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(5)阅读理解推理判断一
1、 In1812theyearCharlesDickenswasborntherewere66novelspublishedinBritain.Peoplehadbeenwritingnovelsforacentury—mostexpertsdatethefirstnoveltoRobinsonCrusoein1719—butnobodywantedtodoitprofessionally.Thesteam-poweredprintingpresswasstillinitsearlystages;theliteracy识字rateinEnglandwasunder50%.Manyworksoffictionappearedwithoutthenamesoftheauthorsoftenwithsomethinglike“Byalady.”Novelsforthemostpartwerelookeduponassillyimmoralorjustplainbad. In1870whenDickensdiedtheworldmournedhimasitsfirstprofessionalwriterandpublisherfamousandbelovedwhohadledanexplosioninboththepublicationofnovelsandtheirreadershipandwhosecharacters—fromOliverTwisttoTinyTim—wereheldupasmoraltouchstones.TodayDickens’greatnessisunchallenged.Removinghimfromthepantheon名人堂ofEnglishliteraturewouldmakeaboutasmuchsenseastheLouvresellingofftheMonaLisa. HowdidDickensgettothetopForallthefeelingsreadersattachtostoriesliteratureisanumbersgameandthetestoftimeisextremelydifficulttopass.Some60000novelswerepublishedduringtheVictorianagefrom1837to1901;todayacasualreadermightbeabletonameahalf-dozenofthem.It’spartlytruethatDickens’styleofwritingattractedaudiencesfromallwalksoflife.It’spartlythathiswritingsrodeawaveofsocialpoliticalandscientificprogress.Butit’salsothatherewrotethecultureofliteratureandputhimselfatthecenter.NoonewilleverknowwhatmixoftalentambitionenergyandluckmadeDickenssuchadistinguishedwriter.Butasthe200thanniversaryofhisbirthapproachesitispossible—andimportantforourownculture—tounderstandhowhemadehimselfalastingone.
1.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesBritishnovelsinthe18thcenturyA.Theyweredifficulttounderstand.B.Theywerepopularamongtherich.C.Theywereseenasnearlyworthless.D.Theywerewrittenmostlybywomen.
2.DickensisparedwiththeMonaLisainthetexttostress________.A.hisreputationinFranceB.hisinterestinmodernartC.hissuccessinpublicationD.hisimportanceinliterature
3.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetextA.Torememberagreatwriter.B.TointroduceanEnglishnovel.C.Toencouragestudiesonculture.D.TopromotevaluesoftheVictorianage.
2、 DanielHernandezalwayswantedtohelppeople.Beforehe’devengraduatedfromhighschoolhetrainedtobeacertifiednursingassistantandvolunteeredatanursinghome.Hethendecidedtoworkinpublicservice.InhisjunioryearattheUniversityofArizonahemajoredinpoliticalscienceandbeganvolunteeringinpoliticalactivities. OneofhisheroeswasGabrielleGiffords.Whenpickedforaninternship实习期withherhegladlygaveupapart-timesalesjob.Soeagerwashethathestartedworkfourdaysearly.OnSaturdaymorningJanuary8hearrivedatLaToscanaVillagemarketnorthofTucsonandbegansettinguptablesinfrontofaSafewaystorewhere30orsopeopleweregatheringtomeetGiffords. At10:10a.m.Hernandezheardloudsounds.“Gun!”someoneshouted.Heheardpeoplescreamingsawthemfallingtotheground.Hernandezwasstanding30feetawayfromGiffordswhenshefelldown.Insecondshewasatherside.EverywherearoundhimwaschaosbutHernandezwilledhimselftoremaincalm. Giffordswaslyingonthesidewalk;bloodwasstreamingdownherfacefromabulletwoundonherhead.GentlyHernandezliftedherintoasittingpositionagainsthisshoulder.Thenwithhishandheappliedpressuretothewoundonherforeheadtopreventtheflowofblood.Hecalmedherandtoldherallwouldbewell. Minuteslaterambulancesarrivedonthescene.StillHernandezstayedwithGiffordsholdingherhandandtalking.“Ijustmadesuresheknewshewasn’talone”hesays.“WhenItoldherIdcontactherhusbandMarkshesqueezedmyhandhard.” Nineteenpeoplefellvictimtoacrazymanthatday.GiffordsthoughwoundedsurvivedinnosmallpartbecauseofHernandez’squickactions.Hernandezdidaheroicthing.ThoughhedoesntthinksothepeopleofTucsonandthenationaregratefulthatDanielHernandezwasthereatthatkeymomentfourdaysearlierthanhewassupposedtobe.
