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Unit3
一、词汇复习
(一)单句语法填空1.________ignorethedifferencebetweenthetworesearchfindingswillbeoneoftheworstmistakesyoumake.答案Ignoring 设空处位于句首,考虑句中可能缺少主语或状语,再分析句子成分,句中已有谓语动词willbe,句中缺少的是主语,再根据句意可知应用动名词形式句意为忽视这两种研究结果的差异将是你所犯的最严重错误之一分析句子结构可知,句子的谓语部分是willbe,oneoftheworstmistakes是表语,youmake是省略关系代词的定语从句,修饰mistakes很显然,________thedifferencebetweenthetworesearchfindings是主语部分,结合语境可知设空处用动名词作主语答案为Ignoring2.2015·课标全国Ⅰ,70AbercrombieKent,atravelpanyinHongKong,saysitregularlyarrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople________liveinShanghaiandHongKong.答案living 分析句子结构快速找到谓语动词arranges,从而判断此处应填非谓语动词;再根据句意可知,逻辑主语people与live之间为主动关系,最后确定填现在分词形式句意为香港的一家旅游公司AbercrombieKent说,他们经常在这儿为上海人和香港人安排方便的度假该句的谓语动词是arranges,所以此处应是非谓语动词;people和live之间是主动关系,故填living作后置定语3.2015·北京,21改编________catchtheearlyflight,weorderedataxiinadvanceandgotupveryearly.答案tocatch tocatch在此作目的状语句意为了赶上早航班,我们提前订了出租车并且起得很早4.2015·北京,23改编Theparkwasfullofpeople,________enjoythemselvesinthesunshine.答案enjoying enjoying为现在分词作伴随状语,与people形成逻辑上的主谓关系句意公园里人山人海,他们在沐浴着阳光愉快地玩耍5.2015·天津,5改编________absorbinpainting,Johndidntnoticeeveningapproaching.答案Absorbed 动词absorb有“使专心”之意,常见短语beabsorbedin,所以用过去分词作原因状语
(二)英汉互译
1.cigaretten.__________
2.alcoholn.__________
3.alcoholicadj.__________
4.abusen.vt.__________
5.△fitnessn.__________
6.△sexualadj.__________
7.stressn.vt.__________
8.△stressfuladj.__________
9.△obesityn.__________
10.adolescentn.adj.__________
11.adolescencen.__________
12.banvt.n.__________
13.dueadj.__________
14.dueto__________
15.toughadj.__________
16.addictedadj.__________
17.addictedto__________
18.△nicotinen.__________
19.accustomvt.__________
20.accustomedadj.__________
21.accustomedto__________
22.withdrawaln.__________
23.△bad-temperedadj.__________
24.automaticadj__________.
25.automaticallyadv.__________
26.mentaladj.__________
27.mentallyadv.__________
28.quitvt.__________
29.effectn.__________
30.lungn.__________
31.pregnantadj.__________
32.abnormaladj.__________
33.breathlessadj.__________
34.unfitadj.__________
35.strengthenvt.vi.__________
36.△resolven.__________
37.decideon__________
38.packetn.__________
39.feellikedoing__________
40.△relaxationn.__________
41.desperateadj.__________
42.chemistn.__________
43.△gumn.__________
44.△chewinggum__________
45.disappointedadj.__________
46.△weakenvi.vt.__________
47.ashamedadj.__________
48.prehensionn.__________
49.inspiteof__________
50.takerisksarisk__________
51.getinto陷入;染上__________
52.etcetceteraadv.__________
53.appendix复数-dixes-dices)n.__________
54.illegaladj.__________
55.pilln.__________
56.△robberyn.__________
57.△slipperyadj.__________
58.atrisk__________
59.△immuneadj__________.
