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第二讲主谓一致[全析考法]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.2018·全国卷ⅠWhilerunningregularlycantmakeyouliveforeverthereviewsaysit________bemoreeffectiveatlengtheninglifethanwalkingcyclingorswimming.解析is 根据语境可知,此处叙述的是一般的客观事实,且本句中宾语从句与主句的时态应保持一致,故使用一般现在时it指代上一句的runningregularly,是第三人称单数,故填is2.2017·全国卷ⅠFastfood________befulloffatandsalt;byeatingmorefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.解析is 本句中的主语是fastfood,是不可数名词短语,所以谓语用第三人称单数形式,且此处讲的是现状,所以填is3.2016·全国卷ⅡLeavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow________beoftenacceptable.解析is 主语是“Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow”,所以谓语用单数形式;此处表示客观情况,用一般现在时Ⅱ.单句改错1.2018·全国卷ⅢTheclassroomisaplaceforlearningandthatincludelearningfromtextbooksandmistakesaswell.________________解析include→includes 分析句子结构可知,that引导定语从句,修饰place,关系代词替代place在从句中作主语,从句谓语动词的数要与先行词保持一致,谓语动词也使用第三人称单数的形式2.2016·浙江高考Hewouldaskwhowewasandpretendnottoknowus.________________解析was→were 从句中的主语是we,为复数,故be动词应该用were3.2014·全国卷ⅡMydreamschoolstartsat830a.m.andends...Mydreamschoollooklikeabiggarden.________________解析look→looks 最后一句的主语是单数形式,所以谓语也用第三人称单数,根据前文可知应用一般现在时,所以用looks4.2014·辽宁高考Theearlymorningbarkinghavebeendisturbingusasweareoftenupallnightwiththebaby.________________解析have→has 句子的主语为“Theearlymorningbarking”,故谓语动词应用单数形式5.2014·陕西高考Suddenlythearrowswasflyingdownatusfromthesky—theylookedlikerain!________________解析was→were 句中主语是“thearrows”,为复数形式,故be动词应该用were[谨记规则]一并列主语的主谓一致1.当两个或两个以上作主语的单数名词用andboth...and连接,并表示两个不同的概念时,谓语动词用复数形式但and连接的并列名词如果表示同一人、事或概念,且后面的名词前没有限定词,谓语动词用单数形式,如theneedleandthreadtheforkandknifeironandsteelmudandsand等Bothteaandcoffeearemyfavorites.ThewriterandprofessorwhoIoftenrefertoatthemeetingsispopularamongthosepeople.2.由eacheveryno修饰的名词作主语时,即使有and连接多个并列主语,谓语动词仍用单数形式Nosoundandnovoicehasbeenheardforalongtime.Everyboyandeverygirlistreatedinthesamewayinourschool.3.由ornoreither...or...neither...nor...notonly...butalso...等连接并列主语时,谓语动词的单复数与它临近的主语保持一致EitheryouorIamgoingtobeinchargeofthismatter.4.therebeherebe后接几个并列名词时,谓语be动词的数遵循就近原则Thereisanorangeandfourbananasleft.二数词和量词作主语时的主谓一致1.“分数+of/百分数+of/therestof/plentyof/themajorityof/lotsof/alotof/aquantityof+可数名词复数或不可数名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单复数一般取决于of后名词的数但quantitiesof...作主语时,谓语动词用复数Aboutonethirdofthebooksareworthreading.Aquantityofwaterisneededforcoolingpurpose.=Quantitiesofwaterareneededforcoolingpurpose.2.“agreatdealof/alargeamountof+不可数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数但largeamountsof...作主语,谓语动词用复数Alargeamountofgrainhasbeeneatenbybirds.=Largeamountsofgrainhavebeeneatenbybirds.3.anumberofavarietyof修饰名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数;thenumberofthevarietyof后接名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数Thenumberofthestudentsinourclassis50andanumberofthemarefromHebei.Anumberofstudentshavegoneforanouting.4.由kindformtypespeciesportionseries等修饰的主语,其谓语动词的单复数取决于这些词的数,而不是它们后面所跟名词的数Somenewformsofartwerediscussedatthemeeting.三其他情况的主谓一致1.当主语后带有aswellasasmuchasnolessthanwithalongwithtogetherwithlikeratherthanbutexceptbesidesincludinginadditionto等连接的成分时,谓语动词的单复数取决于前面主语的单复数Thehouseincludingthegardenandtheparkwassold.Ithinkthebossratherthantheworkerswastoblamefortheloss.2.