1.WheredidDanielHernandezevervolunteerbeforetheaccidentA.AttheUniversityofArizona.B.Atastoreforaproduct.C.Atanursinghome.D.Athishighschool.
2.WhydidHernandezstaywithGabrielleGiffordsassoonaspossibleA.GabrielleGiffordswashishero.B.Heworkedasasecurityguards.C.HeknewGabrielleGiffordswasindanger.D.Heknewhowtotreatherwound.
3.AccordingtothelastparagraphtothepeopleofTucsonGabrielleGiffords______.A.workedhardattheSafewaystoreB.wasoneofDanielHernandez’sfriendsC.didareallyheroicthingthatdayD.wasluckytosurvivetheaccident
3、 Sciencehasalotofuses.Itcanuncoverlawsofnaturecurediseasesmakebombsandhelpbridgestostandup.Indeedscienceissogoodatwhatitdoesthatthere’salwaysatemptation诱惑todragitintoproblemswhereitmaynotbehelpful.DavidBrooksauthorofTheSocialAnimal:TheHiddenSourcesofLoveCharacterandAchievementappearstobethelatestinalonglineofwriterswhohavefailedtoresistthetemptation. Brooksgainedfameforseveralbooks.HislatestbookTheSocialAnimalhoweverismoreambitiousandseriousthanhisearlierbooks.Itisanattempttodealwithasetofweightytopics.Thebookfocusesonbigquestions:WhathassciencerevealedabouthumannatureWhatarethesourcesofcharacterAndwhyaresomepeoplehappyandsuccessfulwhileothersaren’t ToanswerthesequestionsBrookssurveysawiderangeofdisciplines学科.Consideringthisyoumightexpectthebooktobeadryrecitationoffacts.ButBrookshasstructuredhisbookinanunorthodox非常规的andperhapsunfortunateway.Insteadofintroducingscientifictheorieshetellsastorywithinwhichhetriestomakehispointsperhapsinordertokeepthereader’sattention.SoasHaroldandEricatheheroandheroineinhisstorylivethroughchildhoodwehearaboutthescienceofchilddevelopmentandastheybegintodatewehearaboutthetheoryofsexualattraction.Brookscarriesthisthroughtothedeathofoneofhischaracters. OnthewholeBrooks’sstoryisacceptableifuninspired.Asonewouldexpecthiswritingismostlyclearandtobefairsomechaptersstandoutabovetherest.IenjoyedforinstancethechapterinwhichHarolddiscovershowtothinkonhisown.WhileHaroldandEricaarecertainlynotstrongormemorablecharactersthemoreseriousproblemswithTheSocialAnimallieelsewhere.TheseproblemspartlyinvolveBrooks’sattempttotranslatehistaleintoscience.
1.Theauthormentionsthefunctionsofscienceatthebeginningofthepassageto__________.A.illustratewheresciencecanbeappliedB.demonstratethevalueofBrooks’snewbookC.remindthereaderoftheimportanceofscienceD.explainwhymanywritersusescienceintheirworks
2.AccordingtotheauthorwhichofthefollowingcouldbeastrengthofthebookA.Itsstrongbasis.B.Itsconvincingpoints.C.Itsclearwriting.D.Itsmemorablecharacters.
3.Whatistheauthor’sgeneralattitudetowardsthebookA.Contradictory.B.Supportive.C.Cautious.D.Critical.
4.WhatistheauthorlikelytowriteaboutafterthelastparagraphA.Problemswiththebook.B.Brooks’slifeexperience.C.Deathofthecharacters.D.Brooks’stranslationskills.
4、
1.TheWrightBrothersbyDavidMcCullough Anothermust-readforhistoryfansMcCulloughtellsthestoryofOrvilleandWilburWrightthebrotherswhotaughttheworldhowtofly.Drawingonalltypesofhistoricaldata—frompersonaldiariesandscrapbookstothousandsofprivatelettersoffamilyletters—wegetacloselookattheactualpersonalitiesbehindoneofthemostinfluentialmomentsinhistory.
