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(12)阅读理解词义猜测四
1、WhatisitthatmakespeoplelaughMorethantwothousandyearsagotheancientGreekphilosopherAristotledefined定义jokesasthepleasurethatresultsfromafeelingoftriumph胜利byshowingwerebetterthansomeoneelseinacertainway.AccordingtoAristotleandmanyotherphilosophersalljokesdependmainlyonshowinginferiorityinanotherpersonorgroupofpersons—thatisputtingitclearlyonshowingthattheyareworseoffthanourselves.Jokesraiseourgoodopinionofourselvesatsomeoneelsesexpense. Showinghowmuchbetterthanotherpeopleweareisonlyonereasonwelikejokes.Someonemayalsouseajoketoexpresstheirangerortheircrueltyoranyotherkindofactionthatisnotacceptabletous.Wefeelfreetolaughwhenwehearaboutsomeoneslidingonabananaskin.Thejokeletsusexpressthoseattitudeswhichareusuallyunacceptabletosociety.Thisisprobablythereasonwhysomeofthejokesespeciallythoseinvolvingcrueltyaresopopularwithcertainpeople. Besidesalljokesdependonourenjoymentoflaughingatsomethingthatisstrangeandoutofplacebecauseitsdifferentfromthingswhicharehappeningaroundit.Thesamesituationcanbeeithersadorpleasantdependingentirelyonhowstrangeandoutofplaceitis.Ifagirlinabathingsuitfallsintoaswimmingpoolwedontlaughbecausenothingunusualhashappened.Butifamaninasmartsuitfallsinthesituationisatonceunusualinapleasantwayandwelaugh.Agoodjoke-tellerwillalwaystrytobuildupasituationinwhichonethingisexpecteduntilsomethingunexpectedsuddenlyhappensandsowelaugh.
1.AccordingtoAristotlealljokesdependmainlyon________.A.showinginferiorityinanotherpersonorgroupB.resultinginasenseofsuccessC.havingagoodopinionofotherpeopleD.makingpeoplelaughunexpectedly
2.Theunderlinedword“inferiority”inParagraph1means________.A.somethingthatisnotasgoodassomethingelseB.somethingthatisbetterthansomethingelseC.someonethatisnotasgoodassomeoneelseD.someonethatisbetterthansomeoneelse
3.WhatsthemainideaofParagraph2A.Showingwearebetterthanotherpeopleistheonlyonereasonwelikejokes.B.Whenpeopleareangrytheywouldliketohearjokes.C.Peoplewholikejokesareusuallycruel.D.Toexpressthoseattitudesusuallyunacceptabletosocietyisoneofthereasonswelikejokes.
4.Whatwillagoodjoketelleralwaystrytodo
2、 AnelephantinaSouthKoreanzooisusinghistrunktopickupnotonlyfoodbutalsohumanvocabulary. AninternationalteamofscientistsconfirmedonFridaywhatEverlandZoohasbeensayingforyears:Their
5.5-tontuskerKoshikhasanunusualandpossiblyunprecedentedtalent. The22-year-oldAsianelephantcanreproducefiveKoreanwordsbytuckinghistrunkinsidehismouthtomodulatesoundthescientistssaidinajointpaperpublishedonlineinCurrentBiology.Theysaidhemayhavestartedimitatinghumanspeechbecausehewaslonely. Koshikcanreproduce“annyeong”hello“anja”sitdown“aniya’’no“nuwo’’liedownand‘‘joagoodthepapersays. OneoftheresearcherssaidthereisnoconclusiveevidencethatKoshikunderstandsthesoundshemakesalthoughtheelephantdoesrespondtowordslikeanja. ResearcherssaidtheclearestscientificevidencethatKoshikisdeliberatelyimitatinghumanspeechisthatthesoundfrequencyofhiswordsmatchesthatofhistrainers. Vocalimitationofotherspecieshasbeenfoundinmockingbirdsparrotsandmynahs.ButthepapersaysKoshik’scaserepresents“awhollynovelmethodofvocalproductionbecauseheuseshistrunktoreproducehumanspeech. ResearchersbelieveKoshik learnedtoreproducewordsoutofa desiretobondwithhistrainersafter hewasseparatedfromtwoother elephantsatage
5. Koshikemergedasastar amonganimalenthusiastsandchildreninSouthKoreaafterEverlandZooclaimedin2006thathecouldimitatewordstwoyearsafterhistrainersnoticedthephenomenon.HisgrowingreputationpromptedAustrianbiologistAngelaStoeger-HorwathandGermanbiophysicistDanielMietchentostudyhimin2010zooofficialssaid. KimJong-gabKoshik’schieftrainersaidtheelephantwastimidforamalewhenhefirstcametoEverlandZoosotrainersoftensleptinthesameareawithhim.KimthinksthatcontacthelpedKoshikfeelclosertohumans. KimsaidhehasanotherexpressionhewantstoteachKoshik:“Saranghae”or“Iloveyou.
