还剩6页未读,继续阅读
文本内容:
Unit7TheSea题型组合训练四(A)阅读理解 阅读下列短文从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项A2018江西质检TheUSpresidentDonaldTrumphaspopularizedthephrase“fakenews”.ButnottoolongagothesewordsinbinationwouldhavemeantlittletoeverydayEnglishspeakers.AnatolyLibermanaGermanwritesabouttheoriginsoftheword“fake”.Theworditturnsouthasaverydarkpast.Thebestguessathow“fake”becamethemainstreamarguesLibermanisthatitwasakindusedbythievesintheLondonunderworld.But“howitgottherenobodyintheworldknowsandprobablynobodywilleverknow”hetellsQuartz.LibermanisaprofessorattheUniversityofMinnesotaandtheauthorofWordOriginsandHowWeKnowThem.Hewritesthatearlyrecordsof“fake”asanEnglishadjectiveappearedaroundthemiddleofthe18thcentury.Thewordlikelyesfromcantorthiefjargon行话.TheOEDmentions“fake”asaverbstartingin1819whichbasicallymeant“todo”injargonbutalso“tokillwoundorrob”.Anentryfromadictionarythatyearreads:“Tofakeanypersonorplacetorobthem;tofakeapersonmayalsoimplytoshootwoundorcut;tofakeamanoutandoutistokillhim.”LibermantracesthewordnexttoCharlesDickenswhoused“cly-faker”where“cly”meanspocketinOliverTwist.Thisishowhebelievestheknowledgeof“fake”asawordthatmeanstostealspread.EventuallyitbecameamonplaceEnglishword.
1.Theunderlinedword“fake”inParagraph1probablymeans . A.lyingB.trueC.monD.interesting
2.WhatcanwelearnaboutAnatolyLibermanA.Heisskilledinsomeforeignlanguages.B.HeisinterestedinalltheEnglishwords.C.HelivedinEnglandforalongtime.D.HelikeswritingarticlesinEnglishverymuch.
3.WhatismainlydiscussedinthispassageA.ThehistoryofEnglishwords.B.SomestoriesaboutEnglishwords.C.TheimportanceoftheEnglishword“fake”.D.TheoriginsofanEnglishword.
4.WhatcanweinferfromthispassageA.WemustfocusonthewordsofDonaldTrump.B.WeshouldstudyEnglishwordsverycarefully.C.“Fake”likelyesfromwordsusedbyaclassofpeople.D.AnatolyLibermanlikestotracethemonplaceEnglishwords.答案 [语篇解读] 美国总统特朗普使得“假新闻”这个词成为流行词文章探讨了“fake”这个词的起源它曾是伦敦底层社会里小偷之间的行话意为“做”“杀死”“偷”等
1.A 词义猜测题美国总统特朗普使得“假新闻”一词成为流行词由此可知fake的意思应为“假的”故选A项
2.A 推理判断题由第三段中的“LibermanisaprofessorattheUniversityofMinnesotaandtheauthorofWordOriginsandHowWeKnowThem.”可知Liberman是明尼苏达大学的教授也是WordOriginsandHowWeKnowThem一书的作者且在文中他探索了fake一词的起源由此可以推知他非常擅长外语故选A项
3.D 主旨大意题由文章第二段中的“AnatolyLibermanaGermanwritesabouttheoriginsoftheword‘fake’.”和下文的具体介绍可知文章探讨了“fake”这个词的起源也就是探索一个英语单词的起源故选D项
4.C 推理判断题由第二段中的“Thebestguessathow‘fake’becamethemainstreamarguesLibermanisthatitwasakindusedbythievesintheLondonunderworld.”可知Liberman提出关于“fake”一词如何成为主流词最可靠的猜测应该是它曾是伦敦底层社会里小偷之间的行话也就是社会某一阶层的人使用的语言故选C项B2018课标全国ⅠGoodMorningBritain’sSusannaReidisusedtogrillingguestsonthesofaeverymorningbutsheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole—showingfamilieshowtopreparedeliciousandnutritiousmealsonatightbudget.InSaveMoney:GoodFoodshevisitsadifferenthomeeachweekandwiththehelpofchefMattTebbuttofferstoptipsonhowtoreducefoodwastewhilepreparingrecipesforunder£5perfamilyaday.AndtheGoodMorningBritainpresentersaysshe’sbeenabletoputalotofwhatshe’slearntintopracticeinherownhomepreparingmealsforsonsSam14Finn13andJack
11.“WeloveMexicanchurrossoIbuythemonmyphonefrommylocalMexicantakeawayrestaurant”sheexplains.“Ipay£5foraportion一份butMattmakesthemfor26paportionbecausetheyareflourwatersugarandoil.Everybodycanbuytakeawayfoodbutsometimeswe’renotawarehowcheaplywecanmakethisfoodourselves.”Theeight-partseries系列节目SaveMoney:GoodFoodfollowsinthefootstepsofITV’sSaveMoney:GoodHealthwhichgaveviewersadviceonhowtogetvaluefromthevastrangeofhealthproductsonthemarket.WithfoodourbiggestweeklyhouseholdexpenseSusannaandMattspendtimewithadifferentfamilyeachweek.Intonight’sEasterspecialtheyetotheaidofafamilyinneedofsomedeliciousinspirationonabudget.Theteamtransformsthefamily’slongweekendofcelebrationwithlessexpensivebutstilltastyrecipes.