2.TheWonderGardenbyLaurenAcampora Thisnovelisreallyacollectionofseveralinterwoven交织storiesofpeoplelivingintherichConnecticutsuburbs.FromtalesofanelderlyartisttoayoungmothertoawomanwhosehusbandjustbehavescarelesslyTheWonderGardengivesusanunforgettablereminderthatthere’softensomuchwedon’tknowaboutwhathappenswithourneighborsbehindcloseddoors.
3.BetweenYouMe:ConfessionsofamaQueenbyMaryNorris DoessomeonemistakingwhoforwhommakeyourbloodboilDoyouwanttothrowadictionaryatsomeoneformistakingsitforciteEnterBetweenYouMe.MaryNorrisbringsherexperienceworkinginTheNewYorker’scopydepartmenttoeagergrammarfansinthislaugh-out-loudbookthatlooksatsomeofthemostmonspellingpunctuationandusageproblemsintheEnglishlanguage.
4.MyStruggle:BookFourbyKarlOveKnausgaard MyStruggleisasix-volumeautobiographicalnovelthatfollowsthelifeofKarlOveKnausgaardaNorwegianfatherofthree.InBookFourhewritesofhisdecisionattheageof18tomovetoafisherman’svillageinthefarnorthoftheArcticcircletoworkasaschoolteacher.It’stherethathestruggleswithlovealcoholismandbeinglovedbyoneofhisstudents.
1.WhatdoesthebookTheWrightbrothersfocusonA.Inventionofairplanes.B.Natureofthecharacters.C.Historyofairplanes.D.Ordinarylifeofthecharacters.
2.WhodescribeshisorherreallifeexperiencesinthenovelA.DavidMcCullough.B.LaurenAcampora.C.KarlOveKnausgaard.D.MaryNorris.
3.WhichofthefollowingbooksmightmakeyouburstintolaughterA.MyStruggle.B.TheWonderGarden.C.TheWrightBrothers.D.BetweenYouMe.
5、 WhenIwasinfourthgradeIworkedpart-timeasapaperboy.Mrs.Stanleywasoneofmycustomers.She’dwatchmeingdownherstreetandbythetimeI’dbikeduptoherdoorstepthere’dbeacolddrinkwaiting.I’dsitanddrinkwhileshetalked.Mrs.Stanleytalkedmostlyaboutherdeadhusband“Mr.StanleyandIwentshoppingthismorning”she’dsay.Thefirsttimeshesaidthatsodawentupmynose. ItoldmyfatherhowMrs.StanleytalkedasifMr.Stanleywerestillalive.DadsaidshewasprobablylonelyandthatIoughttositandlistenandnodmyheadandsmileandmaybeshe’dworkitoutofhersystem.Sothat’swhatIdidanditturnedoutDadwasright.Afterawhilesheseemedcontenttoleaveherhusbandoveratthecemetery墓地. Ifinallyquitdeliveringnewspapersanddidn’tseeMrs.Stanleyforseveralyears.Thenwecrossedpathsatachurchfund-raiser.Shewasspooningmashedpotatoesandlookinghappy.Fouryearsbeforeshe’dhadtoofferherpaperboyadrinktohavesomeonetotalkwith.Nowshehadfriends.Herhusbandwasgonebutlifewenton. IliveinthecitynowandmypaperboyisaladynamedEdnawiththreekids.SheasksmehowI’mdoing.WhenIdon’tsay“fine”shesticksaroundtohearmyproblems.She’slivedinthecitymostofherlifebutsheknowsaboutmunity.munityisn’tsomuchaplaceasitisastateofmind.Youfinditwheneverpeopleaskhowyou’redoingbecausetheycareandnotbecausethey’regettingpaidtodoso.Sometimesit’sgoodtojustsmilenodyourheadandlisten.
1.Whydidsodagouptheauthor’snoseonetimeA.Hewastalkingfast.B.Hewasshocked.C.Hewasinahurry.D.Hewasabsent-minded.
2.WhydidtheauthorsitandlistentoMrs.StanleyA.Heenjoyedthedrink.B.Hewantedtobehelpful.C.Hetookthechancetorest.D.Hetriedtopleasehisdad.