60.survivaln.__________
61.sexn.__________
62.△fluidn.__________
63.△injectvt.__________
64.△injectionn.__________
65.needlen.__________
66.△spill(spiltspilt)vi.vt.__________
67.maleadj.n.__________
68.femaleadj.n.__________
69.△condomn.__________
70.△homosexualn.adj.__________
71.prejudicen.__________
72.judgementn.__________abortionn.__________
73.cigarn.__________
74.embarrassedadj.__________
75、awkwardadj.__________
二、阅读理解ARecentmonthshaveseenarevivalofthehumble普通的bikeacrossChinawithanincreasingnumberofpeoplechoosingpedaling骑车insteadofdrivingtoschooltoworkplacesortodosightseeing.Theintroductionofbike-sharingsystemsservicesinwhichbicyclesaremadeavailableforsharedusetoindividualswhodonotownthemandpioneeredbystart-upslikeOfoandMobikehasbroughtthetrendtoanewlevel.WashingtonD.C.hasoneofthebiggestbikesharingsystemsintheUSwith3700bikesand440stations.TheUKFranceandGermanyallhavegrowingprograms.HoweverChinasofaroutdoes超过themallbyoperatingthreeoutoffouroftheworld’sshardbikes.Peoplecanunlocktheshardbikesbysimplyusingtheirsmartphone.ThebikesareequippedwithGPSandusersofChina’sversionscanleavebikesanywhereinpublicforthenextuser.They’repopularamongmanyChinesepeopleastheyprovideaneffectivesolutiontothe“lastmile”problemwhichreferstothefinallegofaperson’sjourney.HowevertheChineseprogramshavealsoledtoproblemssuchasillegalparkingvandalism故意破坏andtheft.Infacttheseproblemsarealsosharedbybike-sharingprogramsabroad.Launchedin2007Véilbisalarge-scalepublicbikesharingsysteminParis.Atitsearlystageofoperationitalsosufferedfromproblemsofvandalismortheft.ByOct2009alargenumberofVélib’sinitialbikeshadtobereplacedduetovandalismortheftaccordingtoTheNewYorkTimes.Todealwiththeseproblemsthepanycameupwiththeideaofencouragingpeopletoreturnthebikestostationsbyrewardingfreetimefortheirnextrides.NowChineseserviceoperatorsarealsotryingtoaddresstheseproblems.ForexampleMobikesetsa100-pointcreditscoreforeachuserwithpointstakeninthecaseofbadbehavior.Onceascoredropsbelow80bikerentalisincreasedto100yuanper30minutesupfrom
0.5-1yuan.
1.WhatcanwelearnaboutbikesharingsystemsA.Theyofferfreebikerides.B.Theyarerunningperfectly.C.Chinaoperatesthebiggestsystem.D.Francewasthefirsttolaunchthesystem.
2.Asameansoftransportationbike-sharingcanbebestdescribedas_______.A.promisingbutexpensive.B.convenientandeco-friendly.C.eco-friendlybutineffective.D.troublesomeandmeaningless.
3.WhatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetextA.SharedBikesPedalintoStyle.B.ProblemswithBikesinChina.C.SharedBikesAttractYoungPeople.D.TransportationChangeswiththeTimes.【文章大意】本文为说明文讲述的是共享单车成为一种新的趋势,并介绍了它的优缺点
2.B【解析】推理判断题根据第三段可知共享单车方便而且环保,故选B
3.A【解析】主旨大意题纵观全文可知本文讲的是共享单车成为一种新的趋势,与A项一致,故选ABBeesplayavitalroleintheworld.Unfortunatelybeesaredyingbythesecond.Themainpurposeofbeesistomakehoney.Honeyshockinglydoesnotexistforhumanconsumption;itisessentialtotheinsects.Honeybeesstorehoneyintheirhives蜂箱inorderforthebeestohaveenergyfortheirflightmusclesandforheatingthehivesduringthewinterperiod.Theycollectpollen花粉whichsuppliesproteinforyoungbeestogrow.AccordingtoNationalHoneyBoardtheincreasedproductionandqualityofagriculturalcropsasaresultofhoneybeepollinationarevaluedatmorethan$
14.6billionperyear.Theseinsectsareresponsibleforover70ofthefruitsandvegetablesweeattodayincludingapplesgrapescoffeebeansandbroccoli.SoiftheyaresovaluabletoagriculturewhydotheykeepdyingoffAkeysuspectseemstobepesticides农药.Honeybeeswhoareexposedtopesticidesresultinthedamagetotheirneurological神经系统的functionsspecificallymemoryorbehavior.Andthat’swhythemajorityofworkerbeesdisappearandleavebehindaqueenplentyoffoodandafewnursebeestocarefortheremainingimmaturebeesandthequeen.Thereareseveralothercausesofthedeclineofbeesincludingthedestructionofnaturalhabitatslikewoodlandsforestsandotherhabitatsforbees.Climatechangeisalsoafactorinthedeclineofthewildbeepopulation.Actuallythereareavarietyofmethodstohelpthebeepopulationgrow.Onewayistostartyourownorganicgardenbyplantingbeefriendlyplants.Pesticidesareusedinbothindustrialpracticesandeveninyourhomesoitisbesttofindorganicseedsandweedkillers.