5.WhatdoweknowaboutSusannaReidA.Sheenjoysembarrassingherguests.B.Shehasstartedanewprogramme.C.Shedislikesworkingearlyinthemorning.D.Shehashadatightbudgetforherfamily.
6.HowdoesMattTebbutthelpSusannaA.Hebuyscookingmaterialsforher.B.Hepreparesfoodforherkids.C.Heassistsherincookingmatters.D.Heinvitesguestfamiliesforher.
7.Whatdoestheauthorintendtodoinparagraph4A.Summarizethepreviousparagraphs.B.Providesomeadviceforthereaders.C.Addsomebackgroundinformation.D.Introduceanewtopicfordiscussion.
8.WhatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetextA.KeepingFitbyEatingSmartB.BalancingOurDailyDietC.MakingYourselfaPerfectChefD.CookingWellforLess答案 [语篇解读] 本文介绍了英国节目主持人SusannaReid创办的一档新节目SaveMoney:GoodFood的相关情况
5.B 细节理解题根据第一段的butsheiscookingupastorminherlatestrole可知她创办了一档新节目故选B项
6.C 推理判断题根据第二段第一句话在节目SaveMoney:GoodFood中她每周拜访一个不同的家庭并且在厨师MattTebbutt的帮助下在准备每个家庭每天低于5英镑的食谱时提供如何减少食物浪费的很好的建议可知MattTebbutt在做饭方面帮助了Susanna故选C项
7.C 推理判断题文章前三段主要介绍了新节目SaveMoney:GoodFood的相关情况而第四段介绍了它和节目SaveMoney:GoodHealth的关系由此推断本段主要补充这一节目的背景知识故选C项
8.D 主旨大意题通读全文可知文章介绍了英国节目主持人SusannaReid通过创办新节目SaveMoney:GoodFood教给观众如何花更少的钱制作更美味的食物故选D项C You’reouttodinner.Thefoodisdeliciousandtheserviceisfine.Youdecidetoleaveabigfattip.WhyTheanswermaynotbeassimpleasyouthink.Tippingpsychologistshavefoundisnotjustaboutservice.Insteadstudieshaveshownthattippingcanbeaffectedbypsychologicalreactionstoaseriesofdifferentfactorsfromthewaiter’schoiceofwordstohowtheycarrythemselveswhiletakingorderstothetotalbill.Evenhowmuchwaitersremindcustomersofthemselvescandeterminehowmuchchangetheypocketbytheendofthenight.“Studiesbeforehaveshownthatmimicry模仿bringsintopositivefeelingsforthemimicker”wroteRickvanBaarenasocialpsychologyprofessor.“Thesestudiesshowthatpeoplewhoarebeingmimickedbeemoregeneroustowardthepersonwhomimicsthem.”SoRickvanBaarendivided59waitersintotwogroups.Herequestedthathalfservewithaphrasesuchas“ingup!”Thoseintheotherhallwereinstructedtorepeattheordersandpreferencesbacktothecustomers.RickvanBaarenthenparedtheirtake-homepay.Theresultswereclear—itpaystomimicyourcustomer.Thecopycat模仿者waitersearnedalmostdoubletheamountoftipstotheothergroup.LeonardGreenandJoelMyersonpsychologistsatWashingtonUniversityinSt.Louisfoundthegenerosityofatippermaybelimitedbyhisbill.Afterresearchonthe1000tipsleftforwaiterscab-driversandhairstyliststheyfoundtippercentagesinthesethreeareasdroppedascustomers’billswentup.Infacttippercentagesappeartoaplateau稳定期whenbillstopped$100andabillfor$200madetheworkergainnobiggerpercentagetipthanabillfor$
100.“That’salsoapointoftipping”Greensays.“Youhavetogivealittleextratothecab-driverforbeingtheretopickyouupandsomethingtothewaiterforbeingtheretoserveyou.Iftheyweren’tthereyou’dnevergetanyservice.Sopartoftheideaofatipisforjustbeingthere.”
9.Howmanyfactorsaffectthecustomers’tippingA.
6.B.
5.C.
4.D.
3.
10.WhatdothestudiesshowA.Mimicrybringsintoverybadfeelingsforthemimicker.B.Thewaiterwhomimicspeopleusuallygetsfewertipsthattheygive.C.Themimicwaiterscangetmoremoneythanthosewhodon’tmimicothers.D.Tippingcanbeaffectedbyphysicalreactionstomanydifferentwaiters.