3.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedphrase“workitoutofhersystem”inParagraph2A.Recoverfromhersadness.B.Moveoutoftheneighborhood.C.Turntoheroldfriends.D.Speakoutaboutherpast.
4.WhatdoestheauthorthinkpeopleinamunityshoulddoA.Openuptoothers.B.Dependoneachother.C.Payforothers’help.D.Careaboutoneanother.
6、 Icarriedoutmyfirstrealexperimentinthe9thgrade.Myschoolwasadreamplaceforsomeonewhodreamedofbeingascientist—wehadalmosteverythingthatoneneededtodoexperimentsinthelab. TheexperimentwasdesignedbymeandanotherstudentcalledAishawhotothisdayremainsaveryclosefriendofmine.Wechosetolearnabouttheeffectofantioxidants抗氧化剂onthegrowthofAfricanviolets紫罗兰.WeclonedalotofAfricanvioletsandplantedthemintobabyfoodjars. Tolearnabouttheeffectofantioxidantswedecidedtocountthenumberoflittlebabyleavesthatappearedontheclonedleafeveryday.Iwasnotsurewhywedecidedtochooseantioxidantstodotheexperiment.Wewerejust14afterallandwedidntknowmuchaboutplants.Howeverwefoundthattheonesfedwithantioxidantsproducedmorelittlebabyleavesonthem.Iwassuretheantioxidantshadaneffectonthem.Itwasawonderfulexperiencetosetupsuchanexperiment. Ilearnedalotfromthatexperience.Itwasjusttheonethatmademelikescienceandhavingtheopportunitytodorealscienceatschoolmademebelievethat.Itwasn’treadingscienceoutofabookanditwasntwatchingvideosaboutadultswithbadhairdoingscienceinalab;itwasactuallydoingsciencethatinterestedme—thinkingaboutitplanningitanddoingit. AfterthatexperimentIdidmoreexperimentsinthelabwithmyfriendAisha.Welearnedalotofthingsthroughdoingexperimentsinthelabofourschool.IwassoluckythatIattendedsuchaschool. RecentlyIreadareportonawebsite.ItshowsthatmanyschoolsintheUSdon’thavetheresources资源neededtodoexperimentsintheirschoollabs.Studentsshoulddoexperimentsinthelab.Ittotallyworks.Itmakeskidslikescience.Ihopethatschoolsaroundthenationwillprovidetheirstudentswithmoreresourcestodoexperimentsinthelab.
1.What’stheauthor’spurposeindoingtheexperimentA.TofindouthowAfricanvioletsgrewintobigplants.B.TocloneenoughAfricanvioletstoplantinthewild.C.TofindtheeffectofantioxidantsonAfricanviolets.D.Totestwhetherantioxidantsweregoodforallplants.
2.TheauthorfoundtheAfricanvioletsfedwithantioxidants ________.A.lookedverystrangeB.grewbetterthanothersC.werealmostdestroyedD.hadmuchbiggerleaves
3.Afterdoingtheexperimenttheauthor __________.A.wantedtofindabetterpartnerB.showedgreatinterestinscienceC.thoughtitwashardtodoexperimentsD.wantedtoreadbookstoimprovehisexperiment
4.WhatisthetextmainlyaboutA.Theauthor’sfirstexperimentinalab.B.Whyallstudentscannotdoexperiments.C.Whytheauthorwasinterestedinscience.D.Thingstheauthorlearnedfromexperiments.答案以及解析1答案及解析答案
1.C;
2.D;
3.A解析本文写于CharlesDickens诞辰200周年前夕介绍了CharlesDickens在英国小说方面的重要贡献和深远影响
1.细节理解题根据第一段对当时情况的描写nobodywantedtodoitprofessionally.Thesteam-poweredprintingpresswasstillinitsearlystages;theliteracy识字rateinEnglandwasunder50%.Manyworksoffictionappearedwithoutthenamesoftheauthors...Novelsforthemostpartwerelookeduponassillyimmoralorjustplainbad.可知印刷技术落后人们识字率低作品上没有作者名字小说被认为是愚蠢的、不正常的或者毫无价值可言故选C