1.AccordingtothepassagewhatisthepossiblereasonwhyKoshikimitateshumanspeechA.Hefeelsverylonely.B.Heearnsmoneyforhiszoo.C.Hehasagiftforspeech.D.Hewantstomakehistrainerhappy.
2.KoshikcanreproducethefollowingwordsEXCEPT _______.A.annyeongB.nuwoC.SaranghaeD.joa
3.Fromthepassagewecanknowthat ________.A.Koshikbegantoimitatehumanspeechin2006B.Koshikisa22-year-oldAsianfemaleelephantC.KimJong-gabisthemanagerofEverlandZooD.KoshikisastarinanimalenthusiastsandkidsinSouthKorea
4.Theunderlinedword“promptedinthepassageprobablymeans _______.A.causedB.expandedC.developedD.changed
3、DearAlcohol Youvebeenaroundforever.Icanrememberallthepainyouvecausedforme. DoyourememberthenightwhenyoualmosttookmyfatherslifeIdo.Helovesyou.SometimesIthinkhelovesyoumorethanhelovesme.Hesaddictedtoyoutothewayyoupromisetoridhimofhisproblemsonlytocausemoreofthem.Youjustsatbackandlaughedashiscarwentspinningthroughthestreetcrashingintotwoothercars.Hewasnttheonlyonehurtbyyouthatnight. DoyourememberthenightofmyfirsthighschoolpartyYouwerethere.Myfriendswereintriguedbyyou.Theytreatedyouasiftheywerenevergoingtoseeyouagaindrinkingallofyouthattheycould.Ispenttwohoursthatnighthelpingmyfriendswhohadfallenpletely.“Imsoembarrassed”theysaidasIpattedthemonthebacksothattheycouldvomit呕吐.“Imsorry”theysaidwhenIcalledtaxiesforthemwalkingthemoutandpayingthedriversinadvance.“Thiswonthappenagain”theysaidastheyweresenttothehospitaltohavetheirstomachspumped.Two15-year-oldgirlssleptinhospitalbedsthatnightthankstoyou. Doyourememberthenightwhenyoutookadvantageofmy17-year-oldneighborwhohadtodrivetopickuphissisterfromherdancelessonsDoyouknowhowweallfeltwhenhehitanothercarandkilledthetwopeopleintheothercarHediedthenextmorningtoo.Hissisterwalkedhomefromherdancelessonandpassedpolicecarsandacrowdofpeoplegatheringonthesidewalkjusttwoblocksawayfromthedancestudio.Shedidntrealizeherbrotherwasinthemidstofitatall.Sheneversawhimagain.Anditsallyourfault. Iwishyoudwalkoutofmylifeforever.Idontwantanythingtodowithyou.Lookatallthepainyouvecaused.Sureyouvemadepeoplehappytoofromtimetotime.Butthedamageyouvecausedinthelivesofmillionsisinexcusable.Stopluring引诱thepeopleIlove.Stophurtingmeplease!SincerelyAnonymous
1.WhatisauthorspurposeinwritingtoalcoholA.TointroduceMr.Alcoholtothereaders.B.Todescribetheharmalcoholdidtohisfamily.C.Toshowhowmuchalcoholcanhurtpeople.D.Totellpeoplethreesadstoriesaboutalcohol.
2.WhatdidalcoholdototheauthorsfatherthatnightA.Itmadehimdrunkandtookhislifeaway.B.Itgothimintotroubleandgothisstomachpumped.C.Itmadehimkilltwootherpeoplewhendriving.D.Itgothimintoacaraccidentandbadlyinjured.
3.Theunderlinedphrase“wereintriguedby”inParagraph3isclosestinmeaningto“________”.A.werefamiliarwithB.wereinterestedinC.weredisappointedbyD.weresatisfiedwith
4.WhatisthetoneofthearticleA.Critical.B.Doubtful.C.Unconcerned.D.Humorous.
