.itisagreatartandmercialzone答案:A解析:细节理解题根据文章第二段“SinceitwasannouncedthatTuhadbeethefirstChinesecitizentowinthisinternationalprizeherformerhomeintheoldtownofNingboZhejiangProvincehasattractedvisitorsespeciallyparentsandtheirchildreneventhoughitisnotopentothepublic.”可知屠呦呦的故居现在受欢迎主要是因为屠呦呦获得诺贝尔奖故选A项
2.WhydidXuLingfeitakehersontovisitTu’sformerhomeA.SheadmiredTuverymuch.B.Sheplannedtobuythehouse.C.Sheintendedtotakephotosthere.D.Shewantedhersontobeinspired.答案:D解析:细节理解题根据文章倒数第二段的句子“‘Chinesepeoplebelieveinexamsandawardsandhaveastrongpreferenceforhighperformers.Takingchildrentovisittheformerdwellingplacesofcelebritiesisawaytoinspirethemtostudyharder’Xusaid.”可知她带儿子去参观屠呦呦故居是想激励儿子故选D项
3.WhereisMoYan’sformerhomelocatedA.Shanghai.B.Gaomi.C.Ningbo.D.Beijing.答案:B解析:细节理解题根据最后一段中的“TouristsstartedvisitingMo’sformerhomeinruralGaomiShandongProvince...”可知莫言的故居是在高密故选B项
4.WhatisthemainideaofthetextA.TuYouyou’sformerhomeisforsale.B.MoreChinesehavewontheNobelPrize.C.Nobelwinner’shomebeesaninstantattraction.D.ChildrenbenefitfromvisitingNobelwinner’shome.答案:C解析:主旨大意题根据文章内容尤其是第一段“China’sadmirationofoutstandingscholarshasturnedthewell-preservedchildhoodhomeofTuYouyoutheChinesepharmacologistwhowonthe2015year’sNobelPrizeinPhysiologyintoapopulartouristdestination.”可知文章的主要观点是诺贝尔奖获得者的故居立刻成为旅游景点故选C项。