在“oneof+复数名词+who/which/that”引导的定语从句中,定语从句的谓语动词用复数one前面如果有theonly/very修饰,定语从句的谓语动词用单数Thisisoneofthequestionsthathavebeenaskedbythestudents.Heistheonlyoneoftheofficerswhowasinvitedtotheball.3.“morethanone/manyan+单数可数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数Morethanoneboylikestoplaybasketballwhilemanyagirlisgoodatplayingbaseball.4.强调句itis/was...that/who...中,主句谓语总是用单数Itishewhotellsusthenews.5.不定式、动词ing形式或从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数Toobeythelawiseveryonesduty.Eatingtoomanysweetsruinsyourteeth.Whyhediditwasveryclear.6.由两部分构成一个整体的物体名词如shoestrouserspantsjeansglasses等作主语时,谓语动词用复数但如果这类名词前用了apairofapieceofakindofaseriesof等来修饰,谓语动词的单复数与表示计量单位的名词一致Histrousersaretoolongtowear.Thispairofglasseswasfoundinthebag.语法填空解题“3视角”1.看主语人称,确定谓语动词形式2.看充当主语的词短语,确定谓语动词形式1看到主语为动名词短语/todo不定式或从句,要想到谓语应为第三人称单数形式;2看到“分数/百分数+of+名词”作主语,要想到谓语的数取决于名词3.看到therebe等结构,要想到用就近一致原则据第1条解题1.Thedesignonthebackshowsshowtheyelloweyedpenguinoneoftheworldsrarestpenguins.2.HavingtraveledfromChinathroughKazakhstanRussiaBelarusPolandGermanyBelgiumandFrancefor18daysthetrainfinallyarrivedinLondon.Insidethe68containerswerebehouseholdgoodsclothingclothbagsandsuitcases.据第2条解题3.Twofifthsofthelandinthatdistrict_is_coveredcoverwithtreesnowabout80%ofwhichwere_planted_plantinthe1990s.4.Listeningtoloudmusicatrockconcertshas_causedcausehearinglossinsometeenagersovertheyears.据第3条解题5.NotonlyJasperbutalsohisfriendsarebeplanningtogobecausetheyhaveneverbeentherebefore.6.Thereare_bealsomanysmalluniversitieswithonlyafewhundredstudents.短文改错解题“3原则”1.通过“语法一致”原则解决主谓一致问题1可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数;可数名词复数作主语时谓语动词用复数2在定语从句中,关系代词thatwhowhich等作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致3单个的动名词、名词性从句作主语,谓语动词一般用单数但what引导的主语从句表示复数概念时,谓语动词用复数4主语后跟有withtogetherwithaswellas等引起的并列主语时,谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致5复数形式单数意义的词,如newsmathsplasticsphysics作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式2.通过“意义一致”原则解决主谓一致问题1集体名词作主语时,若被看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式;若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员,谓语动词用复数形式常见的集体名词有familyclassteamgrouppublicmitteegovernmentaudience等2“分数/百分数/themajority+of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义;allsomehalfmosttherest等作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义3.通过“就近一致”原则解决主谓一致问题由either...or...neither...nor...notonly...butalso...等连接的并列主语或者在therebe句型中,谓语动词常与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致据第1条解题1.paredwithonlinegamesmanytraditionalgameslikehideandseekbenefitskidsmentallyandphysically.benefits→benefit2.Dr.SmithtogetherwithhiswifeanddaughtersaregoingtovisitBeijingthissummer.are→is据第2条解题3.Asaresultoftheseriousfloodtwothirdsofthebuildingsintheareaneedsrepairing._needs→need4.98%ofthesurfacearecoveredpermanentlybyiceandstrongwindsdrivenbygravityblowfromthepoletothecoastline.are→is据第3条解题5.Therewasalargenumberofpeopleandthetrainwascrowdedbuteveryonehelpedthosewhohadlotsofbaggageandbehavedpolitely.第一个was→were6.Hereeyouropportunity:theStudentUnionwillorganizeaPoetryWritingContest.e→es。