4、 Thesedaysdrugscanbefoundeverywhereanditmayseemlikeeveryonesdoingthem.Lotsofpeoplearetempted引诱bytheexcitementorescapethatdrugsseemtooffer.Butlearningthefactsaboutdrugscanhelpyouseetherisksofchasingthisexcitementorescape.Hereswhatyouneedtoknow. HowdodrugsworkDrugsarechemicalsorsubstancesthatchangethewayourbodieswork.Whenyouputthemintoyourbodyoftenbyswallowingbreathingin.orinjectingthemdrugsfindtheirwayintoyourbloodstreamandaretransported运输topartsofyourbodysuchasyourbrain.Inthebraindrugsmayeitherstrengthenordull使迟钝yoursenseschangeyoursenseofalertness机敏andsometimesdecreasephysicalpain. Adrugmaybehelpfulorharmful.Theeffectsofdrugscanvarydependinguponthekindofdrugtakenhowmuchistakenhowoftenitisusedhowquicklyitgetstothebrainandwhatotherdrugsfoodorsubstancesaretakenatthesametime.Effectscanalsovarybasedonthedifferencesinbodysizeshapeandchemistry. Althoughsubstancescanfeelgoodatfirsttheycaneventuallydoalotofharmtothebodyandbrain.Drinkingalcoholsmokingtobaccotakingillegaldrugsandsniffinggluecanallcauseseriousdamagetothehumanbody.Somedrugsseriouslyweakenapersonsabilitytomakehealthychoicesanddecisions.Teenswhodrinkforexamplearemorelikelytogetinvolvedin卷入陷入dangeroussituationssuchasdrivingattopspeedundertheinfluenceorhavingunprotectedsex.
1.Theunderlinedword“chasing”inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymeans________.A.removingB.seekingC.keepingD.holding
2.Drugsgetintoone’sbodythroughthefollowingwaysEXCEPT ________.A.eatingB.breathingC.feelingD.injecting
3.Effectsthatdrugshaveonthebodydependon ________.A.theamountofthemB.thefrequencyofthemC.thekindofthemD.alloftheabove
4.Accordingtothepassagetheauthor ______.A.supportstheideaoftakingdrugsB.offerstheideaoftakingdrugsC.opposestheideaoftakingdrugsD.refusestheideaoftakingdrugs
5、 GoodforyourhealthSocialisingwithyourfriendscouldbummorecaloriesthanrunningonatreadmill跑步机.Socialisingkeepsyouslim. Keepingabusysociallifeamonglotsoffriendsmaykeeppeopleslimmerthanspendinghoursonatreadmillaccordingtoscientists.Theysaythatsocialisingandmeetingwithfriendshelphighlevelsof“brownfat”inthebodybumcaloriestogenerateheat.Livinginastimulatingsocialenvironmentwasfoundtoreduceabdominalfatinmicebyhalfoverfourweekseveniftheyatemore. U.S.researcherssaythatsocialstimulationaidsweightlossbyconvertingwhitefatintobrown.Whitestorescaloriesandmakesusfatterwhilebrownbumsenergytogenerateheat.Convertingwhitefatintobrownisnotoriouslydifficultnormallyrequiringlongtermexposuretocoldconditionsoractivatingpartofthebodysnervoussystem. HoweverscientistsfromOhioStateUniversitynowthinkthathavingabusysociallifeisanevenmoreeffectivewayofchangingwhitefatintobrown.Theteamcameupwiththeirtheorybystudyingtheeffectsofvariouslivingenvironmentsonmice.Thosewholivedalongsideagreaternumberofmicehadmorespaceandtoystostimulatethemtolosefarmoreweightoverthecourseofthestudythantheircouchpotatocounterparts. StudyauthorDr.MatthewDuringwhoseteamsfindingsappearinjournal CellMetabolism said“I’mstillamazedatthedegreeoffatlossthatoccurs.”Explaininghownewtechnologyhadthreatenedface-to-facesocialisingheadded“It’snotjustasedentary久坐的lifestyleandhighcaloriefoodsbutanincreasinglackofsocialengagement. Co-authorDr.LeiCaosaid“Lonelinessisaprofoundfactorforcanceranddeath;it’sonparwithcigarettesmoking.Socialengagementisveryimportant.
1.Inordertokeepacharmingfeatureit’sbetterto _________.A.livesociallyB.runonatreadmillC.eatlessD.exposetocoldness
2.Couchpotatocounterpartsreferto_________.A.agreaternumberofmiceB.morespaceandtoysC.thosewithmoreweightD.changingwhitefattobrown
3.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“onparwithinParagraph6meanA.Morethan.B.Lessthan.C.Atthesamelevelas.D.Athigherlevelthan.