2.推理判断题根据第二段Dickens’greatnessisunchallenged.和列举的CharlesDickens小说的影响可知把他和MonaLisa相比是为了说明CharlesDickens在英国小说方面的重要性和MonaLisa在绘画方面的重要性是一样的故选D
3.写作意图题根据文中对CharlesDickens及其作品在英国小说史上重要性的描写和文章最后Butasthe200thanniversaryofhisbirthapproachesitispossible—andimportantforourownculture—tounderstandhowhemadehimselfalastingone.可知本文是写于CharlesDickens诞辰200周年前夕由此可知作者写本文是为了纪念这位伟大的作家故选A点睛:推理判断题要求在理解表面文字的基础上做出判断和推论从而得到文章的隐含的意思和深层的意思也就是通过文章中的文字信息上下逻辑关系及事物的发展变化等已知的信息推断出作者没有直接表达的态度和观点本文推理判断题的考法:
1.推测文章的观点或结论小题1要求判断18世纪英国小说的现状根据第一段对当时情况的描写nobodywantedtodoitprofessionally.Thesteam-poweredprintingpresswasstillinitsearlystages;theliteracyrateinEnglandwasunder50%.Novelswerelookeduponassillyimmoralorjustplainbad.可知当时印刷技术落后人们识字率低小说被认为是愚蠢的不正常的毫无价值可言
2.推测作者写作目的或意图小题3判断本文的写作目的根据文中对CharlesDickens及其作品在英国小说史上重要性的描写和文章最后Butasthe200thanniversaryofhisbirthapproachesitispossible—andimportantforourownculture—tounderstandhowhemadehimselfalastingone.可知本文是写于CharlesDickens诞辰200周年前夕由此推断作者写本文是为了纪念这位伟大的作家2答案及解析答案
1.C;
2.C;
3.D解析
1.细节理解题根据第一段第二句中的“andvolunteeredatanursinghome.”可知在事故发生之前DanielHernandez在一家私人疗养院做过志愿者故选C项
2.推理判断题根据第三段内容可知当时Giffords受伤倒下去了她的处境非常危险因此距离她不远的Hernandez以自己的最快速度上前去保护她并对她的伤口进行处理故选C项
3.推理判断题根据文章最后一句中的DanielHernandezwasthereatthatkeymomentfourdaysearlierthanhewassupposedtobe.”可知DanielHernandez本应该在4天之后才去那里的因此推断:GabrielleGiffords的获救是非常幸运的故D项正确3答案及解析答案
1.D;
2.C;
3.D;
4.A解析
1.【语篇导读】本文是一篇书评作者列举了Brooks的几本书指出了书中值得肯定的地方同时也找出了其不足之处推理判断题文章第一句提到科学有许多用途可以揭示自然的规律、治病、制造原子弹等等后面又提到DavidBrooks由此可知许多作家在作品中运用科学知识就是因为它的功能很多所以选D
2.细节理解题根据第四段中的“...Asonewouldexpecthiswritingismostlyclear...”可知撰写清楚是他的书的一个优点所以选C
3.推理判断题根据第一段最后一句中的...“who failedtoresistthetemptation.”和第三段中的“youmightexpectthebooktobeadryrecitationoffact.ButBrookshasstructuredhisbookinanunorthodoxandperhapsunfortunateway.”可知Brooks写的和人们期望的不一样由此可知作者是持批判的态度
4.推理判断题根据最后一段最后一句可知这些问题涉及Brooks把他的故事转换成科学的企图由此可知作者在本段谈到这本书的问题所以选AB项“Brooks的生活经历”;C项“人物的死亡”;D项“Brooks的翻译技巧”都与该段无关【长难句分析】Indeedscienceissogoodatwhatitdoesthattheresalwaysatemptationtodragitintoproblemswhereitmaynotbehelpful.的确科学对它做的事情如此擅长以至于总有一种要把它拖进无能为力解决的问题中的诱惑本句是一个复合句so...that...引导的是结果状语从句;whereitmaynotbehelpful是定语从句修饰problems4答案及解析答案
1.B;
2.C;
3.D解析
1.细节理解题根据第一段中的“...wegetadoselookattheactualpersonalitiesbehindoneofthemostinfluentialmomentsinhistory.”可知这本书可以让我们了解历史上最有影响力的时刻之一背后的真实人物所以选B项
2.推理判断题根据最后一段中的“It’stherethathestruggleswithlovealcoholismandbeinglovedbyoneofhisstudents.”可知在小说MyStruggle:BookFour中KarlOveKnausgaard描写了自己真实的生活经历
3.推理判断题根据第三段中的“EnterBetweenYou Me.MaryNorrisbringsherexperienceworkingintheNewYorkerscopydepartmenttoeagergrammarfansinthislaugh-out-loudbook...”可推断BetweenYou Me可能会使你放声大笑所以选D5答案及解析答案
1.B;
2.B;
3.A;
4.D解析
1.推理判断题.根据第二段Mrs.Stanleytalkedmostlyaboutherdeadhusband.Mr.StanleyandIwentshoppingthismorning”she’dsay.可推测作者第一次听到Mrs.Stanley说这些话时是极为震惊的故选B
2.推理判断题:根据第三段DadsaidshewasprobablylonelyandthatIoughttositandlistenandnodmyheadandsmile可知作者倾听Mrs.Stanley说话是为了帮助她故选B.