11.WhatistheopinionoftheauthoraccordingtothepassageA.Hegiveshisgeneroustiptowaitersveryoften.B.HeagreeswithMr.GreenandRickvanBaarenabouttipping.C.HeobjectstoMr.Green’sideaabouttipping.D.HethinkspartofMr.Green’sexplanationisreasonable.
12.WhatisthebesttitleofthispassageA.HowMuchtoTipB.WhatAreTipsC.WheretoLeaveaBigFatTipD.TippingIsVeryImportant答案 [语篇解读] 文章分析了影响服务生所得小费的多少的因素
9.B 细节理解题根据第二段中的Tippingpsychologistshavefoundisnotjustaboutservice.Insteadstudieshaveshownthat...bytheendofthenight.可知不仅仅是服务notjustaboutservice服务生对用词的选择thewaiter’schoiceofwords、服务生在顾客用餐时的举动howtheycarrythemselveswhiletakingorders、账单的总额thetotalbill以及服务生对顾客的提醒howmuchwaitersremindcustomersofthemselves这五个方面影响了获得小费的多少故选B项
10.C 细节理解题由第四段中的“Theresultswereclear—itpaystomimicyourcustomer.Thecopycat模仿者waitersearnedalmostdoubletheamountoftipstotheothergroup.”可知研究结果很明显模仿顾客的服务生所得小费是其他服务生即不模仿顾客的服务生的两倍故选C项
11.B 推理判断题第二段作者提出很多因素影响了服务生所得小费的多少下文作者列举Mr.Green和RickvanBaaren的例子就是为了证明自己的观点由此可以推知作者是支持这两个人的观点的故选B项
12.A 主旨大意题第二段提出:很多因素影响了服务生所得小费的多少从第三段开始作者用RickvanBaarenLeonardGreen和JoelMyerson的研究证明了第二段提出的观点由此可知本文的主题是“该给多少小费”故选A项DNowpeopleareveryconcernedaboutthefoodproblem.SteveWilsonprefersorganicfruitdeliveredrighttothedoorstep.Heiswillingtopayforit.Ifthisisnotpossiblethe30-year-oldputertechnicianwillspendtheextramoneyatthesupermarkettobuyorganicfood.“Organicproductisalwaysbetter”Wilsonsaid.“Thefoodisfreeofpesticides农药andyouaregenerallysupportingfamilyfarmsinsteadoflargefarms.Andmoreoftenthannotitislocallygrownandseasonalsoitismoretasty.”WilsonisoneofthegrowingnumberofshoppersbuyingintotheorganictrendandsupermarketsacrossBritainarecountingonmorelikehimastheygrowtheirorganicfoodbusiness.ButhowmanyshoppersreallyknowwhattheyaregettingandwhyaretheywillingtopayahigherpricefororganicproductsMarketresearchshowsthatWilsonandotherswhobuyorganicfoodcangenerallygiveclearreasonsfortheirpreferences—buttheirknowledgeoforganicfoodisfarfromplete.Forexamplesmallamountsofpesticidescanbeusedonorganicproducts.AndaboutthreequartersoforganicfoodinBritainisnotlocalbutimported进口tomeetthegrowingdemand.“Thedemandfororganicfoodisincreasingbyaboutonethirdeveryyearsoitisaveryfast-growingmarket”saidSueFlockaspecialistinthislineofbusiness.
13.WhydoesSteveWilsonpreferorganicfruitA.Becauseitisdeliveredrighttothedoorstep.B.Becausemoreandmorepeoplebuyorganicfruit.C.Becausehelikeshome-grownfruitverymuch.D.Becauseheconsidersthefruitfreeofpollution.
14.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“theorganictrend”inParagraph2meanA.Gettingthefoodanywhere.B.Growingthefoodathome.C.Betterqualityoforganicfood.D.Growinginterestinorganicfood.
15.WhydoesSueFlocksayitisaveryfast-growingmarketA.Becauseofarapidincreaseinthedemandforit.B.Becauseitisproducedonlargefarms.C.Becauseitcan’tbeproducedonfamilyfarms.D.Becauseofitsproperprices.答案 [语篇解读] 这是一篇社会生活类文章越来越多的人选择有机食物因为他们认为有机食物无污染、更美味从而引发了一场有机食品潮
13.D 细节理解题由第二段中的“Thefoodisfreeofpesticides农药”可知SteveWilson认为有机食品没有农药即没有污染故选D项
14.D 词义猜测题由第一段中的“SteveWilsonprefersorganicfruitdeliveredrighttothedoorstep.”和第二段中的“Wilsonisoneofthegrowingnumberofshoppersbuyingintotheorganictrend”可知theorganictrend指的是人们对有机食物越来越感兴趣吃有机食物的人越来越多故选D项
15.A 细节理解题由最后一段中的“Thedemandfororganicfoodisincreasingbyaboutonethirdeveryyearsoitisaveryfast-growingmarket”可知对有机食物的需求以每年大约三分之一的速度增长所以这是一个快速增长的市场故选A项。