4.WhatisthemainideaofthepassageA.Socialisingkeepsyouslim.B.Runningonatreadmillkeepsyouslim.C.Turningwhitefatintobrown.D.Livingoftenwithmice.
6、 Integrityisthequalityofbeinghonestandstrongaboutwhatyoubelievetoberight.Theconceptofintegrityhasplayedakeyroleinmoralphilosophythroughouthistoryandispromotedinallsocietiesbecauseofitsimportancetosocialrelations.Individualintegrityisvitaltosocietyonethatenablespeopletomakeuseoftheircapacityforcriticalreflectiondoesnotforcepeopletotakeupparticularrolesanddoesnotencourageindividualstobetrayeachother.Besidessocietiescanbefavorabletothedevelopmentofindividualintegrity. Individualintegritycanliftupthespiritsoftheentiresociety.Itcanshapethelivesofpeoplelivinginaparticularsocietythelivesofallfellowpeopleandinitsbroadestsenseeventhedestiny命运ofanation.Bycontrastifthoselivinginthesocietyarecorrupt道德败坏的itcouldhavebadeffectsjeopardizingthehealthymoralityofthesociety. Ontheotherhandasocietycanbefavorabletothedevelopmentofindividualintegrity.Societyexpectsandrequiresintegrity.Asocietyconsistingofpeopleofintegrityandpeoplewhoneverpromiseontheirprinciplescouldhaveapositivemarkonthepersonaldevelopmentofitsmembers.Beingapartofsuchamorallylivelymunitycouldserveasabasisforabsorbingtraitsofgoodcharacter.Thiscouldbeofadistinctadvantagetoanyindividualsinthesociety. Howeversomesocialstructuresareofthewrongsortforsomeindividualstopursueintegrity.Ifthatisthecasewehavetoaskquestionsaboutthemoralnatureofsocietyfirstbeforeraisingquestionsaboutindividualintegrity.Questionsaboutintegritymayturnouttobeaboutwhatkindofsocietyitisratherthanabouttherelationshipbetweenindividualinterestsandcharacteristicsofasociety.Thepursuitofadequateindividualintegrityoftendependsnotsomuchonunderstandingwhooneisandwhatonebelievesandismittedtobutratherunderstandingwhatone’ssocietyisandimaginingwhatitcouldbe. Undernocircumstancescanweunderestimatetheimportanceofhumanintegrityinasociety.Peoplewhoarehonesttrustworthypassionateandcaringarethedecisivefactorsinthegrowthofindividualsaswellasthedevelopmentofasociety.
1.Individualintegrityhasbeenvaluedinsocietybecause_______.A.ithelpsdevelopphilosophyB.itisthebasisofcriticalthinkingC.itisimportanttosocialrelationsD.itensurespeople’sparticularroles
2.Theunderlinedword“jeopardizing”inParagraph2probablymeans _________.A.destroyingB.strengtheningC.assessingD.influencing
3.Thewriterbelievesthat_____.A.socialstructuresguidetheformationofindividualintegrityB.thenatureofsocietyisdecidedbyeconomicdevelopmentC.thepursuitofindividualintegritychangeswithtimeD.individualintegritydependsonwhatonebelieves
4.WhichofthefollowingshowsthedevelopmentofideasinthispassageCP:CentralPoint P:Point Sp:Sub-point C:ConclusionA.B.C.D.A.Makeasadsituationintoapleasantone.B.Makedifferentthingshappenatthesametime.C.Makeanunexpectedthinghappeninanexpectedsituation.D.Makepeoplelaughatsomethingunusualandoutofplace.答案以及解析1答案及解析答案