3.词义猜测题根据第二段最后一句Afterawhilesheseemedcontenttoleaveherhusbandoveratthecemetery墓地可知Mrs.Stanley看来已从失去丈夫的悲痛中走了出来说明画线部分的意思“从悲伤中恢复过来”故选A
4.推理判断题根据最后一段Youfinditwheneverpeopleaskhowyou’redoingbecausetheycareandnotbecausethey’regettingpaidtodoso以及本文所讲的故事 作者以前关心Mrs.Stanley后来又被自家的送报员所关心由此可推断作者想要表明的观点:社区邻里间应该相互关心故选D误解分析:不能误选A项openuptoothers意为“对别人敞开心扉”心扉指的是心的门扇比喻人的内心敞开心扉是指在一个人面前把自己的心毫无隐瞒地表现出来也指分享自己的心情是一种乐观开朗的表现而文中作者通过自身的经历告诉我们要相互关心全文翻译 四年级的时候我兼职做报童斯坦利太太是我的顾客之一她会看着我走到她所居住的大街走到她家门前时会给我准备一杯冷饮她讲话时我总会坐着喝冷饮 斯坦利太太讲述的内容多是关于她死去的丈夫“今天早上斯坦利先生和我去购物了”她说道她第一次这样说时我大为吃惊我告诉父亲斯坦利太太说话的样子似乎斯坦利先生还活着爸爸说她可能很孤独我应该坐着听还得不时地点头微笑这样也许她会从失去丈夫的悲痛中恢复过来于是我那样做了结果证明爸爸是对的不久后斯坦利太太似乎把丈夫遗忘在了墓地 我终于不再送报纸了几年来也没见过斯坦利太太然后在一个教堂募捐活动的现场斯坦利太太和我不期而遇她正在舀土豆泥看起来很高兴四年前为了与人交谈她还不得已为报童提供一杯饮料现在她有朋友了她的丈夫去世了但生活还得继续 现在我住在城里我的报童是一个叫埃德娜的女士她有三个孩子她问我近况怎样当我没有说“好”的时候她就会坚持倾听我的问题她一生大部分时间都住在城市但她了解社区与其说社区是一个地方倒不如说它是一种心境每当有人因为关心而问你日子过得怎么样而不是因为要得到报酬而做这些时你会感到这一点有时只是笑一笑点点头听一听就好了6答案及解析答案
1.C;
2.B;
3.B;
4.A解析
1.细节理解题根据第二段的WechosetolearnabouttheeffectofantioxidantsonthegrowthofAfricanviolets.可知作者和朋友是想知道抗氧化剂对非洲紫罗兰的作用
2.推理判断题根据第三段的Howeverwefoundthattheonesfedwithantioxidantsproducedmorelittlebabyleavesonthem.可知作者发现使用抗氧化剂的非洲紫罗兰比别的长得要好
3.推理判断题根据第四段的Ilearnedalotfromthatexperience.Itwasjusttheonethatmademelikescienceandhavingtheopportunitytodorealscienceatschoolmademebelievethat.可知作者在做完这个实验后坚定地认为是这次实验的经历让她爱上了科学
4.主旨大意题根据第一段的Icarriedoutmyfirstrealexperimentinthe9thgrade.以及后文的内容可知本文主要讲述了作者第一次在实验室里做实验的经历。