【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文蜜蜂在生物世界里起着重要的作用,但是由于农药的滥用,蜜蜂正在大批死亡本文给出了增加蜜蜂数量的方法和建议1.WhydohoneybeesstorehoneyintheirhivesA.Toprovideenoughhoneyforhumanstoconsume.B.Todrawproteinoutofhoneyforyoungbees.C.Tohelpattractotherinsectsandmakehivesstronger.D.Tostrengthenbeemusclesandheathivesinwinter.D 解析细节理解题根据第二段的第三句“Honeybeesstorehoneyintheirhives蜂箱inorderforthebeestohaveenergyfortheirflightmusclesandforheatingthehivesduringthewinterperiod.”可知,蜜蜂储藏蜂蜜是为了增强飞行肌肉的力量,在冬天为蜂箱加热,故D项正确2.Applesandbeansarementionedinthethirdparagraphtoshowthat.A.beessupplyhumanbeingswithbasicfoodB.beesmainlyliveontheseagriculturalcropsC.beesareofgreatimportancetofruitsandvegetablesD.beescanbringinmoremoneyforfarmerseveryyearC 解析细节理解题根据第三段的“Theseinsectsareresponsibleforover70ofthefruitsandvegetablesweeattodayincludingapplesgrapescoffeebeansandbroccoli.”可知,该段提及苹果和豆类旨在说明蜜蜂对水果和蔬菜的重要作用,故C项正确3.WhatismostlikelytocausetheworkerbeestoleavetheirhivesbehindA.Thelackoffood.B.Theabuseofpesticides.C.Thefightingamongbees.D.Thedestructionofthehabitats.B 解析细节理解题根据第四段的“Honeybeeswhoareexposedtopesticides...Andthat’swhythemajorityofworkerbeesdisappear”可知,农药的滥用导致了工蜂离开蜂箱,故B项正确4.WhatwouldtheauthorprobablydiscussintheparagraphthatfollowsA.Anotherwaytosavebees.B.Othertipsforchoosingseeds.C.Moremethodstoplantgreenorganicfruits.D.Causesofthedeclineinthewildbeepopulation.A 解析推理判断题根据第五段的第
一、二句“Actuallythereareavarietyofmethodstohelpthebeepopulationgrow.Onewayistostartyourownorganicgardenbyplantingbeefriendlyplants.”可知,该段主要介绍了帮助蜜蜂增加数量的方法之一种植对蜜蜂无害的植物据此可以推断,下文将介绍其他的帮助增加蜜蜂数量的方法,故A项正确
三、七选五TheScienceofRisk-SeekingSometimeswedecidethatalittleunnecessarydangerisworthitbecausewhenweweightheriskandtherewardtheriskseemsworthtaking. 1 Someofusenjoyactivitiesthatwouldsurpriseandscaretherestofus.WhyExpertssayitmayhavetodowithhowourbrainswork.Thereasonwhyanyofustakeanyrisksatallmighthavetodowithearlyhumans.Risk-takerswerebetterathuntingfightingorexploring. 2 Asthequalityofrisk-takingwaspassedfromonegenerationtothenexthumansendedupwithasenseofadventureandatoleranceforrisk.Sowhyaren’twealljumpingoutofairplanesthenWelleven200000yearsagotoomuchrisk-takingcouldgetonekilled.Afewdaringpersonssurvivedthoughalongwithafewstay-in-the-cavetypes.Asaresulthumansdevelopedarangeofcharactertypesthatstillexiststoday.Somaybeyoulovecarracingormaybeyouhateit. 3 Nomatterwhereyouareontherisk-seekingrangescientistssaythatyourwillingnesstotakerisksincreasesduringyourteenageyears. 4 Tohelpyoudothatyourbrainincreasesyourhungerfornewexperiences.Newexperiencesoftenmeantakingsomeriskssoyourbrainraisesyourtoleranceforriskaswell. 5 Fortherisk-seekersapartofthebrainrelatedtopleasurebeesactivewhilefortherestofusapartofthebrainrelatedtofearbeesactive.Asexpertscontinuetostudythescienceofrisk-seekingwe’llcontinuetohitthemountainsthewavesortheshallowendofthepool.A.Italldependsonyourcharacter.B.Thosearetherisksyoushouldjumptotake.C.Beingbetteratthosethingsmeantagreaterchanceofsurvival.D.Thusthesewell-equippedpeoplesurvivedbecausetheywerethefittest.E.Thisiswhenyoustarttomoveawayfromyourfamilyandintothebiggerworld.F.Howeverwearenotallusingthesamereferencestandardtoweighrisksandrewards.G.Newbrainresearchsuggestsourbrainsworkdifferentlywhenwefaceanervoussituation.【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文,作者讲的是有关冒险的科学的探索方面的内容
1.F【解析】选项F中的"weighrisksandrewards"与上文的"weightheriskandthereward"相呼应,故F项符合语境
2.C【解析】选项C中的"Beingbetteratthosethings"与上文的"werebetterathuntingfightingorexploring"相呼应,因此选C
3.A【解析】前文说人们有各种不同的性格,因此你可能喜欢赛车,或者讨厌赛车,故A项"这完全是由你的性格决定的"符合语境
4.E【解析】根据上文的"yourwillingness...teenageyears"及下文的"hungerfornewexperiences..."可知E项符合语境
5.G【解析】根据空后的"Fortherisk-seekers...beesactive"可知,此处讲的是面对紧张的局面时我们的大脑会有不同的反应,故G项符合语境。