1.A;
2.A;
3.D;
4.C解析本文探讨了笑话
1.A细节理解题根据第一段第三句AccordingtoAristotleandmanyotherphilosophersalljokesdependmainlyonshowinginferiorityinanotherpersonorgroupofpersons...可知笑话是依赖于展示出另外一个人或群体的自卑
2.A词义猜测题根据破折号后的“thatisputtingitclearlyonshowingthattheyareworseoffthanourselves.”可知inferiority与worseoff是同义词故答案为A项
3.D段落大意题利用笑话表达别人不喜欢接受的态度是较好的方式因此这也是我们喜欢笑话的原因之一
4.C细节理解题根据短文的最后一句“Agoodjoke-tellerwillalwaystrytobuildupasituationinwhichonethingisexpecteduntilsomethingunexpectedsuddenlyhappensandsowelaugh.”可知C项正确考点:考查说明文阅读2答案及解析答案
1.A;
2.C;
3.D;
4.A解析
1.细节理解题根据第三段的“Theysaidhemayhavestartedimitatinghumanspeechbecausehewaslonely.”可知大象开始模仿人的语言因为他是孤独的故选A项
2.细节理解题根据第四段以及最后一段的内容可知Koshik不会说“Saranghae”故选C项
3.细节理解题根据倒数第三段的“KoshikemergedasastaramonganimalenthusiastsandchildreninSouthKorea.可知Koshik是动物爱好者以及韩国孩子们的明星故选D项
4.词义猜测题根据该词前后的内容可以推断出该词意为“引起”故选A项3答案及解析答案
1.C;
2.D;
3.B;
4.A解析
1.写作意图题从全文和最后一段的句子:Lookatallthepainyouvecaused.Sureyouvemadepeoplehappytoofromtimetotime.Butthedamageyouvecausedinthelivesofmillionsisinexcusable.可知作者写这封信是为了说明酒精给人们造成多么大的伤害选C
2.细节题从第二段的句子:Youjustsatbackandlaughedashiscarwentspinningthroughthestreetcrashingintotwoothercars.Hewasnttheonlyonehurtbyyouthatnight.可知酒精让作者的爸爸和另外的车相撞严重受伤选D
3.猜词题从第三段的句子:Theytreatedyouasiftheywerenevergoingtoseeyouagaindrinkingallofyouthattheycould.可以推断出作者的朋友对酒很感兴趣选B
4.推理题从最后一段的句子:Iwishyoudwalkoutofmylifeforever.Idontwantanythingtodowithyou.Lookatallthepainyouvecaused.Sureyouvemadepeoplehappytoofromtimetotime.Butthedamageyouvecausedinthelivesofmillionsisinexcusable.Stopluring引诱thepeopleIlove.Stophurtingmeplease!可知作者的态度是批评的选A4答案及解析答案
1.B;
2.C;
3.D;
4.C解析
1.同义猜测题从原文第一段可以看出许多人由于追求刺激或者由于吸毒之后能够逃避现实而去吸毒那么了解一些有关毒品的资料会有助于你看到“追求”这种刺激或逃避所导致的危险
2.细节理解题根据原文第二段第三句话可知.毒品可以通过吞咽、鼻吸或注射进入体内只有C项未被提及
3.细节理解题.根据原文第三段笫二句话可知毒品所导致的后果出于其吸食的种类、数量、频率、其到达大脑的速度以及在吸毒的同时还吃了哪些其他的毒品、食物或物质而有所不同A、B和C三项均被提及故选D项
4.推理判断题根据原文最后一段可知作者认为虽然有些东西起初令人感觉很棒但它们最终会对身体和大脑造成伤害然后举例说明毒品严重削弱一个人作出正确选择和判断的能力由此推断作者是反对吸毒的做法的5答案及解析答案
1.A;
2.C;
3.C;
4.A解析
1.细节理解题根据第一段中的“Socialisingkeepsyouslim.”可知应选A项
2.推理判断题根据第四段最后一句“在研究期间那些和大量老鼠生活在一起的老鼠有更多的空间和玩具刺激它们减去更多的脂肪减肥的程度远超过那些孤独的同类”可知counterpart意为“同类的人或事故C项符合题意
3.词义猜测题根据画线词前面一句话“Lonelinessisaprofoundfactorforcanceranddeath”可推知onparwith是“不相上下”的意思故C项符合题意
4.主旨大意题根据第一段及全文内容可知本文主要讲了社交活动有助减肥故A项正确6答案及解析答案
1.C;
2.A;
3.A;
4.A解析
1.细节理解题.由首段中的Theconceptofintegrityhasplayedakeyroleinmoralphilosophythroughouthistoryandispromotedinallsocietiesbecauseofitsimportancetosocialrelations. 和Individualintegrityisvitaltosociety...可知选C
2.词义猜测题.由画线词所在句中的Bycontrastifthoselivinginthesocietyarecorruptitcouldhavebadeffects..中的badeffects就可以判断出这是不好的影响故选A
3.主旨大意题:由倒数第二段和第三段可知作者认为社会结构塑造了个性的正直故选A
4.文章结构题第一段抛出总观点;第二段抛出观点后利用bycontrast引出另一观点;第三段ontheotherhand抛出r另一观点;第四段出现转折词however抛出观点;尾段总结概括抓住转折词就可以判断文章结构故选A。